Marianna Ciccarelli, Simir Moschini, M. Palpacelli, A. Papetti, M. Germani
Collaborative robotics is a key pillar of the smart factory of the future making production systems more flexible and responsive. To this aim, the research communities have made considerable efforts to enable direct interaction between humans and robots in a safe and integrated shared workspace. However, the industrial sector still shows a mismatch between the HRC potentialities and the HRC existing applications. The design is often technology-driven, and coexistence prevails on cooperation or collaboration. Through the case study, this article describes the human-driven design approach that a company should follow to define and evaluate different scenarios and choose the one that best suits its context and workforce. It considers safety, ergonomic, technical, spatial, and equipment issues. It presents an application common to all sectors, the packaging, addressing the complexities of the new production paradigm of mass customization. The design approach has been tested by the major Italian kitchen manufacturer and the resulting collaborative workstation has been simulated by using the software Tecnomatix Process Simulate. The simulation allowed the analysis and evaluation of risks, layout, and performance. The simulation results showed significant benefits in terms of efficiency ensuring a safe collaboration.
协作机器人是未来智能工厂的关键支柱，使生产系统更加灵活和响应迅速。为了实现这一目标，研究团体已经做出了相当大的努力，使人与机器人之间的直接交互能够在一个安全和集成的共享工作空间中进行。然而，工业部门仍然显示出HRC潜力与HRC现有应用之间的不匹配。设计通常是技术驱动的，共存盛行于合作或协作。通过案例研究，本文描述了公司应该遵循的人为驱动的设计方法，以定义和评估不同的场景，并选择最适合其上下文和员工的方案。它考虑了安全、人体工程学、技术、空间和设备问题。它提出了一个通用的应用程序，所有部门，包装，解决大规模定制的新生产模式的复杂性。该设计方法已由意大利主要厨房制造商进行了测试，并使用Tecnomatix Process simulation软件模拟了最终的协作工作站。模拟允许对风险、布局和性能进行分析和评估。仿真结果表明，在确保安全协作的效率方面具有显著的优势。
{"title":"Design of Human-Robot Collaborative Workstation for the Packaging of Kitchen Furniture","authors":"Marianna Ciccarelli, Simir Moschini, M. Palpacelli, A. Papetti, M. Germani","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95452","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Collaborative robotics is a key pillar of the smart factory of the future making production systems more flexible and responsive. To this aim, the research communities have made considerable efforts to enable direct interaction between humans and robots in a safe and integrated shared workspace. However, the industrial sector still shows a mismatch between the HRC potentialities and the HRC existing applications. The design is often technology-driven, and coexistence prevails on cooperation or collaboration. Through the case study, this article describes the human-driven design approach that a company should follow to define and evaluate different scenarios and choose the one that best suits its context and workforce. It considers safety, ergonomic, technical, spatial, and equipment issues. It presents an application common to all sectors, the packaging, addressing the complexities of the new production paradigm of mass customization. The design approach has been tested by the major Italian kitchen manufacturer and the resulting collaborative workstation has been simulated by using the software Tecnomatix Process Simulate. The simulation allowed the analysis and evaluation of risks, layout, and performance. The simulation results showed significant benefits in terms of efficiency ensuring a safe collaboration.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125063827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. England, Ethan Darnell, Janak Bhakta, M. D’Orazio, M. Chukovenkova, Andrei N. Zagrai
Non-destructive testing using ultrasonic sensors supplies manufacturers with methods of monitoring a part’s integrity as it is being produced. The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the usefulness and viability of using ultrasonic sensors to monitor the 3D printing process. In order to accomplish this task, an attachment for the build plate of a 3D printer was developed that holds an ultrasonic sensor against the build plate while the printer is running initial tests. The ultrasonic sensor was used to analyze printing filaments and the build plate included with the printer. The results of ultrasonic investigation have demonstrated inefficiency of the composite plate in transduction of elastic waves and a steel build plate was suggested for further testing. Initial studies were conducted to explore material characteristics of the built plates and the printing materials. Ultrasonic setup with longitudinal and shear wave transducers were utilized to measure material properties such as Young’s modulus, shear modulus and the Poisson ratio. It is anticipated that material characterization will also be conducted during the printing process. This means heat will be introduced into the system and as a result the speed of sound through the build plate and filament will vary as a function of temperature. To better understand the role of temperature in real-time ultrasonic NDE, an FEA model is developed to determine the transient temperature gradient through the steel build plate and filament during the printing process. Thermal imaging data is considered to assess the accuracy of the FEA model for the dynamic temperature distribution. Once relationships between temperature variation and sound speed have been established properties such as Young’s modulus can be calculated. It is anticipated that application of this approach will allow for assessment of material properties in near real time, which is critical for process monitoring and ensuring quality of the additively manufactured parts.
{"title":"Development of the Ultrasonic System Integration With 3D Polymer Printing","authors":"J. England, Ethan Darnell, Janak Bhakta, M. D’Orazio, M. Chukovenkova, Andrei N. Zagrai","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Non-destructive testing using ultrasonic sensors supplies manufacturers with methods of monitoring a part’s integrity as it is being produced. The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the usefulness and viability of using ultrasonic sensors to monitor the 3D printing process. In order to accomplish this task, an attachment for the build plate of a 3D printer was developed that holds an ultrasonic sensor against the build plate while the printer is running initial tests. The ultrasonic sensor was used to analyze printing filaments and the build plate included with the printer. The results of ultrasonic investigation have demonstrated inefficiency of the composite plate in transduction of elastic waves and a steel build plate was suggested for further testing. Initial studies were conducted to explore material characteristics of the built plates and the printing materials. Ultrasonic setup with longitudinal and shear wave transducers were utilized to measure material properties such as Young’s modulus, shear modulus and the Poisson ratio. It is anticipated that material characterization will also be conducted during the printing process. This means heat will be introduced into the system and as a result the speed of sound through the build plate and filament will vary as a function of temperature. To better understand the role of temperature in real-time ultrasonic NDE, an FEA model is developed to determine the transient temperature gradient through the steel build plate and filament during the printing process. Thermal imaging data is considered to assess the accuracy of the FEA model for the dynamic temperature distribution. Once relationships between temperature variation and sound speed have been established properties such as Young’s modulus can be calculated. It is anticipated that application of this approach will allow for assessment of material properties in near real time, which is critical for process monitoring and ensuring quality of the additively manufactured parts.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127636633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Alqosaibi, Hussam H Noor, Peng Gao, A. Duhduh, J. Coulter
A novel invention called Rheodrop technology is introduced for hot runner based injection molding. The technology allows control over melt rheology by applying desired shear rate values to the polymer melt during and/or in between injection molding cycles. The shear rate is applied by rotating the valve pin inside the hot drops and it is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed. The main goals are to optimize the process and to enhance the properties of molded parts. The focus on this study was incomplete filling defects which can be eliminated by the introduced technology. Numerical simulation and experimental analysis were performed to investigate the incomplete filling issue for hot runner systems. A four cavity hot runner mold was utilized in this research study and the processed material was Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Moldflow simulations was presented at three different temperature levels. The cavities were perfectly filled at the highest melt temperature level with incomplete filling resulting at the lower levels of melt temperature. Experimental results showed that implementing Rheodrop technology produces consistent ideal filling throughout the selected range of melt temperatures.
{"title":"Advanced Melt Rheology Control: A Filling Defects Investigation for Hot Runner Based Injection Molding","authors":"K. Alqosaibi, Hussam H Noor, Peng Gao, A. Duhduh, J. Coulter","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73757","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A novel invention called Rheodrop technology is introduced for hot runner based injection molding. The technology allows control over melt rheology by applying desired shear rate values to the polymer melt during and/or in between injection molding cycles. The shear rate is applied by rotating the valve pin inside the hot drops and it is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed. The main goals are to optimize the process and to enhance the properties of molded parts. The focus on this study was incomplete filling defects which can be eliminated by the introduced technology. Numerical simulation and experimental analysis were performed to investigate the incomplete filling issue for hot runner systems. A four cavity hot runner mold was utilized in this research study and the processed material was Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Moldflow simulations was presented at three different temperature levels. The cavities were perfectly filled at the highest melt temperature level with incomplete filling resulting at the lower levels of melt temperature. Experimental results showed that implementing Rheodrop technology produces consistent ideal filling throughout the selected range of melt temperatures.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116378379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Abraham Valdivia Puga, P. D. Urbina Coronado, Rubén Febronio García Martínez, Horacio Ahuett Garza, Pedro A. Orta Castañon
The present work was carried in a manufacturing context, using augmented reality as the main tool. The main goal is to explore the capabilities of augmented reality used in manufacturing environments through connectivity and a digital shadow. Novel features implemented include control, interactions, and display of information not only of machines but any element connected to the industrial IoT. These features are addressed by the implementation of infrastructure prepared to communicate with different kinds of protocols. Additionally, a discrete event simulation of the manufacturing cell is created through specific software and connected with its 3D model to visualize the process and relevant information in AR. With this implementation, it is possible to establish a communication environment between machines, robots, and any element connected to the network. Also, this concept enables the visualization, control, interaction, and sending/receiving information of processes in real-time. Then, any person can see process information anywhere and interact within the AR model using a capable device. Therefore, AR applied in combination with other I4.0 tools allows to have high-level intelligent processes and increase operator’s abilities in manufacturing environments. The application of the proposed concept into modern manufacturing facilities was discussed and reviewed.
{"title":"Towards an Assistance and Simulation Augmented Reality Environment for the Manufacturing Area","authors":"José Abraham Valdivia Puga, P. D. Urbina Coronado, Rubén Febronio García Martínez, Horacio Ahuett Garza, Pedro A. Orta Castañon","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-69816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69816","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present work was carried in a manufacturing context, using augmented reality as the main tool. The main goal is to explore the capabilities of augmented reality used in manufacturing environments through connectivity and a digital shadow. Novel features implemented include control, interactions, and display of information not only of machines but any element connected to the industrial IoT. These features are addressed by the implementation of infrastructure prepared to communicate with different kinds of protocols. Additionally, a discrete event simulation of the manufacturing cell is created through specific software and connected with its 3D model to visualize the process and relevant information in AR. With this implementation, it is possible to establish a communication environment between machines, robots, and any element connected to the network. Also, this concept enables the visualization, control, interaction, and sending/receiving information of processes in real-time. Then, any person can see process information anywhere and interact within the AR model using a capable device. Therefore, AR applied in combination with other I4.0 tools allows to have high-level intelligent processes and increase operator’s abilities in manufacturing environments. The application of the proposed concept into modern manufacturing facilities was discussed and reviewed.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123027200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishnu Kumar, Vijaysarathy Srinivasan, Soundar R. T. Kumara
Biopharmaceutical community is devising modern techniques to boost the development, production, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in large scale with tremendous speed. This has shifted the focus towards smart manufacturing of vaccines through vaccine platforms. Vaccine platforms have great potential to rapidly generate new vaccines and can overcome the challenges of the traditional vaccine manufacturing approach without compromising on safety and efficacy. This preliminary study compares the traditional and modern vaccine manufacturing techniques, reviews COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing scenarios, and presents a framework to critique on the smartness of the novel platform-based COVID-19 vaccine development and manufacturing.
{"title":"Towards Smart Vaccine Manufacturing: A Preliminary Study During COVID-19","authors":"Vishnu Kumar, Vijaysarathy Srinivasan, Soundar R. T. Kumara","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70516","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Biopharmaceutical community is devising modern techniques to boost the development, production, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in large scale with tremendous speed. This has shifted the focus towards smart manufacturing of vaccines through vaccine platforms. Vaccine platforms have great potential to rapidly generate new vaccines and can overcome the challenges of the traditional vaccine manufacturing approach without compromising on safety and efficacy. This preliminary study compares the traditional and modern vaccine manufacturing techniques, reviews COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing scenarios, and presents a framework to critique on the smartness of the novel platform-based COVID-19 vaccine development and manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128465841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shun Tanaka, Y. Marukawa, Toru Kizaki, Kenich Tomita, S. Tsujimura, Daisuke Noda, Hisashi Kobayashi, N. Sugita
More than 70% of machining errors in machine tools are caused by thermal displacement. In this paper, we proposed a method of estimating for thermal displacement by measuring the temperature at a large number of points to achieve high-precision machining under disturbances such as cutting fluid. The sensor locations were determined from the results of the thermal simulation in which the heat generation at various heat sources, such as bearings and ball screws, were determined according to the results of the operational tests. The tool center point (TCP) error was estimated from the temperature distribution measured by 284 temperature sensors. The proposed method reduced the estimation error by 50% compared to the conventional method with 17 temperature measuring locations, and the accuracy was confirmed to be unchanged even when cutting fluid was supplied. In addition, a real-time method to estimate TCP relative displacement was developed to implement thermal deformation compensation in a machine tool. Considering actual machining, it is necessary to reduce the computational load of the finite element method (FEM) or to consider a faster displacement estimation model to output the TCP relative displacements at multiple points. By implementing this thermal displacement estimation system, it may be possible to achieve high-precision machining even with machines that do not have high precision.
{"title":"Development of a Robust and Real-Time Thermal Deformation Prediction System for Machine Tool by Multi-Point Temperature Measurement","authors":"Shun Tanaka, Y. Marukawa, Toru Kizaki, Kenich Tomita, S. Tsujimura, Daisuke Noda, Hisashi Kobayashi, N. Sugita","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71091","url":null,"abstract":"More than 70% of machining errors in machine tools are caused by thermal displacement. In this paper, we proposed a method of estimating for thermal displacement by measuring the temperature at a large number of points to achieve high-precision machining under disturbances such as cutting fluid. The sensor locations were determined from the results of the thermal simulation in which the heat generation at various heat sources, such as bearings and ball screws, were determined according to the results of the operational tests. The tool center point (TCP) error was estimated from the temperature distribution measured by 284 temperature sensors. The proposed method reduced the estimation error by 50% compared to the conventional method with 17 temperature measuring locations, and the accuracy was confirmed to be unchanged even when cutting fluid was supplied. In addition, a real-time method to estimate TCP relative displacement was developed to implement thermal deformation compensation in a machine tool. Considering actual machining, it is necessary to reduce the computational load of the finite element method (FEM) or to consider a faster displacement estimation model to output the TCP relative displacements at multiple points. By implementing this thermal displacement estimation system, it may be possible to achieve high-precision machining even with machines that do not have high precision.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130349416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this publication, the authors show and discuss a method, that allows the forming of flat sheets of material to a wished three-dimensional state, based on bespoke slits cut into the sheet. Especially a method known as Kerf is investigated. As current methods are using a grid of slits from border to border in linear or orthogonal crossing configuration, the authors are presenting a method with slits based on surface curvature. The bespoke slits can be straight or curved and must not be from border to border of the sheet-material. Depending on the curvature, the slits can cross. The method is applicable for developable and with strong limitations for non-developable surfaces. The authors will explain their method that analyses a given target surface’s curvature and generates a slit pattern of smooth planar curves on a 2D development of Surfaces. The pattern relates a physical slit, that will be closed until the upper gap is closed. The Angle of the closed gap defines a target angle. In this paper the described slits have a constant angle and a constant depth. but can have different cross sections namely a V- and U-shaped one. The paper focuses on the geometric generation of the slits and will show and analyze some results. As the investigation is done in the context of architecture, the authors are mainly considering a pure geometric approach that is not taking into account different physical material properties.
{"title":"Double Curved Panel Forming With Bespoke Slits","authors":"Jonas Mertens, Valentine Troi, Rupert Maleczek","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71533","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this publication, the authors show and discuss a method, that allows the forming of flat sheets of material to a wished three-dimensional state, based on bespoke slits cut into the sheet.\u0000 Especially a method known as Kerf is investigated. As current methods are using a grid of slits from border to border in linear or orthogonal crossing configuration, the authors are presenting a method with slits based on surface curvature. The bespoke slits can be straight or curved and must not be from border to border of the sheet-material. Depending on the curvature, the slits can cross. The method is applicable for developable and with strong limitations for non-developable surfaces.\u0000 The authors will explain their method that analyses a given target surface’s curvature and generates a slit pattern of smooth planar curves on a 2D development of Surfaces. The pattern relates a physical slit, that will be closed until the upper gap is closed. The Angle of the closed gap defines a target angle. In this paper the described slits have a constant angle and a constant depth. but can have different cross sections namely a V- and U-shaped one. The paper focuses on the geometric generation of the slits and will show and analyze some results.\u0000 As the investigation is done in the context of architecture, the authors are mainly considering a pure geometric approach that is not taking into account different physical material properties.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130377763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the grinding of advanced materials, several problems such as the generation of high temperatures, more energy consumption, excessive utilization of cutting fluids, and emissions of various harmful gases have been encountered, resulting in negative impacts on the environment. In order to mitigate such problems, this study focuses on the sustainability of the grinding process amalgamated with the introduction of ultrasonic vibration. The effect of ultrasonic vibration has been incorporated in grinding along with optimal machining parameters. Ionic Liquid (ILs) with vegetable oil has been used as a cutting fluid, which is categorized as a green solvent. Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been proved as a favourable sustainable alternative additive in the base oil to obtain the desired cutting fluid performance. A comparative study has been conducted for various grinding strategies to assess their environmental impacts using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Initially, Conventional Grinding (CG) and Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding (UAG) have been attempted. In the subsequent attempt, ultrasonically atomized fluid has been used for the CG and UAG processes. The SimaPro LCA software has been used to quantify the environmental impacts associated with these processes. The inputs for the LCA inventory are consisted of material consumption, energy consumption, and cutting fluid consumption. In this study, the ReCiPe 2016 V 1.04 midpoint and endpoint module has been used for carrying out the impact assessment. The results of the LCA impact assessment showed that the ultrasonic-assisted grinding performed using ultrasonically atomized cutting fluid exhibited the least adverse effects on the environment as compared to other mentioned counterparts. The cutting fluid and power consumption has been found significant contributor for the environment. The results obtained from LCA analysis can be utilized as a basis for sustainability assessment framework in the grinding of advanced materials.
在先进材料的磨削过程中，遇到了高温产生、能耗大、切削液的过度利用、各种有害气体的排放等问题，对环境造成了负面影响。为了减轻这些问题，本研究将重点放在引入超声振动的磨削过程的可持续性上。在优化加工参数的同时，考虑了超声振动对磨削的影响。含有植物油的离子液体已被用作切削液，是一种绿色溶剂。离子液体(ILs)已被证明是一种良好的可持续替代添加剂，可以在基础油中获得理想的切削液性能。采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对不同磨矿策略的环境影响进行了比较研究。最初，常规磨削(CG)和超声辅助磨削(UAG)进行了尝试。在随后的尝试中，超声雾化流体被用于CG和UAG工艺。SimaPro LCA软件已被用于量化与这些过程相关的环境影响。LCA库存的输入包括材料消耗、能源消耗和切削液消耗。本研究采用ReCiPe 2016 V 1.04中点和终点模块进行影响评估。LCA影响评估结果表明，与其他方法相比，使用超声雾化切削液进行超声辅助磨削对环境的不利影响最小。切削液和功率消耗已被发现是环境的重要贡献者。LCA分析结果可作为先进材料磨削可持续性评价框架的基础。
{"title":"Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Various Grinding Strategies for Nickel Base Superalloys","authors":"A. K. Singh, Varun Sharma","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During the grinding of advanced materials, several problems such as the generation of high temperatures, more energy consumption, excessive utilization of cutting fluids, and emissions of various harmful gases have been encountered, resulting in negative impacts on the environment. In order to mitigate such problems, this study focuses on the sustainability of the grinding process amalgamated with the introduction of ultrasonic vibration. The effect of ultrasonic vibration has been incorporated in grinding along with optimal machining parameters. Ionic Liquid (ILs) with vegetable oil has been used as a cutting fluid, which is categorized as a green solvent. Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been proved as a favourable sustainable alternative additive in the base oil to obtain the desired cutting fluid performance. A comparative study has been conducted for various grinding strategies to assess their environmental impacts using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Initially, Conventional Grinding (CG) and Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding (UAG) have been attempted. In the subsequent attempt, ultrasonically atomized fluid has been used for the CG and UAG processes. The SimaPro LCA software has been used to quantify the environmental impacts associated with these processes. The inputs for the LCA inventory are consisted of material consumption, energy consumption, and cutting fluid consumption. In this study, the ReCiPe 2016 V 1.04 midpoint and endpoint module has been used for carrying out the impact assessment. The results of the LCA impact assessment showed that the ultrasonic-assisted grinding performed using ultrasonically atomized cutting fluid exhibited the least adverse effects on the environment as compared to other mentioned counterparts. The cutting fluid and power consumption has been found significant contributor for the environment. The results obtained from LCA analysis can be utilized as a basis for sustainability assessment framework in the grinding of advanced materials.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114228891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyber Manufacturing Systems (CMS) brings improvements to the manufacturing system and offers an information-transparent environment. Although CMS’s enhanced system brings many advantages to its manufacturing process, it is at a higher risk of security breach ironically due to its accessibility and connectivity. Therefore, implementing CMS without adequate security measures will make the system vulnerable to intruders including insiders. To identify insider threats, a risk assessment-based framework has been explored by many researchers in the information security community. however, less work has been done to analyze CMS’s vulnerabilities. Therefore, an Insider Attack Scenario Assessment Framework (IASAF) is proposed in this paper. IASAF is developed to detect the system’s security vulnerabilities and evaluate the insider attack scenarios by using five domains including: actor, preparation, implementation, consequence, and recovery. To validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework, a testbed was used to study a case.
{"title":"Insider Attack Scenario Assessment Framework","authors":"Jinwoo Song, Xinyu He, Y. Moon","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-69907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69907","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cyber Manufacturing Systems (CMS) brings improvements to the manufacturing system and offers an information-transparent environment. Although CMS’s enhanced system brings many advantages to its manufacturing process, it is at a higher risk of security breach ironically due to its accessibility and connectivity. Therefore, implementing CMS without adequate security measures will make the system vulnerable to intruders including insiders. To identify insider threats, a risk assessment-based framework has been explored by many researchers in the information security community. however, less work has been done to analyze CMS’s vulnerabilities. Therefore, an Insider Attack Scenario Assessment Framework (IASAF) is proposed in this paper. IASAF is developed to detect the system’s security vulnerabilities and evaluate the insider attack scenarios by using five domains including: actor, preparation, implementation, consequence, and recovery. To validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework, a testbed was used to study a case.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129996834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The complex cylindrical thin-walled parts have been widely used in manufacturing field with high precision requirement of wall thickness. However, due to the existence of initial uncertain manufacturing deviations, such as blank casting errors, initial shape deviations and clamping deformations, there will be a large geometric deviation between real blank workpiece and theoretical design model. In order to solve the problem in lacking of reliable geometrical model for trajectory planning in face milling of complex cylindrical thin-walled parts, this paper proposes a method for accurate modeling and characterization of wall thickness considering the uncertain geometric deviations based on point cloud reconstruction. First, based on feature extraction and meshing process of point clouds measured with high-definition metrology both for inner and outer surfaces, subregions of each point cloud are adaptively fitted into small curved surfaces. And then NURBS surfaces are applied to connect adjacent subregions in order to form a high-precision solid model of entire workpiece. Furthermore, a characterization method of real wall thickness in milling areas is proposed. Based on the sampling mesh nodes of inner surface being the interesting points for milling areas, wall thicknesses are characterizing as distances between those sampling nodes and the outer meshed surface with an improved KD-Tree algorithm. Based on the proposed method, a meshed CAD model of real workpiece can be constructed with an error range within 0.2mm; and the wall thicknesses of milling areas can be characterized by the extracted sampling nodes. It provided an efficient methodology for geometric modeling and characterization of wall thickness of complex cylindrical thin-walled parts, which is useful for milling trajectory planning.
{"title":"Geometric Modeling and Characterization of Wall Thickness for Complex Cylindrical Thin-Walled Parts With Uncertain Manufacturing Deviations","authors":"Pengyuan Chen, Shun Liu, Sun Jin, Qunfei Gu","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73185","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The complex cylindrical thin-walled parts have been widely used in manufacturing field with high precision requirement of wall thickness. However, due to the existence of initial uncertain manufacturing deviations, such as blank casting errors, initial shape deviations and clamping deformations, there will be a large geometric deviation between real blank workpiece and theoretical design model. In order to solve the problem in lacking of reliable geometrical model for trajectory planning in face milling of complex cylindrical thin-walled parts, this paper proposes a method for accurate modeling and characterization of wall thickness considering the uncertain geometric deviations based on point cloud reconstruction. First, based on feature extraction and meshing process of point clouds measured with high-definition metrology both for inner and outer surfaces, subregions of each point cloud are adaptively fitted into small curved surfaces. And then NURBS surfaces are applied to connect adjacent subregions in order to form a high-precision solid model of entire workpiece. Furthermore, a characterization method of real wall thickness in milling areas is proposed. Based on the sampling mesh nodes of inner surface being the interesting points for milling areas, wall thicknesses are characterizing as distances between those sampling nodes and the outer meshed surface with an improved KD-Tree algorithm. Based on the proposed method, a meshed CAD model of real workpiece can be constructed with an error range within 0.2mm; and the wall thicknesses of milling areas can be characterized by the extracted sampling nodes. It provided an efficient methodology for geometric modeling and characterization of wall thickness of complex cylindrical thin-walled parts, which is useful for milling trajectory planning.","PeriodicalId":113474,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130830754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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