Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104482
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) occuring during pregnancy is a rare condition, and management relies on sparse literature. The specificity of pregnancy requires the clinician to take into account the clinical emergency, the stage of the lymphoma, the trimester of pregnancy, and the patient's choices. The main objective is twofold: to limit the risk of toxicity and adverse events for both mother and fetus, without reducing the chances of a successful outcome. Current literature data suggest that the use of ABVD-type polychemotherapy (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) is associated with obstetrical events and long-term fetal toxicity. We report here the results of a homogeneous management considering wait-and-see, vinblastine monotherapy and ABVD polychemotherapy options. The outcomes in terms of obstetrical complications, response rate, and overall survival (100 %) reinforce the idea that strategies that do not involve the use of multidrug therapy are possible and are associated with very good results.
{"title":"Management of Hodgkin Lymphoma during pregnancy, review of the literature and description of an homogenous expectative attitude associated with excellent outcome.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) occuring during pregnancy is a rare condition, and management relies on sparse literature. The specificity of pregnancy requires the clinician to take into account the clinical emergency, the stage of the lymphoma, the trimester of pregnancy, and the patient's choices. The main objective is twofold: to limit the risk of toxicity and adverse events for both mother and fetus, without reducing the chances of a successful outcome. Current literature data suggest that the use of ABVD-type polychemotherapy (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) is associated with obstetrical events and long-term fetal toxicity. We report here the results of a homogeneous management considering wait-and-see, vinblastine monotherapy and ABVD polychemotherapy options. The outcomes in terms of obstetrical complications, response rate, and overall survival (100 %) reinforce the idea that strategies that do not involve the use of multidrug therapy are possible and are associated with very good results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104466
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Surrogate endpoints in phase III randomized trials of advanced gastroesophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis” [Crit. Rev. Oncol./Hematol. 201 (2024) 104416]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040842824002099/pdfft?md5=8747da7c73c1b8b6325c92c3f9bf325c&pid=1-s2.0-S1040842824002099-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104467
Background
Pediatric oncology patients have increased risk for critical illness; outcomes are well described in high-income countries (HICs); however, data is limited for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Global Health databases for articles in 6 languages describing mortality in children with cancer admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in LMICs. Two investigators independently assessed eligibility, data quality, and extracted data. We pooled ICU mortality estimates using random effect models.
Results
Of 3641 studies identified, 22 studies were included, covering 4803 ICU admissions. Overall pooled mortality was 30.3 % [95 % Confidence-interval (CI) 21.7–40.6 %]. Mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 12.2, 95 %CI:6.2–24.0, p-value<0.001] and vasoactive infusions [OR 6.3 95 %CI:3.3–11.9, p-value<0.001] were associated with ICU mortality.
Conclusions
ICU mortality among pediatric oncology patients in LMICs is similar to that in HICs, however, this review likely underestimates true mortality due to underrepresentation of studies from low-income countries.
背景:儿科肿瘤患者罹患危重病的风险增加;高收入国家(HICs)对危重病的治疗效果有详细描述,但中低收入国家(LMICs)的数据有限:儿科肿瘤患者罹患危重病的风险增加;高收入国家(HICs)的结果描述详尽;但中低收入国家(LMICs)的数据有限:我们在 PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、CINAHL 和 Global Health 数据库中系统检索了 6 种语言的文章,这些文章描述了在低收入和中等收入国家重症监护室 (ICU) 中收治的癌症患儿的死亡率。由两名研究人员独立评估资格、数据质量并提取数据。我们使用随机效应模型汇总了重症监护室死亡率的估计值:在确定的 3,641 项研究中,纳入了 22 项研究,涵盖 4,803 例 ICU 住院患者。汇总的总死亡率为 30.3% [95% 置信区间 (CI) 21.7-40.6%]。机械通气[几率比(OR)12.2,95%CI:6.2-24.0,P值结论:低收入国家儿科肿瘤患者在重症监护室的死亡率与高收入国家相似,但由于低收入国家的研究代表性不足,本综述可能低估了真实死亡率。
{"title":"The burden of pediatric critical illness among pediatric oncology patients in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pediatric oncology patients have increased risk for critical illness; outcomes are well described in high-income countries (HICs); however, data is limited for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Global Health databases for articles in 6 languages describing mortality in children with cancer admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in LMICs. Two investigators independently assessed eligibility, data quality, and extracted data. We pooled ICU mortality estimates using random effect models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 3641 studies identified, 22 studies were included, covering 4803 ICU admissions. Overall pooled mortality was 30.3 % [95 % Confidence-interval (CI) 21.7–40.6 %]. Mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 12.2, 95 %CI:6.2–24.0, p-value<0.001] and vasoactive infusions [OR 6.3 95 %CI:3.3–11.9, p-value<0.001] were associated with ICU mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ICU mortality among pediatric oncology patients in LMICs is similar to that in HICs, however, this review likely underestimates true mortality due to underrepresentation of studies from low-income countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040842824002105/pdfft?md5=7bfd42842e40f707c172f42abab6e8dc&pid=1-s2.0-S1040842824002105-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104471
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a subtype of immune cells that infiltrate and accumulate within tumors. Studies proved that TILs can be used as prognostic and predictive markers for cancer patients' responses to immunotherapy. This review explores the modern knowledge of TILs, the challenges and opportunities for utilizing TILs in cancer treatment, such as the rise of therapies under TIL circumstances, the identification of biomarkers for TIL activity, and methods used to isolate and expand TILs for therapeutic use. Ongoing clinical trials and promising results in different cancer types are highlighted, including melanoma, ovarian, and colorectal cancer. This also focuses on ongoing efforts to improve TIL-based therapies by identifying the specific subsets of TILs that are most effective in treating cancer and developing methods to increase the functionality and persistence of TILs in the tumor microenvironment. The article recapitulates the present state TILs therapy, ongoing research, and improvements to its potency.
肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)是免疫细胞的一种亚型,会浸润并积聚在肿瘤内。研究证明,TILs 可用作癌症患者对免疫疗法反应的预后和预测标志物。这篇综述探讨了 TILs 的现代知识、在癌症治疗中利用 TILs 所面临的挑战和机遇,如 TIL 环境下疗法的兴起、TIL 活性生物标志物的确定以及用于治疗的 TILs 分离和扩增方法。重点介绍了不同癌症类型(包括黑色素瘤、卵巢癌和结直肠癌)中正在进行的临床试验和有希望的结果。文章还重点介绍了目前为改进基于 TIL 的疗法所做的努力,包括确定治疗癌症最有效的特定 TIL 亚群,以及开发提高 TIL 在肿瘤微环境中的功能性和持久性的方法。文章概述了TILs疗法的现状、正在进行的研究以及对其有效性的改进。
{"title":"Advancements in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: Historical insights, contemporary milestones, and future directions in oncology therapy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a subtype of immune cells that infiltrate and accumulate within tumors. Studies proved that TILs can be used as prognostic and predictive markers for cancer patients' responses to immunotherapy. This review explores the modern knowledge of TILs, the challenges and opportunities for utilizing TILs in cancer treatment, such as the rise of therapies under TIL circumstances, the identification of biomarkers for TIL activity, and methods used to isolate and expand TILs for therapeutic use. Ongoing clinical trials and promising results in different cancer types are highlighted, including melanoma, ovarian, and colorectal cancer. This also focuses on ongoing efforts to improve TIL-based therapies by identifying the specific subsets of TILs that are most effective in treating cancer and developing methods to increase the functionality and persistence of TILs in the tumor microenvironment. The article recapitulates the present state TILs therapy, ongoing research, and improvements to its potency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104459
Gliomas are one of the most aggressive types of brain tumors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, conventional treatments for gliomas such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have limited effectiveness, and new approaches are needed to improve patient outcomes. mRNA-based vaccines represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, including gliomas. Recent advances in immunotherapy using mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccines have shown great potential in preclinical and clinical trials. Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses. In this review, we summarize the current progress of mRNA-based vaccines for gliomas, with a focus on recent advances in dendritic cell-based mRNA vaccines. We also discuss the feasibility and safety of mRNA-based clinical applications for gliomas.
{"title":"Current mRNA-based vaccine strategies for glioma treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gliomas are one of the most aggressive types of brain tumors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, conventional treatments for gliomas such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have limited effectiveness, and new approaches are needed to improve patient outcomes. mRNA-based vaccines represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, including gliomas. Recent advances in immunotherapy using mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccines have shown great potential in preclinical and clinical trials. Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses. In this review, we summarize the current progress of mRNA-based vaccines for gliomas, with a focus on recent advances in dendritic cell-based mRNA vaccines. We also discuss the feasibility and safety of mRNA-based clinical applications for gliomas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104470
The liver is a frequent site of metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Despite significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the overall survival rate for patients afflicted with gastric cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) remains dismally low. Precision oncology has made significant progress in identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing our understanding of metastasis mechanisms through genome sequencing and molecular characterization. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the various molecular processes involved in GCLM and the fundamental principles of systemic therapy to develop new treatment approaches. This paper aims to review recent findings on the diagnosis, potential biomarkers, and therapies targeting the multiple molecular processes of GCLM, with the goal of improving treatment strategies for patients with GCLM.
{"title":"Genomic biology and therapeutic strategies of liver metastasis from gastric cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The liver is a frequent site of metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Despite significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the overall survival rate for patients afflicted with gastric cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) remains dismally low. Precision oncology has made significant progress in identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing our understanding of metastasis mechanisms through genome sequencing and molecular characterization. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the various molecular processes involved in GCLM and the fundamental principles of systemic therapy to develop new treatment approaches. This paper aims to review recent findings on the diagnosis, potential biomarkers, and therapies targeting the multiple molecular processes of GCLM, with the goal of improving treatment strategies for patients with GCLM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104469
Ovarian carcinoma remains the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy. Half of all high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) have a homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) with regard to the repair of double-strand DNA breaks and are candidate to receive maintenance treatment with PARP inhibitors. While a wealth of literature exists regarding the therapeutic guidance of patients from a medical standpoint, the influence of the HRD status on the surgical outlook has been comparatively limited. In this review, the clinical and biological features of advanced ovarian cancers with BRCA1/2 mutation and/or HRD status are considered with particular reference to their impact on the surgical management and on the medico-surgical sequence. The modification of the surgical indications according to the results of molecular testing in first-line and recurrent settings are discussed.
{"title":"Impact of molecular testing on the surgical management of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ovarian carcinoma remains the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy. Half of all high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) have a homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) with regard to the repair of double-strand DNA breaks and are candidate to receive maintenance treatment with PARP inhibitors. While a wealth of literature exists regarding the therapeutic guidance of patients from a medical standpoint, the influence of the HRD status on the surgical outlook has been comparatively limited. In this review, the clinical and biological features of advanced ovarian cancers with BRCA1/2 mutation and/or HRD status are considered with particular reference to their impact on the surgical management and on the medico-surgical sequence. The modification of the surgical indications according to the results of molecular testing in first-line and recurrent settings are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040842824002129/pdfft?md5=bbf6167333daf291f05c64a101faceaf&pid=1-s2.0-S1040842824002129-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104472
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have high specificity with lesser off-target effects, thus providing improved efficacy over traditional chemotherapies. A total of 14 ADCs have been approved for use against cancer by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with more than 100 ADCs currently in clinical trials. Of particular interest ADCs targeting immune antigens PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and integrins. Specifically, we describe ADCs in development along with the gene and protein expression of these immune checkpoints across a wide range of cancer types let url = window.clickTag || window.clickTag1 || window.clickTag2 || window.clickTag3 || window.clickTag4 || window.bsClickTAG || window.bsClickTAG1 || window.bsClickTAG2 || window.url || ''; if(typeof url == 'string'){ document.body.dataset['perxceptAdRedirectUrl'] = url;}
{"title":"Double agents in immunotherapy: Unmasking the role of antibody drug conjugates in immune checkpoint targeting","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have high specificity with lesser off-target effects, thus providing improved efficacy over traditional chemotherapies. A total of 14 ADCs have been approved for use against cancer by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with more than 100 ADCs currently in clinical trials. Of particular interest ADCs targeting immune antigens PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and integrins. Specifically, we describe ADCs in development along with the gene and protein expression of these immune checkpoints across a wide range of cancer types let url = window.clickTag || window.clickTag1 || window.clickTag2 || window.clickTag3 || window.clickTag4 || window.bsClickTAG || window.bsClickTAG1 || window.bsClickTAG2 || window.url || ''; if(typeof url == 'string'){ document.body.dataset['perxceptAdRedirectUrl'] = url;}</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104468
This study elucidates the intricate relationship between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a significant malignancy predominant in Asia with notable global incidence and mortality rates, and the host microbiota, including those of tumour, nasal, nasopharyngeal, oral, oropharyngeal, and gut communities. It underscores how the composition and diversity of microbiota are altered in NPC, delving into their implications for disease pathogenesis, treatment response, and the side effects of therapies. A consistent reduction in alpha diversity across oral, nasal, and gut microbiomes in NPC patients compared to healthy individuals signals a distinct microbial signature indicative of the diseased state. The study also shows unique microbial changes tied to different NPC stages, indicating a dynamic interplay between disease progression and microbiota composition. Patients with specific microbial profiles exhibit varied responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, underscoring the potential for treatment personalisation based on microbiota analysis. Furthermore, the side effects of NPC treatments, such as oral mucositis, are intensified by shifts in microbial communities, suggesting a direct link between microbiota composition and treatment tolerance. This nexus offers opportunities for interventions aimed at modulating the microbiota to alleviate side effects, improve quality of life, and potentially enhance treatment efficacy. Highlighting the dual potential of microbiota as both a therapeutic target and a biomarker for NPC, this review emphasises its significance in influencing treatment outcomes and side effects, heralding a new era in NPC management through personalised treatment strategies and innovative approaches.
{"title":"Interconnected influences of tumour and host microbiota on treatment response and side effects in nasopharyngeal cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study elucidates the intricate relationship between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a significant malignancy predominant in Asia with notable global incidence and mortality rates, and the host microbiota, including those of tumour, nasal, nasopharyngeal, oral, oropharyngeal, and gut communities. It underscores how the composition and diversity of microbiota are altered in NPC, delving into their implications for disease pathogenesis, treatment response, and the side effects of therapies. A consistent reduction in alpha diversity across oral, nasal, and gut microbiomes in NPC patients compared to healthy individuals signals a distinct microbial signature indicative of the diseased state. The study also shows unique microbial changes tied to different NPC stages, indicating a dynamic interplay between disease progression and microbiota composition. Patients with specific microbial profiles exhibit varied responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, underscoring the potential for treatment personalisation based on microbiota analysis. Furthermore, the side effects of NPC treatments, such as oral mucositis, are intensified by shifts in microbial communities, suggesting a direct link between microbiota composition and treatment tolerance. This nexus offers opportunities for interventions aimed at modulating the microbiota to alleviate side effects, improve quality of life, and potentially enhance treatment efficacy. Highlighting the dual potential of microbiota as both a therapeutic target and a biomarker for NPC, this review emphasises its significance in influencing treatment outcomes and side effects, heralding a new era in NPC management through personalised treatment strategies and innovative approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040842824002117/pdfft?md5=a7cbd545e2dc35c7b5ee63b2dfbaaa41&pid=1-s2.0-S1040842824002117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104461
The treatment of thoracic tumors with ionizing radiation can cause radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), which includes radiation pneumonitis and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Preventing RILI is crucial for controlling tumor growth and improving quality of life. However, the serious adverse effects of traditional RILI treatment methods remain a major obstacle, necessitating the development of novel treatment options that are both safe and effective. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of RILI and explores novel treatment options, including natural compounds, gene therapy, nanomaterials, and mesenchymal stem cells. These recent experimental approaches show potential as effective prevention and treatment options for RILI in clinical practice.
{"title":"Pathogenic mechanisms and latest therapeutic approaches for radiation-induced lung injury: A narrative review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The treatment of thoracic tumors with ionizing radiation can cause radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), which includes radiation pneumonitis and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Preventing RILI is crucial for controlling tumor growth and improving quality of life. However, the serious adverse effects of traditional RILI treatment methods remain a major obstacle, necessitating the development of novel treatment options that are both safe and effective. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of RILI and explores novel treatment options, including natural compounds, gene therapy, nanomaterials, and mesenchymal stem cells. These recent experimental approaches show potential as effective prevention and treatment options for RILI in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11358,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in oncology/hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}