Critical reviews in oncology/hematology最新文献

英文中文

Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with standard of care for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104668

Long Chen , Jin-Nian He , Shi-Jie Zhao , Li-Ping Peng , Dun-Chang Mo , Shi-Hua Yin

Objectives

Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy (RT) combined with cetuximab (for cisplatin-ineligible patients) is the standard of care (SoC) for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). This study investigates whether adding programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to standard therapy improves survival in patients with LA-HNSCC.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus SoC compared with SoC alone for LA-HNSCC. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), locoregional event-free survival (LEFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) at the 1-year and 2-year time points, as well as the incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs).

Results

Four RCTs encompassing 1818 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with SoC alone, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with SoC did not significantly improve 1-year or 2-year PFS, OS, LEFS, or DMFS (all p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses further showed no survival benefit at 2 years in the ICI + CRT, ICI + RT-cetuximab, anti-PD-1, or anti-PD-L1 subgroups. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade 3 or higher AEs between the combined and SoC-only groups (p = 0.69).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that adding PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to standard therapy does not enhance 1-year or 2-year survival for patients with LA-HNSCC, and confers a similar severe safety profile.

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with standard of care for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Long Chen , Jin-Nian He , Shi-Jie Zhao , Li-Ping Peng , Dun-Chang Mo , Shi-Hua Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy (RT) combined with cetuximab (for cisplatin-ineligible patients) is the standard of care (SoC) for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). This study investigates whether adding programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to standard therapy improves survival in patients with LA-HNSCC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus SoC compared with SoC alone for LA-HNSCC. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), locoregional event-free survival (LEFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) at the 1-year and 2-year time points, as well as the incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four RCTs encompassing 1818 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with SoC alone, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with SoC did not significantly improve 1-year or 2-year PFS, OS, LEFS, or DMFS (all p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses further showed no survival benefit at 2 years in the ICI + CRT, ICI + RT-cetuximab, anti-PD-1, or anti-PD-L1 subgroups. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade 3 or higher AEs between the combined and SoC-only groups (p = 0.69).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that adding PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to standard therapy does not enhance 1-year or 2-year survival for patients with LA-HNSCC, and confers a similar severe safety profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 104668"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outcomes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy in solid tumours – A systematic review and meta analysis

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104671

Ullas Mony , Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan

Background

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) treatment is an individualized method of treating different types of solid tumors by using the immune system of the body to target and destroy cancer cells. Although its usefulness has been shown in certain diseases, such as ovarian cancer and melanoma, research is still being done to see whether it is also beneficial against a wider variety of solid tumors.

Aim

To methodically assess the safety, effectiveness, and clinical results of TIL therapy for various solid tumors.

Methodology

A thorough search in various databases produced 218 papers on TIL treatment for various solid tumors (2018–2024). Nine of the ten papers that satisfied the requirements for inclusion in the quantitative analysis were also included in the systematic review. Two reviewers separately extracted the data and evaluated it. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool were used to evaluate the quality of the studies, and the I2 statistic in the meta-analysis was used to measure heterogeneity.

Results

Numerous studies that looked at the effectiveness of TIL treatment in different types of cancer showed different results. In NSCLC and melanoma, higher CD8+/CD4+ TIL ratios were associated with improved outcomes; in advanced melanoma, TIL therapy was superior to ipilimumab. Response rates differed, with NSCLC showing up at 23.1 % and melanoma up to 53.3 %. Most studies were of good quality and is confirmed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, while some had problems with follow-up. The results' dependability was confirmed by the ROBINS-I and ROB2 tools, which showed low to moderate bias risk.

Conclusion

According to the study's findings, TIL therapy is effective in treating solid tumors, especially melanoma, but its results vary according to the kind of cancer as well as tumour microenvironments. Therefore more research is needed to determine the best course of action.

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引用次数: 0

Systemic immune-inflammation index as a predictor of survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104669

Ye Zhang, Yeye Chen, Chao Guo, Shanqing Li, Cheng Huang

Background

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) levels and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for PFS and OS were extracted or calculated. Random-effects models were employed to pool the results and subgroup analyses were performed based on study characteristics, treatment regimens, and analytical methods.

Results

Two prospective and 11 retrospective studies involving 2342 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs were included. A high pretreatment SII was significantly associated with poor PFS (HR: 2.05, 95 % CI: 1.59–2.64, p < 0.001; I² = 42 %) and poor OS (HR: 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.29–1.82, p < 0.001; I² = 22 %). Subgroup analyses according to the country of the study, lines of treatment, cancer stage, methods for determining the cutoffs of SII, and the analytic models showed consistent results (p for subgroup difference all > 0.05). Interestingly, the subgroup analyses indicated a stronger association in patients receiving ICIs alone versus those receiving concurrent chemotherapy (p for subgroup difference = 0.04).

Conclusions

High pretreatment SII is associated with worse PFS and OS in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs, particularly for the patients receiving ICIs alone without concurrent chemotherapy.

{"title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index as a predictor of survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ye Zhang, Yeye Chen, Chao Guo, Shanqing Li, Cheng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) levels and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for PFS and OS were extracted or calculated. Random-effects models were employed to pool the results and subgroup analyses were performed based on study characteristics, treatment regimens, and analytical methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two prospective and 11 retrospective studies involving 2342 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs were included. A high pretreatment SII was significantly associated with poor PFS (HR: 2.05, 95 % CI: 1.59–2.64, <em>p</em> < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup> = 42 %) and poor OS (HR: 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.29–1.82, <em>p</em> < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup> = 22 %). Subgroup analyses according to the country of the study, lines of treatment, cancer stage, methods for determining the cutoffs of SII, and the analytic models showed consistent results (p for subgroup difference all > 0.05). Interestingly, the subgroup analyses indicated a stronger association in patients receiving ICIs alone versus those receiving concurrent chemotherapy (p for subgroup difference = 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High pretreatment SII is associated with worse PFS and OS in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs, particularly for the patients receiving ICIs alone without concurrent chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 104669"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Signaling pathways in glioblastoma 胶质母细胞瘤的信号通路。

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104647

Isabella Gomes , Renato José da Silva Oliveira , Ana Paula Girol

Cancer is one of the main public health problems worldwide. Among tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), glioblastoma (GBM) affects 49.1 % of malignant brain tumors, and despite standard treatment, patients diagnosed with GBM have a dismal prognosis, a high rate of recurrence after tumor resection and poor survival. Since 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) has included molecular biomarkers in the classification of these tumors, as knowing the heterogeneity and possible genetic changes allows for new therapeutic possibilities. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of epidemiology and classification, as well as changes in signaling pathways resulting from genetic alterations that affect crucial factors in tumorigenesis, response to treatment and prognosis. Therefore, understanding and characterizing the vast genetic heterogeneity of GBM, both genetic and epigenetic alterations, enable a greater comprehension of the pathogenesis of this tumor, potentially helping to bring new therapeutic approaches and personalization of treatment through the different genetic alterations in each patient.

{"title":"Signaling pathways in glioblastoma","authors":"Isabella Gomes , Renato José da Silva Oliveira , Ana Paula Girol","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer is one of the main public health problems worldwide. Among tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), glioblastoma (GBM) affects 49.1 % of malignant brain tumors, and despite standard treatment, patients diagnosed with GBM have a dismal prognosis, a high rate of recurrence after tumor resection and poor survival. Since 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) has included molecular biomarkers in the classification of these tumors, as knowing the heterogeneity and possible genetic changes allows for new therapeutic possibilities. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of epidemiology and classification, as well as changes in signaling pathways resulting from genetic alterations that affect crucial factors in tumorigenesis, response to treatment and prognosis. Therefore, understanding and characterizing the vast genetic heterogeneity of GBM, both genetic and epigenetic alterations, enable a greater comprehension of the pathogenesis of this tumor, potentially helping to bring new therapeutic approaches and personalization of treatment through the different genetic alterations in each patient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 104647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of cGAS-STING in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment induced by radiotherapy

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104658

Qingyu Jiang , Zhiheng Chen , Jin Jiang , Qianping Chen , Huiyin Lan , Ji Zhu , Wei Mao

The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway occurs when tumor cell DNA is damaged by ionizing radiation. Once triggered, this pathway reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment by promoting the maturation, activation, polarization, and immune-killing capacity of immune cells, as well as by inducing the release of interferons and the expression of immune-related genes. In addition, the gut microbiota and various mechanisms of programmed cell death interact with the cGAS-STING pathway, further influencing its function in remodeling the immune microenvironment after radiotherapy. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment post-radiotherapy can not only optimize the efficacy of combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy but also provide new research directions and potential targets for cancer treatment.

引用次数: 0

Predictors of prognosis and overall survival in pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: A systematic review

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104660

Rishabh Sachdeva, Priya Kumar, Bhaskar Narayan, Jeyaseelan Augustine, Aadithya B. Urs

This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of different clinicopathological parameters on the prognosis and survival of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in the pediatric population. It was conducted according to the recommendations of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement). All case reports, case series and observational studies were searched from the following databases: Medline (By PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase. Cases other than salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma, cases with less than one-year follow-up and articles without any information on recurrence or survival were excluded. Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies by The Joanna Briggs Institute was used for risk of bias assessment. Data was extracted and recorded using Excel spreadsheets. Chi-Square test and Kaplan Meier analysis were used. A total of 697 articles were screened, 42 were retrieved for full text screening and 30 articles were selected. Studies with similar methodologies and outcomes were categorized together. The average risk of bias was low. Data was extracted for 143 cases. Prognostic factors that were associated with poor survival outcomes were male gender, TNM staging, tumor grade, margins, lymphovascular and perineural invasion and choice of treatment. Multivariate analysis from all studies were assimilated to calculate an overall predictive strength of each parameter for prognosis and survival. This review concludes that such clinicopathological parameters are valuable prognostic predictors of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in pediatric population and are essential for proper treatment planning and post-treatment quality of life.

{"title":"Predictors of prognosis and overall survival in pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: A systematic review","authors":"Rishabh Sachdeva, Priya Kumar, Bhaskar Narayan, Jeyaseelan Augustine, Aadithya B. Urs","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of different clinicopathological parameters on the prognosis and survival of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in the pediatric population. It was conducted according to the recommendations of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement). All case reports, case series and observational studies were searched from the following databases: Medline (By PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase. Cases other than salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma, cases with less than one-year follow-up and articles without any information on recurrence or survival were excluded. Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies by The Joanna Briggs Institute was used for risk of bias assessment. Data was extracted and recorded using Excel spreadsheets. Chi-Square test and Kaplan Meier analysis were used. A total of 697 articles were screened, 42 were retrieved for full text screening and 30 articles were selected. Studies with similar methodologies and outcomes were categorized together. The average risk of bias was low. Data was extracted for 143 cases. Prognostic factors that were associated with poor survival outcomes were male gender, TNM staging, tumor grade, margins, lymphovascular and perineural invasion and choice of treatment. Multivariate analysis from all studies were assimilated to calculate an overall predictive strength of each parameter for prognosis and survival. This review concludes that such clinicopathological parameters are valuable prognostic predictors of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in pediatric population and are essential for proper treatment planning and post-treatment quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 104660"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance of CpG-oligonucleotide DSP30 and interleukin-2 in the cytogenetic study of mature B-cell neoplasms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104659

Eder Cano-Pérez , Génesis García-Díaz

Traditional B-cell mitogens often fail to promote effective cell division in vitro for mature B-cell neoplasms, hindering chromosome analysis. The combination of DSP30 and IL-2 (DSP30/IL-2) has been suggested as a better alternative. This review evaluates DSP30/IL-2 efficiency using a systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 studies. Studies comparing the successful culture rate (SCR) and/or abnormalities detection rate (ADR) of DSP30/IL-2 against traditional mitogens and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were included. Subgroup analyses were performed for cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CCL) and other B-cell neoplasms (OBCN). The findings show no significant difference in SCR between DSP30/IL-2 and traditional mitogens, but DSP30/IL-2 significantly increases ADR. However, DSP30/IL-2's ADR is lower than that of FISH. Analyses by CLL and OBCN subgroups showed similar results. Overall, DSP30/IL-2 is a superior alternative for cytogenetic studies in mature B-cell neoplasms.

引用次数: 0

Nanobots: The current scenario

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104652

Dr. Shalini Gupta, Dr. Arushi Tomar, Dr. Lakshmi Manohar, Dr. Payal Panwar

The detection and treatment of cancer could be completely transformed by the application of nanotechnology. New nanoscale targeting methods have emerged as a result of advancements in materials science and protein engineering, giving cancer patients new hope. Only a small number of nanocarriers have been approved for clinical usage in targeting cancer cells, despite the fact that many have been licensed for human studies. We examine a few of the approved formulations in this study and talk about the difficulties in transferring laboratory results to clinical settings. This review emphasises the inherent challenges in cancer therapy as well as the different nanocarriers and chemicals that can be used for specific tumour targeting. Future advancements in cancer detection and therapy could be facilitated by nanotechnology, but still the area remains vast and more clinical as well as laboratory trails are the need of the hour to overcome the present barriers and align the discovery of the potential application of nanobots from a mere lab work to a full-fledged clinical and translational work.

引用次数: 0

Revolutionizing prostate cancer therapy: Artificial intelligence – Based nanocarriers for precision diagnosis and treatment

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104653

Maryam Shirzad , Afsaneh Salahvarzi , Sobia Razzaq , Mohammad Javad Javid-Naderi , Abbas Rahdar , Sonia Fathi-karkan , Azam Ghadami , Zelal Kharaba , Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira

Prostate cancer is one of the major health challenges in the world and needs novel therapeutic approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional treatment. This review delineates the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AL) in enhancing nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for prostate cancer therapy. With its ability to optimize nanocarrier design and predict drug delivery kinetics, AI has revolutionized personalized treatment planning in oncology. We discuss how AI can be integrated with nanotechnology to address challenges related to tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and systemic toxicity. Emphasis is placed on strong AI-driven advancements in the design of nanocarriers, structural optimization, targeting of ligands, and pharmacokinetics. We also give an overview of how AI can better predict toxicity, reduce costs, and enable personalized medicine. While challenges persist in the way of data accessibility, regulatory hurdles, and interactions with the immune system, future directions based on explainable AI (XAI) models, integration of multimodal data, and green nanocarrier designs promise to move the field forward. Convergence between AI and nanotechnology has been one key step toward safer, more effective, and patient-tailored cancer therapy.

{"title":"Revolutionizing prostate cancer therapy: Artificial intelligence – Based nanocarriers for precision diagnosis and treatment","authors":"Maryam Shirzad , Afsaneh Salahvarzi , Sobia Razzaq , Mohammad Javad Javid-Naderi , Abbas Rahdar , Sonia Fathi-karkan , Azam Ghadami , Zelal Kharaba , Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate cancer is one of the major health challenges in the world and needs novel therapeutic approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional treatment. This review delineates the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AL) in enhancing nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for prostate cancer therapy. With its ability to optimize nanocarrier design and predict drug delivery kinetics, AI has revolutionized personalized treatment planning in oncology. We discuss how AI can be integrated with nanotechnology to address challenges related to tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and systemic toxicity. Emphasis is placed on strong AI-driven advancements in the design of nanocarriers, structural optimization, targeting of ligands, and pharmacokinetics. We also give an overview of how AI can better predict toxicity, reduce costs, and enable personalized medicine. While challenges persist in the way of data accessibility, regulatory hurdles, and interactions with the immune system, future directions based on explainable AI (XAI) models, integration of multimodal data, and green nanocarrier designs promise to move the field forward. Convergence between AI and nanotechnology has been one key step toward safer, more effective, and patient-tailored cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 104653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HER2-targeted therapies: Unraveling their role in biliary tract cancers

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104655

Charalampos Theocharopoulos , Ioannis A. Ziogas , Benedetto Mungo , Helen Gogas , Dimitrios C. Ziogas , Elissaios Kontis

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) constitute a heterogeneous group of malignancies with rising incidence and limited therapeutic options in advanced stages, leading to increased overall mortality. Extensive genomic profiling has identified key oncogenic drivers in BTCs that represent promising therapeutic targets and could change the treatment paradigm. Evidence suggests improved survival outcomes for patients with actionable molecular alterations who received matched targeted therapies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase and proto-oncogene that has been extensively studied as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in multiple solid organ malignancies. Recent clinical trials on the combination of trastuzumab with tucatinib, FOLFOX, or pertuzumab for previously treated, HER2-positive, advanced BTCs have shown improved outcomes compared to current second-line therapies. Early evidence from observational studies on trastuzumab-containing regimens as first-line suggests promising efficacy. Furthermore, the recent tumor-agnostic approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2-positive solid tumors has formally introduced HER2-directed agents in the BTC therapeutic arsenal. This review aims to summarize the rapidly evolving landscape of HER2-directed agents for BTCs, highlighting current evidence of survival benefit. Beginning with a concise presentation of the structural and functional aspects of HER2, we detail the frequency and prognostic significance of HER2 alterations in BTCs and discuss all available preclinical and clinical data on anti-HER2 agents tested for BTCs.

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