Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2255646
Yu Hsuan How, Michelle Yee Mun Teo, Lionel Lian Aun In, Siok Koon Yeo, Bhesh Bhandari, Liew Phing Pui
AbstractThere is an increasing trend toward delivering therapeutics such as vaccines using lyophilized, food-grade recombinant live cultures. The addition of protectants and proper packaging could improve the properties and stability of the powder. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the powder characteristics, moisture sorption isotherm, and shelf-life prediction of the freeze-dried recombinant Lactococcus lactis NZ3900-fermented milk powder with protectants (1:1 maltodextrin:trehalose) in vacuum packaging. The freeze-dried fermented milk powder with protectants demonstrated good flow and rehydration properties with 0.98 flow stability, 4350 g/mm cake strength, 4.45 mm cohesion index, and 89% dispersibility. The freeze-dried fermented milk powder displayed a type III isotherm curve with a predicted shelf-life of 33.7 and 46.3 days in aluminum polyethylene and 4-ply retortable polypropylene–polyamide–aluminum–polyethylene terephthalate, respectively, at 38 °C and 90% RH. The good characteristics of freeze-dried recombinant L. lactis-fermented milk powder with protectants display its potential as a powder product for vaccine delivery.Keywords: Freeze-dryingfermented milkfood-grade culturegenetically-modified foodmoisture sorption isothermshelf-life prediction AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank Paul Etim Effiong for the construction of Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 harboring pNZ8149 expressing USP45-139A-68V-TTD used in this study.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the UCSI Research Excellence & Innovation Grant (REIG) under REIG-FAS-2020-003.
{"title":"Powder characteristics, moisture sorption isotherm, and shelf-life prediction of freeze-dried recombinant <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> NZ3900-fermented milk powder","authors":"Yu Hsuan How, Michelle Yee Mun Teo, Lionel Lian Aun In, Siok Koon Yeo, Bhesh Bhandari, Liew Phing Pui","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2255646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2255646","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThere is an increasing trend toward delivering therapeutics such as vaccines using lyophilized, food-grade recombinant live cultures. The addition of protectants and proper packaging could improve the properties and stability of the powder. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the powder characteristics, moisture sorption isotherm, and shelf-life prediction of the freeze-dried recombinant Lactococcus lactis NZ3900-fermented milk powder with protectants (1:1 maltodextrin:trehalose) in vacuum packaging. The freeze-dried fermented milk powder with protectants demonstrated good flow and rehydration properties with 0.98 flow stability, 4350 g/mm cake strength, 4.45 mm cohesion index, and 89% dispersibility. The freeze-dried fermented milk powder displayed a type III isotherm curve with a predicted shelf-life of 33.7 and 46.3 days in aluminum polyethylene and 4-ply retortable polypropylene–polyamide–aluminum–polyethylene terephthalate, respectively, at 38 °C and 90% RH. The good characteristics of freeze-dried recombinant L. lactis-fermented milk powder with protectants display its potential as a powder product for vaccine delivery.Keywords: Freeze-dryingfermented milkfood-grade culturegenetically-modified foodmoisture sorption isothermshelf-life prediction AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank Paul Etim Effiong for the construction of Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 harboring pNZ8149 expressing USP45-139A-68V-TTD used in this study.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the UCSI Research Excellence & Innovation Grant (REIG) under REIG-FAS-2020-003.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2255391
Léa van der Werf, Simone Cavalera, Charlotte Delpech, Arnaud Chapuis, Francis Courtois
AbstractDrying is a a critical step in many food processes, e.g. in the production of cassava flour. No specific Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tool is available to assist in the design of cassava drying equipment. In this study, a convective-diffusive model was selected in the literature for its genericity and suitability for engineering purposes. Three drying kinetics were sufficient to identify the required temperature-dependent effective diffusivity. They were measured under 40–80°C air, flowing perpendicular to the cassava cylinders. For validation, a total of 36 kinetics were measured on four cassava products of different origins, levels of transformation, geometries, dried in air flows at 40–80°C, parallel or perpendicular to the product layer. Using 3 properties taken from the literature and few straightforward lab measurements, the model was able to accurately predict (RMSE: 0.04 d.b.) all drying kinetics for cassava products from flour to root cuts.Keywords: Dryingsimulationdiffusivitycassava AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Dr. Jean-Michel Méot for his advice and his expertise. The author also thank Jean-Paul Fleuriot for his technical support. They also extend their thanks to Pr. Noël Akissoé’s research team at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), Bénin; Alexandre Bouniol; and the cassava processors from Kétou, Bénin, to help them to acquire the fermented roots. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Dr. Dominique Dufour for facilitating this work as RTB project coordinator.Correction StatementThis article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.Disclosure statementThe authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.Notes1 The fan motor had a power of 4 kW and was controlled by a 20−50 Hz frequency inverter. The steam generator had a capacity of 10 kg·h−1, 0 to 100 % adjustable. The electrical resistances had a power of 12 kW, and were controlled by a dimmer switch with 0−100 % modulation.2 https://imagej.net/Additional informationFundingThe research conducted in preparation for this study was undertaken as part of, and funded by, the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) and supported by CGIAR Trust Fund contributors (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/) and French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France.
{"title":"A generic drying model for cassava products","authors":"Léa van der Werf, Simone Cavalera, Charlotte Delpech, Arnaud Chapuis, Francis Courtois","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2255391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2255391","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDrying is a a critical step in many food processes, e.g. in the production of cassava flour. No specific Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tool is available to assist in the design of cassava drying equipment. In this study, a convective-diffusive model was selected in the literature for its genericity and suitability for engineering purposes. Three drying kinetics were sufficient to identify the required temperature-dependent effective diffusivity. They were measured under 40–80°C air, flowing perpendicular to the cassava cylinders. For validation, a total of 36 kinetics were measured on four cassava products of different origins, levels of transformation, geometries, dried in air flows at 40–80°C, parallel or perpendicular to the product layer. Using 3 properties taken from the literature and few straightforward lab measurements, the model was able to accurately predict (RMSE: 0.04 d.b.) all drying kinetics for cassava products from flour to root cuts.Keywords: Dryingsimulationdiffusivitycassava AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Dr. Jean-Michel Méot for his advice and his expertise. The author also thank Jean-Paul Fleuriot for his technical support. They also extend their thanks to Pr. Noël Akissoé’s research team at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), Bénin; Alexandre Bouniol; and the cassava processors from Kétou, Bénin, to help them to acquire the fermented roots. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Dr. Dominique Dufour for facilitating this work as RTB project coordinator.Correction StatementThis article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.Disclosure statementThe authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.Notes1 The fan motor had a power of 4 kW and was controlled by a 20−50 Hz frequency inverter. The steam generator had a capacity of 10 kg·h−1, 0 to 100 % adjustable. The electrical resistances had a power of 12 kW, and were controlled by a dimmer switch with 0−100 % modulation.2 https://imagej.net/Additional informationFundingThe research conducted in preparation for this study was undertaken as part of, and funded by, the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) and supported by CGIAR Trust Fund contributors (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/) and French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In order to optimize the microwave vacuum drying of raspberries, the temperature variation of different constant power microwave vacuum conditions was investigated. The conventional microwave vacuum drying (MVD) and the three different steady temperature control scheme was selected. A microwave intermittent vacuum drying scheme (MIVD), microwave vacuum drying power curves control scheme (MVD-T), and microwave vacuum drying power curves with intermittent control scheme (MIVD-T) were developed and conducted. As shown, temperatures under control schemes were all kept at more moderate ranges compared to constant power, where MIVD-T showed less fluctuation by adopting power curve changing with time as input variable. It was found that temperature control schemes could improve the appearance, as MVD-T and MIVD-T both reduced carbonization on the exterior and interior of raspberries. For antioxidant properties, there were differences between different schemes, in which MIVD-T could maintain more total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) compounds and keep other antioxidant compounds similar to other drying methods. Control schemes such as MIVD, MVD-T, and MIVD-T were effective in obtaining more steady temperature materials than conventional microwave vacuum drying and were beneficial for drying quality.
{"title":"Temperature control for microwave vacuum drying of raspberries","authors":"Qi Gao, Fang Wang, Jiaoling Wang, Vijaya Raghavan, Jingke Wu, Feihu Song, Guangyuan Jin, Weidong Song, Chunfang Song","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2254365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2254365","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to optimize the microwave vacuum drying of raspberries, the temperature variation of different constant power microwave vacuum conditions was investigated. The conventional microwave vacuum drying (MVD) and the three different steady temperature control scheme was selected. A microwave intermittent vacuum drying scheme (MIVD), microwave vacuum drying power curves control scheme (MVD-T), and microwave vacuum drying power curves with intermittent control scheme (MIVD-T) were developed and conducted. As shown, temperatures under control schemes were all kept at more moderate ranges compared to constant power, where MIVD-T showed less fluctuation by adopting power curve changing with time as input variable. It was found that temperature control schemes could improve the appearance, as MVD-T and MIVD-T both reduced carbonization on the exterior and interior of raspberries. For antioxidant properties, there were differences between different schemes, in which MIVD-T could maintain more total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) compounds and keep other antioxidant compounds similar to other drying methods. Control schemes such as MIVD, MVD-T, and MIVD-T were effective in obtaining more steady temperature materials than conventional microwave vacuum drying and were beneficial for drying quality.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2255272
Yuji Tatemoto, Yutaro Koda
Abstract Maintaining a constant drying rate during the drying process is difficult in organic solvents with high evaporation rates. The liquid supply method was adopted in this study to evaluate the drying characteristics during a constant drying rate period. Accordingly, the effect of the absolute humidity of water vapor on the drying characteristics was examined. With an aqueous ethanol solution, the water vapor in the drying gas dissolves in the liquid phase on the material surface, and the gas-liquid equilibrium governs the drying characteristics. With n-hexane, the water vapor in the drying gas condenses on the surface of the drying material. Although water does not dissolve in the liquid phase, it affects the drying characteristics.
{"title":"Evaluation of the constant drying rate of organic solvents using a liquid supply method","authors":"Yuji Tatemoto, Yutaro Koda","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2255272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2255272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Maintaining a constant drying rate during the drying process is difficult in organic solvents with high evaporation rates. The liquid supply method was adopted in this study to evaluate the drying characteristics during a constant drying rate period. Accordingly, the effect of the absolute humidity of water vapor on the drying characteristics was examined. With an aqueous ethanol solution, the water vapor in the drying gas dissolves in the liquid phase on the material surface, and the gas-liquid equilibrium governs the drying characteristics. With n-hexane, the water vapor in the drying gas condenses on the surface of the drying material. Although water does not dissolve in the liquid phase, it affects the drying characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2253407
Keshav Kant
A global overview of emerging and innovative thermal drying technologies shows that they are driven by the need for enhanced dried product quality, higher thermal efficiency, improved safety, and reduced environmental degradation. This includes many technologies that are already commercialized or show the potential for imminent industrial exploitation. In the near future, it will be essential to ensure net or near net zero emissions of greenhouse gases, which means any carbon emissions created are balanced by taking the same amount of carbon out of the atmosphere. Biomass has historically been widely used in many drying applications. In recent years, it has been converted into biogas or liquid biofuels. Further, biofuels are being derived from non-edible vegetable oils, so as not to interfere with the food chain and concerns over food insecurity. Alcohols can be made from sugar or sugarcontaining materials, starch or starch-containing materials, and also lignocellulosic biomass. Biodiesel can be obtained from various edible and non-edible oils, seeds of various crops and also from algae, fungi and lignocellulosic biomass. Dimethyl ether, which is a synthetic future fuel, can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass and can be blended with diesel for use in vehicles. Such renewable fuels are a good option to replace fossil fuels as the source of thermal energy for industrial drying. Renewable fuels such as hydrogen, compressed air and synthetic methanol have a large potential to provide sustainable energy for drying. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, but it is a good fuel, which can be obtained both from renewable and nonrenewable sources. Renewable methane can be obtained from a number of routes: (i) anaerobic decay/biological or chemical processes (ii) thermal gasification of organic materials and (iii) landfills generally from municipal solid wastes. The dry mass of biological materials cycling in the biosphere is about 250� 10 ton/year, incorporating about 100� 10 ton/year of carbon. The associated energy bound in photosynthesis is 0.634� 10 kW. Of this, about 0.5% by weight of biomass is used as crops for human food. Biomass provides about 13% of mankind’s energy consumption, including much for domestic use in developing countries, but also significant amounts in developed economies. Carbon released from the burning of biomass is neutralized via photosynthesis, which generates energy from biomass and is ‘carbon neutral.’ Approximately one out of every nine people in the world is undernourished. Worldwide, approximately 1.3 billion tons of food meant for human consumption is lost for diverse reasons on a yearly basis. This is equivalent to 32.5% of the total production. To address this challenge, several technologies and methods have been developed. Although there are numerous mechanical, electrical and natural convection methods of drying, for small-scale farmers in the developing world, the use of passive solar dryers is a viable option,
{"title":"Renewable fuels for sustainability of industrial drying","authors":"Keshav Kant","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2253407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2253407","url":null,"abstract":"A global overview of emerging and innovative thermal drying technologies shows that they are driven by the need for enhanced dried product quality, higher thermal efficiency, improved safety, and reduced environmental degradation. This includes many technologies that are already commercialized or show the potential for imminent industrial exploitation. In the near future, it will be essential to ensure net or near net zero emissions of greenhouse gases, which means any carbon emissions created are balanced by taking the same amount of carbon out of the atmosphere. Biomass has historically been widely used in many drying applications. In recent years, it has been converted into biogas or liquid biofuels. Further, biofuels are being derived from non-edible vegetable oils, so as not to interfere with the food chain and concerns over food insecurity. Alcohols can be made from sugar or sugarcontaining materials, starch or starch-containing materials, and also lignocellulosic biomass. Biodiesel can be obtained from various edible and non-edible oils, seeds of various crops and also from algae, fungi and lignocellulosic biomass. Dimethyl ether, which is a synthetic future fuel, can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass and can be blended with diesel for use in vehicles. Such renewable fuels are a good option to replace fossil fuels as the source of thermal energy for industrial drying. Renewable fuels such as hydrogen, compressed air and synthetic methanol have a large potential to provide sustainable energy for drying. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, but it is a good fuel, which can be obtained both from renewable and nonrenewable sources. Renewable methane can be obtained from a number of routes: (i) anaerobic decay/biological or chemical processes (ii) thermal gasification of organic materials and (iii) landfills generally from municipal solid wastes. The dry mass of biological materials cycling in the biosphere is about 250� 10 ton/year, incorporating about 100� 10 ton/year of carbon. The associated energy bound in photosynthesis is 0.634� 10 kW. Of this, about 0.5% by weight of biomass is used as crops for human food. Biomass provides about 13% of mankind’s energy consumption, including much for domestic use in developing countries, but also significant amounts in developed economies. Carbon released from the burning of biomass is neutralized via photosynthesis, which generates energy from biomass and is ‘carbon neutral.’ Approximately one out of every nine people in the world is undernourished. Worldwide, approximately 1.3 billion tons of food meant for human consumption is lost for diverse reasons on a yearly basis. This is equivalent to 32.5% of the total production. To address this challenge, several technologies and methods have been developed. Although there are numerous mechanical, electrical and natural convection methods of drying, for small-scale farmers in the developing world, the use of passive solar dryers is a viable option,","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2251572
Shilpa R. Mandpe, Eknath Kole, V. Parate, A. Chatterjee, A. Mujumdar, J. Naik
Abstract Spray-dried Flurbiprofen (FLB) loaded polymeric nanoformulation using Eudragit L 100 and Ethylcellulose. They were optimized and evaluated. This study determined drug release (%) and encapsulation efficiency (%) by developing a nanoparticulate system using the design of experiment (DoE) approach. FLB is slightly soluble in water; it dissolves slowly and has a low oral bioavailability. FLB-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were produced by solvent evaporation and Spray drying technology. In this research, nanoparticle formulation was prepared by screening and optimization by approaching two different statistical methods (Plackett-Burman and Central composite Designs). The polymeric nanoparticles were evaluated for various characteristics, including drug release, percentage of encapsulation efficiency, X-ray diffraction (X-RD), surface morphology, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Based on the X-RD analysis, it was found that the drug was successfully incorporated into the polymeric nanoparticles. As a result of nanoparticles containing FLB, % Drug release values were found to be nearly 85-90% increased while % EE was observed in the range of 79-89%. An excellent sustained release, i.e., 14 h, is possible by combining Ethylcellulose (EC) and Eudragit L 100 (ED-100) polymers. The results are beneficial in identifying the ideal formulation parameters for effective encapsulation. Abbreviations: FLB: Flurbiprofen; API: Active pharmaceutical ingredient; DR: Drug release; EE: Encapsulation efficiency; DoE: Design of experiment; X-RD: X-ray diffraction; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.; PVA: Polyvinyl alcohol; EC: Ethylcellulose; EUGD: Eudragit L 100; NPs: Nanoparticles; PBD: Placket- Burman Design; CCD: Central Composite Design; CMV: Critical method variables; GIT: Gastrointestinal track; SLN: Solid lipid nanoparticles; NLC: Nanostructured lipid carriers; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; BCS: Biopharmaceutical classification system; PS: Particle size; PDI: Polydispersity Index; ZP: Zeta potential; FE-SEM: Field emission scanning electron microscopy; 2D: 2 Dimensional; 3D: 3 Dimensional GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Design, development, and evaluation of spray dried flurbiprofen loaded sustained release polymeric nanoparticles using QBD approach to manage inflammation","authors":"Shilpa R. Mandpe, Eknath Kole, V. Parate, A. Chatterjee, A. Mujumdar, J. Naik","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2251572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2251572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spray-dried Flurbiprofen (FLB) loaded polymeric nanoformulation using Eudragit L 100 and Ethylcellulose. They were optimized and evaluated. This study determined drug release (%) and encapsulation efficiency (%) by developing a nanoparticulate system using the design of experiment (DoE) approach. FLB is slightly soluble in water; it dissolves slowly and has a low oral bioavailability. FLB-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were produced by solvent evaporation and Spray drying technology. In this research, nanoparticle formulation was prepared by screening and optimization by approaching two different statistical methods (Plackett-Burman and Central composite Designs). The polymeric nanoparticles were evaluated for various characteristics, including drug release, percentage of encapsulation efficiency, X-ray diffraction (X-RD), surface morphology, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Based on the X-RD analysis, it was found that the drug was successfully incorporated into the polymeric nanoparticles. As a result of nanoparticles containing FLB, % Drug release values were found to be nearly 85-90% increased while % EE was observed in the range of 79-89%. An excellent sustained release, i.e., 14 h, is possible by combining Ethylcellulose (EC) and Eudragit L 100 (ED-100) polymers. The results are beneficial in identifying the ideal formulation parameters for effective encapsulation. Abbreviations: FLB: Flurbiprofen; API: Active pharmaceutical ingredient; DR: Drug release; EE: Encapsulation efficiency; DoE: Design of experiment; X-RD: X-ray diffraction; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.; PVA: Polyvinyl alcohol; EC: Ethylcellulose; EUGD: Eudragit L 100; NPs: Nanoparticles; PBD: Placket- Burman Design; CCD: Central Composite Design; CMV: Critical method variables; GIT: Gastrointestinal track; SLN: Solid lipid nanoparticles; NLC: Nanostructured lipid carriers; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; BCS: Biopharmaceutical classification system; PS: Particle size; PDI: Polydispersity Index; ZP: Zeta potential; FE-SEM: Field emission scanning electron microscopy; 2D: 2 Dimensional; 3D: 3 Dimensional GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2252050
A. S. Souza, T. C. S. Souza Pinto, Alfredo M. Sarkis, T. F. Pádua, R. Béttega
Abstract In this research, a granular Eulerian multiphase model coupled with heat and mass transfer was used to simulate the convective drying process of iron ore fines. The CFD model was validated with experimental data for different air temperatures and air velocities. Convective drying experiments were performed using laboratory-scale equipment in order to obtain drying kinetics data for iron ore fines at air temperatures up to 140 °C and air velocities up to 15 m/s. The drying system had combined characteristics of fluidized bed and pneumatic transport. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data (average RMSE of 3.9 × 10−3) for the moisture content for nine drying air conditions. Since the coupled momentum, heat and mass transfer model could accurately and validly estimate the drying rate for iron ore fines according to the local conditions of the drying air in laboratory-scale equipment, it has potential for application in CFD simulations of industrial-scale equipment.
{"title":"Convective drying of iron ore fines: A CFD model validated for different air temperatures and air velocities","authors":"A. S. Souza, T. C. S. Souza Pinto, Alfredo M. Sarkis, T. F. Pádua, R. Béttega","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2252050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2252050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this research, a granular Eulerian multiphase model coupled with heat and mass transfer was used to simulate the convective drying process of iron ore fines. The CFD model was validated with experimental data for different air temperatures and air velocities. Convective drying experiments were performed using laboratory-scale equipment in order to obtain drying kinetics data for iron ore fines at air temperatures up to 140 °C and air velocities up to 15 m/s. The drying system had combined characteristics of fluidized bed and pneumatic transport. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data (average RMSE of 3.9 × 10−3) for the moisture content for nine drying air conditions. Since the coupled momentum, heat and mass transfer model could accurately and validly estimate the drying rate for iron ore fines according to the local conditions of the drying air in laboratory-scale equipment, it has potential for application in CFD simulations of industrial-scale equipment.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42884968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2251050
Sara Zielinska, I. Staniszewska, Zi-Liang Liu, D. Zielinska, Zhongli Pan, Hongwei Xiao, M. Zielińska
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma pretreatment (CP) on the drying kinetics, physicochemical properties, content of chlorophylls (alpha and beta), lycopene, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of hot air impingement dried (HAID) okra pods. CP treatment significantly increased moisture diffusivity from 3.04 x 10−9 to 5.07 x 10−9 m2/s and decreased the HAID time by 38%, i.e., from 235 to 145 min. CP resulted in a reduction of alpha chlorophyll and lycopene contents, whereas the combination of CP and HAID allowed both chlorophylls to be preserved. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that CP-treated samples showed lower content of phenolic compounds, while combination of CP for 15 s and HAID provided excellent preservation of these compounds. The results show that the combination of the advanced CP treatment and HAID method was useful to obtain optimal results for both drying kinetics and the quality of okra pods.
{"title":"Effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma pretreatment on the drying kinetics, physicochemical properties and selected bioactive compounds of okra pods subjected to hot air impingement drying","authors":"Sara Zielinska, I. Staniszewska, Zi-Liang Liu, D. Zielinska, Zhongli Pan, Hongwei Xiao, M. Zielińska","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2251050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2251050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma pretreatment (CP) on the drying kinetics, physicochemical properties, content of chlorophylls (alpha and beta), lycopene, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of hot air impingement dried (HAID) okra pods. CP treatment significantly increased moisture diffusivity from 3.04 x 10−9 to 5.07 x 10−9 m2/s and decreased the HAID time by 38%, i.e., from 235 to 145 min. CP resulted in a reduction of alpha chlorophyll and lycopene contents, whereas the combination of CP and HAID allowed both chlorophylls to be preserved. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that CP-treated samples showed lower content of phenolic compounds, while combination of CP for 15 s and HAID provided excellent preservation of these compounds. The results show that the combination of the advanced CP treatment and HAID method was useful to obtain optimal results for both drying kinetics and the quality of okra pods.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43552800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2245891
Dongbiao Jin, Houjuan Mao, Jie Xiao, Huanhuan Zhang, M. Woo, Xiao Dong Chen, N. Fu
Abstract Changes in the viability of probiotic cells during spray drying were tracked, by developing an inactivation model of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and coupling the model to the drying kinetics of spray drying using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. Six inactivation models in the Arrhenius-equation form were developed using single droplet drying experiments with average drying rates of 0.011–0.044 kg/kg/s; all gave reliable goodness-of-fit. In simulating spray drying process, the predicted moisture content of LGG-containing particles well followed experimental trends. However, only inactivation model 6, which incorporated droplet temperature, moisture content, rate of temperature change, and drying rate, accurately predicted the survival of LGG. Models 1–5 that incorporated fewer kinetics parameters with higher activation energy values underestimated the degree of inactivation. The findings highlighted the crucial effects of the rates of temperature and moisture content change on the inactivation of probiotics during rapid drying with average drying rates of 0.31–0.81 kg/kg/s.
{"title":"Modeling the inactivation kinetics of lactic acid bacteria in a spray dryer","authors":"Dongbiao Jin, Houjuan Mao, Jie Xiao, Huanhuan Zhang, M. Woo, Xiao Dong Chen, N. Fu","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2245891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2245891","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Changes in the viability of probiotic cells during spray drying were tracked, by developing an inactivation model of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and coupling the model to the drying kinetics of spray drying using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. Six inactivation models in the Arrhenius-equation form were developed using single droplet drying experiments with average drying rates of 0.011–0.044 kg/kg/s; all gave reliable goodness-of-fit. In simulating spray drying process, the predicted moisture content of LGG-containing particles well followed experimental trends. However, only inactivation model 6, which incorporated droplet temperature, moisture content, rate of temperature change, and drying rate, accurately predicted the survival of LGG. Models 1–5 that incorporated fewer kinetics parameters with higher activation energy values underestimated the degree of inactivation. The findings highlighted the crucial effects of the rates of temperature and moisture content change on the inactivation of probiotics during rapid drying with average drying rates of 0.31–0.81 kg/kg/s.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47216424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2244058
Nevzat Konar, Y. Durmaz, Basak Gurbuz, Derya Genc Polat, B. Mert
Abstract In this study, Dunaliella salina and Porphyridium cruentum biomass were encapsulated by using a spray-dryer (SD) and combined D-optimal method. The independent variables were SD inlet temperature (170–190 °C), maltodextrin (25–75%, w/w, in dm), and microalgae biomass (25–75%, w/w, in dm). Prior to spray drying, P. cruentum and D. salina were cultivated in a pilot scale tubular photobioreactor and than harvested using a conical plate centrifuge. Significant models were determined for the effects of independent variables on total carotenoids, chlorophyll-a, crude protein, moisture contents and encapsulation yield (EY), water activity, average particle size, wettability, hygroscopicity, L* and C* properties for both microalgae species (p < .05). Due to the low EY (11.1–33.1%), we recommend encapsulation and drying of P. cruentum biomass with alternative methods to SD. The extracellular, as well as the cell wall and storage polysaccharides released into the culture medium of these microalgae are possible reasons for the low EY.
{"title":"Spray-drying optimization for Dunaliella salina and Porphyridium cruentum biomass","authors":"Nevzat Konar, Y. Durmaz, Basak Gurbuz, Derya Genc Polat, B. Mert","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2244058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2244058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, Dunaliella salina and Porphyridium cruentum biomass were encapsulated by using a spray-dryer (SD) and combined D-optimal method. The independent variables were SD inlet temperature (170–190 °C), maltodextrin (25–75%, w/w, in dm), and microalgae biomass (25–75%, w/w, in dm). Prior to spray drying, P. cruentum and D. salina were cultivated in a pilot scale tubular photobioreactor and than harvested using a conical plate centrifuge. Significant models were determined for the effects of independent variables on total carotenoids, chlorophyll-a, crude protein, moisture contents and encapsulation yield (EY), water activity, average particle size, wettability, hygroscopicity, L* and C* properties for both microalgae species (p < .05). Due to the low EY (11.1–33.1%), we recommend encapsulation and drying of P. cruentum biomass with alternative methods to SD. The extracellular, as well as the cell wall and storage polysaccharides released into the culture medium of these microalgae are possible reasons for the low EY.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48001516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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