Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2073869
Miranda Novak, Toni Maglica, Mirjana Radetić Paić
Abstract This study aimed to determine the contribution of family, school, and peer characteristics in alcohol and marijuana use. Since it is focused on adolescent relationships with their environment, the Primary Socialisation Theory was used as a theoretical background. A total of 6788 adolescents from different secondary school programmes participated in the research. The CTC questionnaire for children and youth, the School Attachment Scale and the Commitment Scale, and the Adapted Resilience and Youth Development Module were used. Besides calculating the descriptive parameters, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used. The results indicate an increasing number of alcohol and marijuana use among male at higher school classes. Caring family relations have shown to be a strong protective factor for alcohol and marijuana use. In a school context, a low commitment to school tasks, skipping school, and low school success are predictors of alcohol and marijuana use. Caring peer relationships have also shown to be predictors of drinking and marijuana use, while the probability for consumption got lower among adolescents reporting about hanging out with peers who hold high expectations. Presented results are emphasizing the importance of investing in quality of adolescent relationships with their environment, and making a strong case for preventive investments.
{"title":"School, family, and peer predictors of adolescent alcohol and marijuana use","authors":"Miranda Novak, Toni Maglica, Mirjana Radetić Paić","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2073869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2073869","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to determine the contribution of family, school, and peer characteristics in alcohol and marijuana use. Since it is focused on adolescent relationships with their environment, the Primary Socialisation Theory was used as a theoretical background. A total of 6788 adolescents from different secondary school programmes participated in the research. The CTC questionnaire for children and youth, the School Attachment Scale and the Commitment Scale, and the Adapted Resilience and Youth Development Module were used. Besides calculating the descriptive parameters, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used. The results indicate an increasing number of alcohol and marijuana use among male at higher school classes. Caring family relations have shown to be a strong protective factor for alcohol and marijuana use. In a school context, a low commitment to school tasks, skipping school, and low school success are predictors of alcohol and marijuana use. Caring peer relationships have also shown to be predictors of drinking and marijuana use, while the probability for consumption got lower among adolescents reporting about hanging out with peers who hold high expectations. Presented results are emphasizing the importance of investing in quality of adolescent relationships with their environment, and making a strong case for preventive investments.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"486 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74206469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2049214
L. Alexandrescu, J. Spicer
Abstract This paper proposes a stigma-vulnerability nexus as a critical incursion into understandings of and responses to drug-related social problems. Considering stigma and vulnerability as sites of ostensibly empathetic interventions that aim to mitigate the impact of illicit substances, it proposes that the two concepts are best deployed when located within the political economy of drug harms. Doing so foregrounds the material inequalities resulting from existing socio-economic arrangements and highlights the limitations of them being politically mobilised in purely cultural-interactional ways, which can serve to overlook structural conditions and justify harmful political choices. As a theoretical perspective, the stigma-vulnerability nexus is therefore concerned with the macro-structural factors that shape both concepts and how they intersect. To demonstrate its value as an analytic tool, it is first applied to the framing of ‘County Lines’ dealing, where senior gang members are stigmatised, but the wider drivers of vulnerability among the young people they exploit are overlooked. Secondly, the nexus is applied to the case of new psychoactive substances. Here, the perceived vulnerability of young people is used to justify responses that ultimately lead to amplified harms being displaced onto structurally disadvantaged populations such as the homeless and prison inmates, compounding their economic vulnerability and class stigma.
{"title":"The stigma-vulnerability nexus and the framing of drug problems","authors":"L. Alexandrescu, J. Spicer","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2049214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2049214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper proposes a stigma-vulnerability nexus as a critical incursion into understandings of and responses to drug-related social problems. Considering stigma and vulnerability as sites of ostensibly empathetic interventions that aim to mitigate the impact of illicit substances, it proposes that the two concepts are best deployed when located within the political economy of drug harms. Doing so foregrounds the material inequalities resulting from existing socio-economic arrangements and highlights the limitations of them being politically mobilised in purely cultural-interactional ways, which can serve to overlook structural conditions and justify harmful political choices. As a theoretical perspective, the stigma-vulnerability nexus is therefore concerned with the macro-structural factors that shape both concepts and how they intersect. To demonstrate its value as an analytic tool, it is first applied to the framing of ‘County Lines’ dealing, where senior gang members are stigmatised, but the wider drivers of vulnerability among the young people they exploit are overlooked. Secondly, the nexus is applied to the case of new psychoactive substances. Here, the perceived vulnerability of young people is used to justify responses that ultimately lead to amplified harms being displaced onto structurally disadvantaged populations such as the homeless and prison inmates, compounding their economic vulnerability and class stigma.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"84 1","pages":"6 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87388986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2070056
T. Ayres
Abstract Drug use is a transient rather than a fixed range of practices. Drug markets are constantly evolving as substances, both old and new, move in and out of fashion. If we are to understand this process of evolution, it must be placed against a background of consumer capitalism. Building on the author’s previous work, this article seeks to move beyond existing theories to examine the nexus of drug use, pleasure and consumerism. This article draws upon a Žižekien account of the unconscious and the ontology of desire. Drawing on ultra-realism this article responds to the call for new theories of drug use to replace the old and outdated theories of the sixties and seventies. Beginning with the claim that we cannot properly grasp ‘real-life developments’ unless we examine ‘the self-propelling metaphysical dance of Capital that runs the show’ this article positions drug use in relation to the key ideological demands of neoliberalism and its subjectivities, including its damaged subjectivities.
{"title":"Traversing the fantasy of drugs: drugs, consumerism and everyday life","authors":"T. Ayres","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2070056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2070056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drug use is a transient rather than a fixed range of practices. Drug markets are constantly evolving as substances, both old and new, move in and out of fashion. If we are to understand this process of evolution, it must be placed against a background of consumer capitalism. Building on the author’s previous work, this article seeks to move beyond existing theories to examine the nexus of drug use, pleasure and consumerism. This article draws upon a Žižekien account of the unconscious and the ontology of desire. Drawing on ultra-realism this article responds to the call for new theories of drug use to replace the old and outdated theories of the sixties and seventies. Beginning with the claim that we cannot properly grasp ‘real-life developments’ unless we examine ‘the self-propelling metaphysical dance of Capital that runs the show’ this article positions drug use in relation to the key ideological demands of neoliberalism and its subjectivities, including its damaged subjectivities.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"82 1","pages":"17 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89526990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2051436
A. Atkinson, B. Meadows, K. Ross-Houle, C. Smith, H. Sumnall
Abstract Background Women’s magazines provide a space in which gendered norms around alcohol-related practice are (re)-produced. They act as important points of reference for women to draw upon in their own understandings of alcohol use within their identity making. Studying the alcohol-related messages women’s magazines disseminate is therefore an important line of inquiry. Methods An analysis of textual and visual alcohol depictions, including alcohol advertising, in 70 editions of 20 printed magazines targeted at and read by women, published between August 2020 and January 2021, was conducted using quantitative content and qualitative thematic analysis. Results Women’s magazines have the potential to disseminate public health messages about the physical and mental health impacts of alcohol use, alcohol’s role in gender inequalities and the risk of harm from alcohol use by men. However, they do so in ways that reproduce harmful gender norms and expectations, and overlook the structural causes of alcohol-related harms. Associations between alcohol use and violence against women were simplified, in ways that ignored the root causes, produced victim-blaming narratives and deflected responsibility from the perpetrator to the effects of alcohol. Narratives around drinking and sobriety were underpinned by concerns over appearance, which reinforced social expectations of the ideal feminine body. Health narratives were in conflict with the presence of pro-alcohol messages such as consumption suggestions and alcohol advertising, which promoted alcohol use as a normalised aspect of women’s day to day lives. Conclusions Women receive a number of mixed and contradictory messages on alcohol use through their magazine readership, which places limits on magazines as educational sources of public health messaging.
{"title":"Magazines as contradictory spaces for alcohol messaging: a mixed method content and thematic analysis of UK women’s magazine representations of alcohol and its consumption","authors":"A. Atkinson, B. Meadows, K. Ross-Houle, C. Smith, H. Sumnall","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2051436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2051436","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Women’s magazines provide a space in which gendered norms around alcohol-related practice are (re)-produced. They act as important points of reference for women to draw upon in their own understandings of alcohol use within their identity making. Studying the alcohol-related messages women’s magazines disseminate is therefore an important line of inquiry. Methods An analysis of textual and visual alcohol depictions, including alcohol advertising, in 70 editions of 20 printed magazines targeted at and read by women, published between August 2020 and January 2021, was conducted using quantitative content and qualitative thematic analysis. Results Women’s magazines have the potential to disseminate public health messages about the physical and mental health impacts of alcohol use, alcohol’s role in gender inequalities and the risk of harm from alcohol use by men. However, they do so in ways that reproduce harmful gender norms and expectations, and overlook the structural causes of alcohol-related harms. Associations between alcohol use and violence against women were simplified, in ways that ignored the root causes, produced victim-blaming narratives and deflected responsibility from the perpetrator to the effects of alcohol. Narratives around drinking and sobriety were underpinned by concerns over appearance, which reinforced social expectations of the ideal feminine body. Health narratives were in conflict with the presence of pro-alcohol messages such as consumption suggestions and alcohol advertising, which promoted alcohol use as a normalised aspect of women’s day to day lives. Conclusions Women receive a number of mixed and contradictory messages on alcohol use through their magazine readership, which places limits on magazines as educational sources of public health messaging.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"50 1","pages":"474 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89084007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2070058
V. Hope, Vincent Walker Bond, I. Boardley, Josie Smith, John Campbell, G. Bates, R. Ralphs, M. Van Hout, J. McVeigh
Abstract Harms associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use are well-established and a public health concern. Robust estimates of the numbers using AAS are needed to inform responses, however, in the UK these are lacking. Due to the comparative rarity and associated stigma, general population surveys are problematic and data availability limits the use of indirect approaches. To address this, the Delphi method was used to refine the key parameters needed for indirect estimation from attendances at needle and syringe programmes (NSP) for AAS use. An expert panel (n = 63) was surveyed three times (n = 40, 39, and 37) to refine the parameters needed to generate a likely range from data on NSP attendances. A broad agreement was reached on: regional variations in use; the proportion of men using AAS who only use them orally; the proportion of men who inject AAS using NSP; and the proportion of the AAS population who are women. We conclude that previous general population survey-based estimates of recent AAS use appear implausible, with the likely range indicated by NSP data being up to 10-times higher. AAS use in the UK is more common than previously indicated, but further work is needed to refine population size estimation and characteristics.
{"title":"Anabolic androgenic steroid use population size estimation: a first stage study utilising a Delphi exercise","authors":"V. Hope, Vincent Walker Bond, I. Boardley, Josie Smith, John Campbell, G. Bates, R. Ralphs, M. Van Hout, J. McVeigh","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2070058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2070058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Harms associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use are well-established and a public health concern. Robust estimates of the numbers using AAS are needed to inform responses, however, in the UK these are lacking. Due to the comparative rarity and associated stigma, general population surveys are problematic and data availability limits the use of indirect approaches. To address this, the Delphi method was used to refine the key parameters needed for indirect estimation from attendances at needle and syringe programmes (NSP) for AAS use. An expert panel (n = 63) was surveyed three times (n = 40, 39, and 37) to refine the parameters needed to generate a likely range from data on NSP attendances. A broad agreement was reached on: regional variations in use; the proportion of men using AAS who only use them orally; the proportion of men who inject AAS using NSP; and the proportion of the AAS population who are women. We conclude that previous general population survey-based estimates of recent AAS use appear implausible, with the likely range indicated by NSP data being up to 10-times higher. AAS use in the UK is more common than previously indicated, but further work is needed to refine population size estimation and characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"461 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89938799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2075251
M. Stead, D. Eadie, R. Purves, Jennifer McKell, N. Critchlow, K. Angus, C. Angus, N. Fitzgerald
Abstract Minimum unit pricing for alcohol (MUP) came into effect on 1st May 2018 in Scotland, raising the price of the cheapest shop-bought alcohol. Small retailers are a key source of alcohol for communities, often located in areas of high alcohol-related harm. We sought to examine their experiences of MUP implementation and impact. We conducted semi-structured interviews in-store with 20 small retailers in central Scotland at two time points: October – November 2017 (6–7 months pre-implementation); and October – November 2018 (5–6 months post-implementation). Prior to implementation, some retailers did not understand MUP, including how prices would link to product strength, or were concerned about anticipated implementation burden. Several expressed support for reducing ‘problem’ drinking or suggested that MUP would increase alcohol prices in supermarkets bringing them into line with small retailers. Despite initial concerns, small retailers reported minimal disruption following implementation of MUP, which was generally straightforward. Compliance was taken seriously and price calculations relatively manageable. Few/no negative reactions from customers were reported. Some felt that the measure enabled them to better compete with larger retailers/supermarkets. Concerns about MUP expressed by some trade bodies prior to implementation were largely not borne out in the experiences of small retailers.
{"title":"Implementation of alcohol minimum unit pricing (MUP): a qualitative study with small retailers","authors":"M. Stead, D. Eadie, R. Purves, Jennifer McKell, N. Critchlow, K. Angus, C. Angus, N. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2075251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2075251","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Minimum unit pricing for alcohol (MUP) came into effect on 1st May 2018 in Scotland, raising the price of the cheapest shop-bought alcohol. Small retailers are a key source of alcohol for communities, often located in areas of high alcohol-related harm. We sought to examine their experiences of MUP implementation and impact. We conducted semi-structured interviews in-store with 20 small retailers in central Scotland at two time points: October – November 2017 (6–7 months pre-implementation); and October – November 2018 (5–6 months post-implementation). Prior to implementation, some retailers did not understand MUP, including how prices would link to product strength, or were concerned about anticipated implementation burden. Several expressed support for reducing ‘problem’ drinking or suggested that MUP would increase alcohol prices in supermarkets bringing them into line with small retailers. Despite initial concerns, small retailers reported minimal disruption following implementation of MUP, which was generally straightforward. Compliance was taken seriously and price calculations relatively manageable. Few/no negative reactions from customers were reported. Some felt that the measure enabled them to better compete with larger retailers/supermarkets. Concerns about MUP expressed by some trade bodies prior to implementation were largely not borne out in the experiences of small retailers.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"69 1","pages":"453 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87162216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2072188
Claudia Denisse Sanchez Lozano, C. Wilkins, M. Rychert
Abstract This research aims to compare the policy response to residential methamphetamine contamination by public housing authorities in the United States and New Zealand. We utilize a comparative case study approach to analyze the process of policy development, implementation, and outcomes by the Salish and Kootenai Housing Authority (SKHA, US) and Housing New Zealand (HNZ now Kāinga Ora, NZ). Both housing authorities initially developed their policies based on a ‘zero tolerance’ precautionary principle to protect their tenants’ health and discourage drug related activities. This approach caused unintended consequences for housing agencies and tenants, including significant financial expenditure on methamphetamine testing and remediation, a decline in housing portfolios due to contamination, and termination of tenancies, with imposition of financial penalties, contributing to homelessness. Liability for contamination was determined either by baseline testing (SKHA) or the Tenancy Tribunal (HNZ). In both cases, a review of policies prompted a shift to a harm reduction approach focused on compensating and supporting tenants, avoiding evictions. The initial zero tolerance approach caused considerable harms to vulnerable tenants that likely outweighed the health risks from methamphetamine exposure. This research underlines the importance of developing appropriate policies that balance health risks with possible social impacts of the policy response.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of policy responses to residential methamphetamine contamination by two public housing authorities in the United States and New Zealand","authors":"Claudia Denisse Sanchez Lozano, C. Wilkins, M. Rychert","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2072188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2072188","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research aims to compare the policy response to residential methamphetamine contamination by public housing authorities in the United States and New Zealand. We utilize a comparative case study approach to analyze the process of policy development, implementation, and outcomes by the Salish and Kootenai Housing Authority (SKHA, US) and Housing New Zealand (HNZ now Kāinga Ora, NZ). Both housing authorities initially developed their policies based on a ‘zero tolerance’ precautionary principle to protect their tenants’ health and discourage drug related activities. This approach caused unintended consequences for housing agencies and tenants, including significant financial expenditure on methamphetamine testing and remediation, a decline in housing portfolios due to contamination, and termination of tenancies, with imposition of financial penalties, contributing to homelessness. Liability for contamination was determined either by baseline testing (SKHA) or the Tenancy Tribunal (HNZ). In both cases, a review of policies prompted a shift to a harm reduction approach focused on compensating and supporting tenants, avoiding evictions. The initial zero tolerance approach caused considerable harms to vulnerable tenants that likely outweighed the health risks from methamphetamine exposure. This research underlines the importance of developing appropriate policies that balance health risks with possible social impacts of the policy response.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"33 1","pages":"394 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90782331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2072189
R. D. de Visser, Franca Beccaria, J. Demant, Maria Fernandes‐Jesus, L. Fleig, U. Scholz, R. Cooke
Abstract Alcohol control strategies vary between countries and reflect differences in drinking cultures. This study explored how perceived effectiveness of alcohol control strategies varies according to individual characteristics and country of residence. A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 1910 university students in Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Switzerland. It assessed the perceived effectiveness of 11 alcohol control strategies. Correlates included sensation-seeking, alcohol outcome expectancies, drink refusal self-efficacy, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Bivariate analysis using mixed-measures MANOVA and Pearson correlations were followed by linear regression to identify multivariate correlates. These analyses revealed that educational strategies (e.g. teaching people skills to resist peer pressure) were considered more effective than restrictive strategies (e.g. raising the legal drinking age). Perceived effectiveness was greater among women and lighter drinkers. Country of residence also explained unique variance. The findings highlight the need to consider the potential impact of drinking culture in alcohol-related harm-reduction strategies.
{"title":"The influence of individual and cultural factors on perceptions of alcohol control strategies among university students in Europe","authors":"R. D. de Visser, Franca Beccaria, J. Demant, Maria Fernandes‐Jesus, L. Fleig, U. Scholz, R. Cooke","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2072189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2072189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Alcohol control strategies vary between countries and reflect differences in drinking cultures. This study explored how perceived effectiveness of alcohol control strategies varies according to individual characteristics and country of residence. A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 1910 university students in Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Switzerland. It assessed the perceived effectiveness of 11 alcohol control strategies. Correlates included sensation-seeking, alcohol outcome expectancies, drink refusal self-efficacy, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Bivariate analysis using mixed-measures MANOVA and Pearson correlations were followed by linear regression to identify multivariate correlates. These analyses revealed that educational strategies (e.g. teaching people skills to resist peer pressure) were considered more effective than restrictive strategies (e.g. raising the legal drinking age). Perceived effectiveness was greater among women and lighter drinkers. Country of residence also explained unique variance. The findings highlight the need to consider the potential impact of drinking culture in alcohol-related harm-reduction strategies.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"87 1","pages":"406 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87091462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2072187
Helena Valente, Daniel Martins, Marta Pinto, Luís Fernandes, M. Barratt
Abstract Drug checking services (DCS) allow people who use drugs to submit drug samples for chemical analysis and provide feedback of results and counseling. Our study tested the validity of behavioral intention measures against reports of actual behavior and the adoption of protective behavioral strategies. DCS patrons at Boom Festival 2018 completed three surveys during the festival (pre-drug analysis 343 participants submitted 671 drug samples, post-drug analysis 290 participants reported on 341 drug sample results, three-day follow-up 145 participants reported on 195 drug sample results) and another survey after six months (n = 71). At third-day follow-up, when the results were ‘not the expected substance’ (N = 35), 86% (n = 30) reported they ‘didn’t take the substance’; 11% (n = 4) ‘took a smaller dose than initially planned’ and only 3% (n = 1) ‘took it as planned’. In 71% (n = 63) of the matched post-test and third-day follow-up answers (N = 89), the behavior reported at third-day matched the behavioral intention reported during post-test. After six months, there was a slight increase in most harm-reduction behaviors; however, there was a substantial drop-out among respondents. Results support the hypothesis that DCS promote the adoption of safer drug use practices; however, further research is needed to evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of DCS.
{"title":"A longitudinal study of behavioural outcomes following a visit to the Boom Festival 2018 drug checking service: individual and group level results","authors":"Helena Valente, Daniel Martins, Marta Pinto, Luís Fernandes, M. Barratt","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2072187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2072187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drug checking services (DCS) allow people who use drugs to submit drug samples for chemical analysis and provide feedback of results and counseling. Our study tested the validity of behavioral intention measures against reports of actual behavior and the adoption of protective behavioral strategies. DCS patrons at Boom Festival 2018 completed three surveys during the festival (pre-drug analysis 343 participants submitted 671 drug samples, post-drug analysis 290 participants reported on 341 drug sample results, three-day follow-up 145 participants reported on 195 drug sample results) and another survey after six months (n = 71). At third-day follow-up, when the results were ‘not the expected substance’ (N = 35), 86% (n = 30) reported they ‘didn’t take the substance’; 11% (n = 4) ‘took a smaller dose than initially planned’ and only 3% (n = 1) ‘took it as planned’. In 71% (n = 63) of the matched post-test and third-day follow-up answers (N = 89), the behavior reported at third-day matched the behavioral intention reported during post-test. After six months, there was a slight increase in most harm-reduction behaviors; however, there was a substantial drop-out among respondents. Results support the hypothesis that DCS promote the adoption of safer drug use practices; however, further research is needed to evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of DCS.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"18 1","pages":"373 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80568053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-03DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2070057
J. Xavier, A. Greer, A. Crabtree, J. Buxton
Abstract Introduction The Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act, a federal law enacted in Canada in 2017, aims to increase bystander response to overdoses by offering legal protection for arrests related to simple possession at the scene of an overdose. As this legislation suggests, a shift has occurred to view overdose events as a medical issue, constituting a shift in the role of police officers. Our study aimed to uncover the role police perceive for themselves at overdose events. Methods Twenty-two qualitative interviews were conducted with police officers across British Columbia (BC). A thematic analysis was completed to identify patterns in the data. Findings Police officers perceived their primary role was to ensure the safety of first responders and bystanders at overdose events. Some officers favored enforcing mandatory treatment and used coercive practices to ensure overdose victims received further medical care. Discussion Policies which reframe overdose events in terms of a health rather than criminal response put into question whether police officers have a role at overdose events and, if so, what it is. Conclusions Education and awareness are needed to reduce stigma towards people who use drugs, misunderstandings around naloxone and harmful practices such as coercion, at overdose events.
{"title":"Police officers’ perceptions of their role at overdose events: a qualitative study","authors":"J. Xavier, A. Greer, A. Crabtree, J. Buxton","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2022.2070057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2070057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act, a federal law enacted in Canada in 2017, aims to increase bystander response to overdoses by offering legal protection for arrests related to simple possession at the scene of an overdose. As this legislation suggests, a shift has occurred to view overdose events as a medical issue, constituting a shift in the role of police officers. Our study aimed to uncover the role police perceive for themselves at overdose events. Methods Twenty-two qualitative interviews were conducted with police officers across British Columbia (BC). A thematic analysis was completed to identify patterns in the data. Findings Police officers perceived their primary role was to ensure the safety of first responders and bystanders at overdose events. Some officers favored enforcing mandatory treatment and used coercive practices to ensure overdose victims received further medical care. Discussion Policies which reframe overdose events in terms of a health rather than criminal response put into question whether police officers have a role at overdose events and, if so, what it is. Conclusions Education and awareness are needed to reduce stigma towards people who use drugs, misunderstandings around naloxone and harmful practices such as coercion, at overdose events.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"15 1","pages":"361 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89712695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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