The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World最新文献

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The pandemic and the informal sector of India 大流行病与印度的非正规部门

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World

Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-20

A. Kundu, Manojit Bhattacharjee, Pratip Kumar Datta, K. Sadhu, Saumya Chakrabarti

The spectre of Covid-19 and the nation-wide lockdown have threatened the very existence of the large informal sector of India. In this context, we undertake a study with two objectives. First, we examine the extent of vulnerability with probable job losses across the informal sector and some of its immediate economic consequences. Subsequently, the study proposes a strategic intervention in the informal sector with a series of short-, medium- and long-run measures. While the short-run measures emphasize providing food via various means, the medium-run interventions are intended to sustain livelihood through un/conditional cash transfers. The study argues analytically that such food and cash transfers could be undertaken maintaining macroeconomic balance and these processes could have long-run implications too. Finally, we advocate for a long-run strategy of forming/inducing clusters of informal firms: Either physically for manufacturing or virtual clustering for services. Clusters could act as collectives having synergic effects, despite being governed by the principles of private ownership, and could offer the tiny enterprises an edge in handling their conflicts and complementarities with the global capital. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.

Covid-19的幽灵和全国范围内的封锁已经威胁到印度大型非正规部门的存在。在此背景下，我们进行了一项有两个目标的研究。首先，我们考察了整个非正规部门的脆弱性程度及其可能造成的失业，以及一些直接的经济后果。随后，本研究提出了一系列短期、中期和长期措施对非正规部门进行战略性干预。虽然短期措施强调通过各种手段提供粮食，但中期干预措施旨在通过无条件现金转移维持生计。该研究分析认为，这种粮食和现金转移可以维持宏观经济平衡，这些过程也可能产生长期影响。最后，我们提倡形成/诱导非正式企业集群的长期战略:无论是实体的制造业集群还是虚拟的服务业集群。集群可以作为具有协同效应的集体，尽管受私有制原则的支配，并且可以使小型企业在处理其冲突和与全球资本相辅相成方面具有优势。©2022选择和编辑事项，Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar和Soumyen Sikdar;个人章节，贡献者。

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引用次数: 0

India's Lockdown*

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World

Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781003220145-5

Debraj Ray, S. Subramanian, L. Vandewalle

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, a prolonged and stringent lockdown unaccompanied by adequate State provisioning of welfare support could lead to distress and loss of life in developing countries like India. The problem is particularly acute in settings with widespread informality and casual labor arrangements, along with inadequate private savings to withstand a crisis. Lives compromised by the rigors of lockdown would then need to be weighed against lives rescued from Covid-19 infection, with the further complication of reckoning whose lives - either lost or saved - would be involved in the tradeoff. This leads to what might be termed a “lives versus lives” perspective on the problem. That perspective, while still favoring a lockdown - provided compensatory relief measures are fully implemented - leads to the prescription of a relaxed lockdown when those measures are inadequate. Such a prescription is strengthened when the vast majority of the population is under the age of 60. In the relaxed lockdown, the working-age population is allowed to work, while affording protection to the elderly and pursuing a relentless campaign of testing, tracing and quarantining. This approach to the problem is discussed in the present chapter. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar and Soumyen Sikdar;individual chapters, the contributors.

为应对2019冠状病毒病大流行，在没有国家提供足够福利支持的情况下，长期和严格的封锁可能会给印度等发展中国家带来痛苦和生命损失。在非正规劳动和临时劳动安排普遍存在、私人储蓄不足以抵御危机的情况下，这个问题尤其严重。因此，需要将严格封锁造成的生命损失与从Covid-19感染中获救的生命进行权衡，并进一步计算谁的生命——无论是失去的还是拯救的——将涉及权衡。这导致了可能被称为“生命对生命”的观点。这种观点虽然仍然赞成封锁——前提是补偿性救济措施得到充分实施——但导致在这些措施不够时放松封锁。当绝大多数人口年龄在60岁以下时，这种处方会得到加强。在放松的封锁中，适龄劳动人口可以工作，同时为老年人提供保护，并开展不懈的检测、追踪和隔离运动。本章将讨论这种解决问题的方法。©2022选择和编辑事项，Rajib Bhattacharyya, Ananya Ghosh Dastidar和Soumyen Sikdar;个人章节，贡献者。

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引用次数: 19

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