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The use of hot-air oven as an alternative drying method for salted shrimp paste production: Drying profile, fermentation rate, quality, and acceptability 热风烘箱作为盐虾酱生产的另一种干燥方法:干燥概况、发酵速率、质量和可接受性
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2267665
Jaksuma Pongsetkul, Soottawat Benjakul, Pakpoom Boonchuen
AbstractThe study explored using a hot-air oven at various temperatures (35, 45, and 55 °C) as a promising alternative to traditional sun-drying for salted shrimp paste production. Comparing drying profiles, fermentation rate, quality, and acceptability with conventional sun-drying (CON), it was found that the alternative hot-air oven led to lower enzymatic activities and degree of hydrolysis during a 30-day fermentation (p < 0.05). Consequently, the alternative samples exhibited lower development of distinctive characteristics (color, browning intensity, formal, ammonia, nitrogen contents, and antioxidant capabilities) resulting in lower sensory scores compared to CON (p < 0.05). Interestingly, microbial populations in hot-air-dried samples were also lower than CON (p < 0.05). Based on PCA biplots and drying duration, drying at 45 °C with a hot-air oven seemed optimal for shrimp paste production. However, adjustments, such as prolonging fermentation or using a starter culture, are needed to make the alternative process comparable to the traditional product.Keywords: Shrimp pastehot-air ovendrying processfermentation ratefermented shrimp Data availability statementThe data that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Ethical statementThe author obtained a certificate of ‘Basic Human Subject Protection Course’ (NU-NU042), which is available for preliminary experiments with sensory evaluations. The participants provided their informed consent to participate in this study.Disclosure statementNo potential competing interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis research was funded by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT, Research Grants for Talented Young Researchers (2021), grant no. N41A640118).
摘要本研究探讨了不同温度(35℃、45℃和55℃)的热风烘箱作为传统晒干法生产盐虾酱的替代方法。通过与常规晒干法(CON)的干燥特性、发酵速率、质量和可接受性进行比较,发现在30天的发酵过程中,替代热空气烘箱的酶活性和水解程度较低(p < 0.05)。因此,与对照相比,替代样品的显著特征(颜色、褐变强度、形式、氨、氮含量和抗氧化能力)发育较低,导致感官评分较低(p < 0.05)。有趣的是,热风干燥样品的微生物数量也低于CON (p < 0.05)。基于PCA双图和干燥时间,在45°C的热风烘箱中干燥虾膏似乎是最佳的。然而,需要进行调整,例如延长发酵时间或使用发酵剂培养,以使替代工艺与传统产品相媲美。关键词:虾膏热风烘干工艺发酵速率发酵虾数据可得性声明支持本研究结果的数据可应通讯作者的合理要求获得。作者获得了“人类受试者保护基础课程”证书(NU-NU042),可用于感官评价的初步实验。参与者提供了参与本研究的知情同意书。披露声明作者未报告潜在的竞争利益。本研究由泰国国家研究委员会(NRCT)资助,有才华的青年研究人员研究补助金(2021),批准号:N41A640118)。
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引用次数: 0
Combination of different nozzle concepts for simultaneous optimization of heat transfer and its uniform distribution in convection drying applications 结合不同的喷嘴概念,同时优化对流干燥应用中的传热及其均匀分布
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2260867
Tobias Nienke, Juan Sebastian Gomez Bonilla, Arno Kwade, Daniel Eggerath
AbstractPrecise coating processes demand sensitive drying processes. The present work investigates the operation of hybrid convective drying nozzles for combining impingement nozzles with impingement-free nozzles. Impingement-free nozzles show good uniformity, whereas impingement nozzles are characterized by higher heat transfer but greater non-uniformity across the pitch. Volumetric flow ratio between the nozzle types, lateral distance, substrate distance and angle of impingement are the parameters of this study. Compared with purely impingement-free nozzles, the combination can achieve increased heat transfer with moderate losses in distribution uniformity. A divergent impingement jet with a small lateral distance and a small substrate distance proves to be advantageous. In addition, a consideration of energy requirements shows that impingement-free nozzles, due to their lower resistance, can deliver the same volume flow rates with lower blower power. As a result, the reduction of the impingement component in the hybrid nozzle is advantageous in terms of energy.Keywords: CoatingRoll2Rolldrying nozzleheat transfer Disclosure statementNo potential competing interest was reported by the authors.Table 1. Outlet velocity and Reynolds numbers for different volumetric flow ratios and nozzle types.Display TableTable 2. Coefficient of variation for different impingement angles.Download CSVDisplay Table
精密的涂层工艺要求灵敏的干燥工艺。本文研究了撞击式和无撞击式混合对流干燥喷嘴的工作原理。无冲击喷嘴具有良好的均匀性,而冲击喷嘴具有较高的换热性和较大的非均匀性。喷嘴类型间的体积流量比、横向距离、基板距离和撞击角是本研究的参数。与纯无冲击喷嘴相比,这种组合可以在适度损失分布均匀性的情况下实现更大的传热。具有较小横向距离和较小基底距离的发散式撞击射流是有利的。此外,考虑到能量需求,无冲击喷嘴由于阻力较低,可以在较低的风机功率下提供相同的体积流量。因此,混合喷嘴中撞击分量的减少在能量方面是有利的。关键词:涂层辊辊干燥喷嘴传热披露声明作者未报道潜在的竞争利益。表1。不同体积流量比和喷嘴类型的出口速度和雷诺数。显示表2。不同撞击角度的变异系数。下载csv显示表
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引用次数: 0
Flame spray drying of maltodextrin 麦芽糊精火焰喷雾干燥
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2261047
Mariia Sobulska
AbstractIn the frame of this work, the experimental analysis of the reconstitution properties, sorption isotherms and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of maltodextrin powder was carried out. Before the analysis the substance was dried by standard spray drying method or flame spray drying (FSD). During the analyses, the influence of the applied FSD parameters on the analyzed properties was also estimated. The powders dried using the standard spray dryer were characterized by a better wettability parameter, which was related to a high bulk density. A shorter solubility time was obtained for powders dried by the FSD method, which may be explained by the larger particle diameters. Analyzing maltodextrin powders dried with the FSD, a significant influence of the atomization pressure and particle size on the wettability parameter was found. Application of FSD method does not affect the sorption characteristics of maltodextrin and does not change significantly the chemical structure of the material, since characteristic peaks of FTIR spectra were preserved after the FSD.Keywords: Flame spray dryingsorption isothermsFTIRwettabilitysolubility time AcknowledgementsThe author is grateful to Dr Marcin Piatkowski for help in carrying out the drying tests, Dr Aleksandra Kedzierska-Sar for help with DVS analysis and to mgr Michal Krempski-Smejda for help with FTIR spectroscopy.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
摘要在本研究的框架下,对麦芽糊精粉的重构性质、吸附等温线和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)进行了实验分析。在分析之前,用标准喷雾干燥法或火焰喷雾干燥法(FSD)对物质进行干燥。在分析过程中,还估计了所应用的FSD参数对所分析性能的影响。使用标准喷雾干燥机干燥的粉末具有较好的润湿性参数,这与高堆积密度有关。用FSD方法干燥的粉末溶解时间较短,这可能是由于颗粒直径较大。对FSD干燥的麦芽糊精粉体进行分析,发现雾化压力和粒径对其润湿性参数有显著影响。FSD法的应用不会影响麦芽糖糊精的吸附特性,也不会显著改变材料的化学结构,因为FSD后FTIR光谱的特征峰被保留了下来。致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Research progress on exhaust gas emissions and control technology during sewage sludge thermal drying: A review 污泥热干燥过程废气排放及控制技术研究进展
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2260895
Wei Ling, Yi Xing, Chengwang Zhao, Chen Hong, Weibo Feng, Yijie Wang, Jiashuo Hu, Jiachen Hou, Lihui Feng
AbstractThe volume of sewage sludge generated continues to increase, leading to harmful secondary pollution and highlighting the pressing need for sewage sludge reduction. Sewage sludge drying is a well-established method for treating municipal sewage sludge. This study systematically reviews the latest research on the formation and control of gaseous pollutants during sewage sludge thermal drying. First, this paper comprehensively introduces sewage sludge drying, covering its principles, heat sources, and the inevitable generation of waste gas during the drying process of sewage sludge rich in organic matter. Subsequently, it summarizes the methods for detecting sewage sludge drying exhaust gas and outlines the emission characteristics of such exhaust gas. The three main types of dry exhaust gases discussed include volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, represented by ammonia (NH3); volatile sulfur-containing compounds, represented by hydrogen sulfide (H2S); and the benzene series (BTEX). Finally, based on current technical capabilities, this paper proposes two methods for controlling pollution from sewage sludge drying exhaust gas: suppressing pollutant release during the drying process and treating exhaust gas at the end of drying. Inhibition of pollutant release during the drying process primarily involves reducing the types and quantities of pollutants released by adjusting the sewage sludge drying temperature and time, employing sewage sludge conditioning, and implementing others. Drying back-end exhaust gas treatment removes contaminants from the drying exhaust gas through processes like condensation, adsorption, absorption, biodegradation and other methods. This work offers a fresh perspective on understanding how various factors in the sewage sludge drying process influence the characteristics of dried exhaust gas emissions and the overall control of sewage sludge exhaust gas emissions.Keywords: Sewage sludge dryingdry exhaust gasemission characteristicspollution control Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis research was funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-TP-20-010A2) and the Self-directed Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing (41622202).
摘要污水污泥产生量不断增加,导致有害的二次污染,凸显了污泥减量的迫切需要。污泥干燥是一种成熟的处理城市污泥的方法。本文系统综述了污泥热干燥过程中气态污染物的形成与控制的最新研究进展。首先,本文全面介绍了污水污泥干燥,包括其原理、热源以及富含有机物的污水污泥干燥过程中不可避免产生的废气。随后,总结了污水污泥干燥废气的检测方法,概述了污泥干燥废气的排放特征。所讨论的三种主要类型的干废气包括含挥发性氮化合物,以氨(NH3)为代表;挥发性含硫化合物,以硫化氢(H2S)为代表;苯系物(BTEX)。最后,基于目前的技术能力,本文提出了两种控制污泥干燥废气污染的方法:在干燥过程中抑制污染物释放和在干燥结束时处理废气。抑制干燥过程中污染物的释放主要包括通过调节污泥干燥温度和时间、采用污泥调节等方式减少污染物的释放种类和数量。干燥后端废气处理通过冷凝、吸附、吸收、生物降解等方法去除干燥废气中的污染物。本研究为了解污泥干燥过程中各种因素对干燥后废气排放特性的影响以及污泥废气排放的整体控制提供了新的视角。关键词:污泥干燥干燥废气排放特征污染控制披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突本研究由中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(FRF-TP-20-010A2)和北京科技大学先进冶金技术国家重点实验室自主项目(41622202)资助。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements in salbutamol sulphate formulation: Spray-drying technique for the production of porous particles with enhanced properties for inhalation drug delivery 硫酸沙丁胺醇制剂的进展:用于生产多孔颗粒的喷雾干燥技术,增强了吸入药物输送的性能
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2262017
Marcos Andrés Serain, Ana Carla Castro-Guijarro, Marina Inés Flamini, Verónica Bucalá, Loreana Carolina Gallo
AbstractA fast, simple and cost-effective technique has been used to produce spray-drying porous particles of salbutamol sulfate (SS) for inhalation drug delivery. The particles were produced using water as solvent and ammonium bicarbonate as pore-forming agent. A full factorial experimental design (24) with a central point was used to evaluate the influence of process parameters (drying air inlet temperature, atomization air volume flowrate, feed volume flowrate and the pore-forming agent concentration) on process yield, moisture content, densities and particle size. In addition, particle morphology, in-vitro aerosolization properties, stability and cytotoxicity of selected samples were studied. Within the experimental design parameters window, it was shown that the highest inlet temperature and pore-forming agent concentration were the factors that more affected the process yield and tap density values. Particles with the lowest tap densities values exhibited porous morphology. In addition, the pore-forming agent concentration proved to be the most significant variable affecting particle size. The highest pore-forming agent concentration, the largest particle size. The porous particles exhibit remarkable aerosolization performance, surpassing the performance of previously reported SS porous particles and a commercial formulation. These powders showed a high process yield and the absence of ammonium bicarbonate in the final product, as confirmed by FT-IR. Furthermore, the powders presented good stability even over long periods of time and did not exhibit cytotoxicity on the murine alveolar macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.Keywords: Porous particlessalbutamol sulfatespray dryingammonium bicarbonate Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Additional informationFundingThe authors thank the financial support from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) [grant number: PIP 11220150100704CO] and Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) of Argentina [grant number: PGI 24M/163].
摘要采用一种快速、简单、经济的方法制备了用于吸入给药的硫酸沙丁胺醇喷雾干燥多孔颗粒。以水为溶剂,碳酸氢铵为成孔剂制备颗粒。采用具有中心点的全因子实验设计(24)来评估工艺参数(干燥空气入口温度、雾化空气体积流量、进料体积流量和成孔剂浓度)对工艺产量、水分含量、密度和粒度的影响。此外,还研究了所选样品的颗粒形态、体外雾化性能、稳定性和细胞毒性。在实验设计参数窗口内,最高入口温度和成孔剂浓度是影响工艺产率和丝锥密度值的主要因素。轻叩密度值最低的颗粒表现为多孔形态。此外,成孔剂浓度是影响颗粒尺寸的最显著变量。成孔剂浓度最高,粒径最大。多孔颗粒表现出显著的雾化性能,超过了先前报道的SS多孔颗粒和商业配方的性能。这些粉末显示出高的工艺收率和最终产品中不含碳酸氢铵,经FT-IR证实。此外,这些粉末即使在很长一段时间内也表现出良好的稳定性,并且对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞系RAW 264.7没有细胞毒性。关键词:多孔颗粒硫酸盐沙丁胺醇喷雾干燥碳酸氢铵披露声明作者声明,他们没有已知的竞争经济利益或个人关系,可能会影响本文报道的工作。作者感谢CONICET (CONICET)[资助号:PIP 11220150100704CO]和阿根廷国立大学(UNS)[资助号:PGI 24M/163]的财政支持。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of layer inhomogeneities on the process of sewage sludge convective drying 层间不均匀性对污泥对流干燥过程的影响
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2259974
Lovrenc Novak, Brane Širok, Mojca Zupanc, Marko Hočevar
Convective sewage sludge drying is often carried out in belt dryers, where the air flow is directed through the layer. In such a configuration, drying air properties, as well as the structure of the layer and its homogeneity are key factors affecting the drying process. In the present work, these factors were investigated using laboratory experiments on relatively large sludge samples with a mass of several kilograms. Drying was performed at relatively low drying air parameters (time-averaged temperatures of 65 to 80 °C and velocities of 0.44 to 0.78 m/s). The inhomogeneity of the sludge layer drying was observed by measuring the layer surface temperature with an IR camera. The reduction in layer thickness during drying was measured using an optical laser-based method. Analysis of the data included regression and fitting of the data to parametric drying curves, with the modified Nadhari drying law providing the best fit. The standard deviation of the layer surface thermograms (S) was used as a parameter that accounted for the layer homogeneity and consequently drying evenness. Higher values of S corresponded to lower drying rates and consequently longer drying times, highlighting the importance of producing layers with a homogenous structure. The measured layer thickness reduction rate indicated the overall drying intensity almost from the beginning of drying. Both the surface temperature unevenness and the layer height reduction measurement methods were demonstrated as viable approaches for real-time monitoring of the drying process with potential for application in real-scale dryers.
污水污泥的对流干燥通常在带式干燥机中进行,其中气流是直接通过层的。在这种配置下,干燥空气的性质以及层的结构及其均匀性是影响干燥过程的关键因素。在目前的工作中,这些因素是通过实验室实验对质量为几公斤的相对较大的污泥样品进行研究的。干燥在相对较低的干燥空气参数下进行(时间平均温度为65至80°C,速度为0.44至0.78 m/s)。利用红外相机测量污泥层表面温度,观察污泥层干燥的不均匀性。干燥过程中层厚的减少是用光学激光方法测量的。对数据进行回归和参数干燥曲线拟合,修正的Nadhari干燥规律拟合效果最佳。层表面热图的标准偏差(S)被用作表征层均匀性和干燥均匀性的参数。较高的S值对应于较低的干燥速率,因此较长的干燥时间,突出了生产具有均匀结构的层的重要性。测得的层厚减少率几乎反映了干燥开始时的总体干燥强度。表面温度不均匀度和层高降低测量方法都是实时监测干燥过程的可行方法,具有在实际干燥机中应用的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Internal stress development within wood during drying: A master curve concept and its application on drying stress evaluation 木材干燥过程中的内应力发展:主曲线概念及其在干燥应力评价中的应用
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2259467
Kuntida Srisuchart, Jaipet Tomad, Satjapan Leelatanon, Sataporn Jantawee, Nirundorn Matan
Abstract The generation of internal stress (IS) in flat-sawn and quarter-sawn rubberwood boards during drying has been investigated using an online restoring force (RF) technique, which restrained a half-split rectangular wood specimen. Particular attention was given to the longest IS reversal regime. The IS development proceeds faster in the flat-sawn specimens than that in the quarter-sawn specimens while the maximum IS magnitudes in both specimens are rather similar. By normalizing the IS reversal period, a master IS profile, the derivative of the measured RF to the IS reversal time ratio versus the IS reversal time ratio, is proposed. This master curve, exhibiting some degree of independence from wood orientation and drying temperature, shows variations correlated with the free water content in the wet zone and the dry/wet zone fractions. The process of IS reversal, unaffected by temporary unrestraint, advances as the dry zone expands inwards and ends when the wet zone disappears. Assuming mechanical equilibrium between the dry and wet zones, the IS in both zones can be estimated from the RF data. The maximum tensile IS in the dry zone, indicating a risk of surface checks, evolves at slightly lower magnitudes at higher drying temperatures and is lower in the quarter-sawn specimens. The IS relaxation in the dry zone, still largely taking place in the absence of the applied RF, highlights the main contribution of the dry/wet zone fractions, continuing to proceed without restraining, to the IS development. These findings, emphasizing the significance of dry and wet zones, should pave the way for a better understanding of the IS development within wood during drying.
摘要采用在线恢复力(RF)技术,研究了半裂矩形木材试样在干燥过程中平切和四分之一锯橡胶木板内应力(IS)的产生。特别关注的是最长的IS逆转机制。平锯试件的IS发展速度快于四分之一锯试件,但两种试件的最大IS强度相当相似。通过对IS反转周期进行归一化,提出了一个主IS曲线,即测量射频对IS反转时间比的导数与IS反转时间比的导数。这条主曲线在一定程度上不受木材取向和干燥温度的影响,其变化与湿区和干湿区组分的自由含水量相关。IS的逆转过程不受暂时不受约束的影响,随着干区向内扩展而推进,并在湿区消失时结束。假设干区和湿区之间的力学平衡,可以从射频数据中估计两个区域的IS。干燥区的最大拉伸IS(表明表面检查的风险)在较高的干燥温度下以略低的幅度演变,并且在四分之一锯试件中较低。在没有施加RF的情况下,干区IS的松弛仍然主要发生,这突出了干/湿区分数的主要贡献,继续不受限制地进行IS的发展。这些发现强调了干湿带的重要性,为更好地理解木材干燥过程中IS的发展铺平了道路。关键词:干燥应力应力反向干湿区机械平衡橡胶木材披露声明作者声明他们没有利益冲突。本研究由泰国科学研究与创新和瓦莱拉克大学资助(批准号:RSA6180077)。
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引用次数: 0
Sweeping-frequency ultrasonic preprocessing improves removal rate and stability of pigment removed from okra powders by different drying and sieving methods 超声波扫频预处理提高了不同干燥和筛分方法对秋葵粉中色素的去除率和稳定性
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2258980
Lei Zhang, Ao Zhang, Shanshan Zhou, Qianqian Wang, Zhenyuan Hu, Chenglin Li, Yang Hu, Haile Ma, Cunshan Zhou
AbstractDecolorization is a necessary step before the extraction of okra pectin, and the reapplication of removed pigment will benefit hierarchical utilization of resources. Based on sweeping-frequency ultrasonic preprocessing (SFUP), effects of drying methods (hot air drying (HD), freeze-drying (FD)), sieves (of 60, 80, and 120 mesh) on removal rate and stability of okra pigment (OPI) were investigated. Color deepening caused by the formation of enzymatic products within 1 h of OPI degradation was explained. The extracted OPI was finally applied to noodles to check its stability further. Results showed that compared with non-ultrasonic treatment, SFUP increased removal rate of OPI with the maximum value of 49.32%, and further enhanced the stability of OPI when applied to noodles. OPI through sieves of 80 mesh owned brighter color and more excellent stability, and colored noodles with OPI through SFUP and FD had a small total color difference and strong stability.Keywords: Sweeping-frequency ultrasonic preprocessingdrying methodsifted okra powderpigment Ethical statementThe research does not involve animals or Humans, sensory evaluation and/or customer testing. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Author contributionsLei Zhang: Data curation, Writing-original draft, Funding acquisition. Ao Zhang, Shanshan Zhou, Qianqian Wang, Zhenyuan Hu, Chenglin Li and Yang Hu: Investigation, Data curation, Writing-original draft. Haile Ma and Cunshan Zhou: Supervision.Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801599); Scientific Research Project of College Students of Jiangsu University (21A299, J21AE0134); Innovation Training Program for College Students of Jiangsu University (202110299889X). Heartfelt thanks also should be expressed to Wahia Hafida and Xue Wang for supporting this work.
【摘要】脱色是提取秋葵果胶前的必要步骤,脱色后的色素再利用有利于资源的分级利用。以扫频超声预处理(SFUP)为基础,研究了热风干燥(HD)、冷冻干燥(FD)、60目、80目、120目筛对秋葵色素(OPI)去除率和稳定性的影响。解释了OPI降解1 h内酶促产物形成导致颜色加深的原因。最后将提取的OPI应用于面条中进一步检验其稳定性。结果表明,与非超声处理相比,SFUP提高了OPI的去除率,最大值为49.32%,并进一步增强了OPI在面条中的稳定性。经过80目筛的OPI颜色更亮,稳定性更优,经过SFUP和FD的OPI着色面总色差小,稳定性强。关键词:扫频超声预处理干燥法筛选秋葵粉色素伦理声明本研究不涉及动物或人类,感官评价和/或客户测试。所有参与研究的个体都获得了知情同意。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。作者贡献:张磊:数据整理,写作原稿,资金获取。张敖、周姗姗、王倩倩、胡振元、李成林、胡杨:调研、数据策展、写作-原稿。马海乐、周存山:监督。数据可用性声明支持本研究结果的数据可在合理要求下获得。基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(31801599);江苏大学大学生科研项目(21A299, J21AE0134);江苏大学大学生创新训练计划(202110299889X)。同时也要衷心感谢Wahia hafiida和Xue Wang对这项工作的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation and improvement of prototype rice husk fueled mixed flow rough rice dryer using CFD model 基于CFD模型的稻壳燃料混合流粗米干燥机样机性能评价与改进
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2252056
Mulugeta Admasu Delele, Yabebal Chekole Mihret, Jochen Mellmann
The majority of the rural areas in developing countries are not connected to the electric grid. Rice production produces a significant amount of rice husk as a byproduct/waste but this waste can be used as a source of energy for drying of the rough rice. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance and improve the design and operation of a rice husk fueled mixed flow grain dryer for small scale rural farmers using a validated 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The model was applied to predict the airflow and heat and mass transfer characteristics of the designed prototype rough rice dryer. The model took into account the geometrical detail of the dryer assembly, the relevant boundary and initial conditions, and model input parameters. The results identified relatively stagnant regions at the top and the side walls of the dryer. The observed relatively high variation in drying air velocity distribution caused a relatively high variation in drying characteristics of the rice grain. The model was applied to modify the design and operation procedure of the dryer to improve the performance in terms of drying uniformity and drying time. After 2 h drying time, the difference between the maximum and minimum moisture content values for the original and modified design was 12.9% and 8.5%, respectively. There was an exponential relationship between drying time and drying air temperature and specific flowrate. Mixing and recirculation of the grain at 30 min interval significantly improved the uniformity of drying, and the difference between maximum and minimum moisture content after 2 h of drying was clearly reduced to 1.9%. The study indicated the capability of 3-D CFD model to improve the design and operation of mixed flow rice husk fueled dryer to attain the required performance.
发展中国家的大部分农村地区没有接入电网。大米生产产生大量的稻壳作为副产品/废物,但这种废物可以用作干燥粗米的能源。本研究的目的是利用经过验证的三维计算流体力学(CFD)模型来评估谷壳燃料混合流谷物干燥机的性能,并改进其设计和操作。将该模型应用于所设计样机的气流和传热传质特性的预测。该模型考虑了干燥机组件的几何细节、相关边界和初始条件以及模型输入参数。结果确定相对停滞的区域在顶部和侧壁的干燥器。干燥风速分布变化较大,导致稻谷干燥特性变化较大。应用该模型对干燥机的设计和操作流程进行了修改,以提高干燥均匀性和干燥时间。经过2 h的干燥后,原设计与改进设计的最大含水率值和最小含水率值的差值分别为12.9%和8.5%。干燥时间与干燥空气温度、比流量呈指数关系。每隔30 min对籽粒进行混合再循环,显著提高了籽粒干燥的均匀性,干燥2 h后籽粒最大含水率与最小含水率之差明显减小至1.9%。研究表明,三维CFD模型能够改进混合流稻壳燃料干燥机的设计和运行,使其达到要求的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Drug loading of tannic acid crosslinked hydroxyapatite/gelatin composites via spray dryer and kinetic studies 单宁酸交联羟基磷灰石/明胶复合材料的喷雾干燥载药及动力学研究
3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2255988
I. B. Gumus, E. Kahraman, N. Erdol-Aydin, G. Nasun-Saygili
AbstractThe present study aims at studying the loading and release of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) drug from hydroxyapatite/gelatin (HAp-GEL) composites. Composites were produced in the presence of simulated body fluid (SBF) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C implementing tannic acid (TA) as a cross-linking agent. HAp-GEL composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 5-FU was loaded on HAp-GEL composites via spray dryer through encapsulation. Drug release kinetics studies revealed that 5-FU release from HAp-GEL composites were best fitted to first order kinetic model with R2 values in the range of 0.85–0.98. Gelatin and TA contents of the composites were found to affect the release profiles and initial burst values, with higher initial burst values at greater gelatin contents. pH dependent release of 5-FU was observed from produced HAp-GEL composites with higher release at physiological pH (7.4) conditions. Current study suggest that produced 5-FU loaded HAp-GEL composites hold potential as carrier for 5-FU drug in clinical applications.Keywords: Hydroxyapatitegelatintannic acidpolymercomposite Disclosure statementThe authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.Additional informationNotes on contributorsI. B. GumusI. B. Gumus finished her master thesis in Chemical Engineering Department at Istanbul Technical University, Turkey in 2018.E. KahramanE. Kahraman completed her PhD in Chemical Engineering Department at Istanbul Technical University, Turkey in 2023 and currently working as a research assistant.N. Erdol-AydinN. Erdol-Aydin is Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering Department at Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.G. Nasun-SaygiliG. Nasun-Saygili is a Professor in Chemical Engineering Department at Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.
摘要本研究旨在研究羟基磷灰石/明胶(HAp-GEL)复合材料对5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)药物的负载与释放。在pH 7.4和37°C的模拟体液(SBF)存在下,以单宁酸(TA)为交联剂制备复合材料。采用x射线衍射、热重分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜对HAp-GEL复合材料进行了表征。通过喷雾干燥机将5-FU包封在HAp-GEL复合材料上。药物释放动力学研究表明,HAp-GEL复合材料的5-FU释放最符合一级动力学模型,R2在0.85 ~ 0.98范围内。明胶和TA含量对复合材料的释放曲线和初始爆裂值有影响,明胶含量越高,初始爆裂值越高。在生理pH(7.4)条件下,制备的HAp-GEL复合材料的5-FU释放量较高。目前的研究表明,制备的负载5-FU的HAp-GEL复合材料具有作为5-FU药物载体的临床应用潜力。关键词:羟基磷灰石胶丁酸聚合物复合材料披露声明作者报告无利益冲突。作者独自负责论文的内容和写作。附加信息:贡献者说明1。GumusI。B. Gumus于2018年在土耳其伊斯坦布尔工业大学化学工程系完成硕士论文。KahramanE。Kahraman于2023年在土耳其伊斯坦布尔技术大学化学工程系获得博士学位,目前担任研究助理。Erdol-AydinN。埃尔多-艾丁是土耳其伊斯坦布尔技术大学化学工程系副教授。Nasun-SaygiliG。Nasun-Saygili是土耳其伊斯坦布尔技术大学化学工程系的教授。
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引用次数: 0
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Drying Technology
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