Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity最新文献

Purpose: This paper examines transgressive eroticism-specifically the phenomenon of "Overlove"-as an experiential field that both constructs and dissolves embodied selfhood. It asks how hyper-intense erotic practices function not merely as psychopathological symptoms but as existential strategies that disrupt normative consciousness and enable novel forms of self-other relations.

Methods: Through phenomenological and conceptual analysis, the study draws on Georges Bataille's writings, clinical literature on psychopathology, and interpretive readings of literary and case-study material to map the experiential structures and effects of transgressive eroticism on bodily consciousness.

Results: Transgressive eroticism acts as an "anti-moral" force that dismantles subject-object binaries, revealing an elemental layer of being; it dissolves self-boundaries via dissipation and ecstatic union with others. These practices operate as existential praxis rather than mere pathological symptoms. The phenomenology of transgressive eroticism uncovers utopian potentials for new collective intimacies.

Conclusions: By reframing overlove as a dialectical engagement with the boundaries of selfhood, this study challenges entrenched psychiatric binaries and advocates for a clinical ethos attentive to both its hazards and its generative potential. Future research should investigate how the understanding of transgressive erotic practices can enrich therapeutic strategies, ethical frameworks, and theoretical models of identity, agency, and relationality.

Level of evidence: Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for obesity, but it often leads to significant changes in body composition, including loss of fat-free mass (FFM). Nutritional intake plays a crucial role in influencing these changes. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of nutritional strategies on body composition, specifically FFM preservation, following BS.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using combinations of terms including ("bariatric surgery" OR "RYGB" OR "sleeve gastrectomy") AND ("nutritional intake" OR "dietary factors") AND ("lean body mass" OR "fat-free mass" OR "body composition"). We included studies examining adults who underwent bariatric surgery and reported quantitative relationships between postoperative nutritional intake (assessed through dietary records, recalls, or biomarkers) and changes in LBM/FFM. Data were extracted and synthesized to evaluate the effects of specific nutritional factors including protein quantity/quality, macronutrient distribution, and micronutrient status on body composition outcomes.

Results: Inadequate protein intake (< 60 g/day or < 1.2 g/kg ideal body weight) was common post-BS and associated with significant FFM loss (5-15% reduction). Higher protein intake (≥ 60 g/day or ≥ 1.2 g/kg) preserved FFM, particularly during the first 6 months, though results varied due to differences in study design and assessment methods. Macronutrient analysis revealed carbohydrate intake > 130 g/day correlated with poorer weight loss outcomes, while fat intake > 60 g/day was associated with greater FFM loss (2-4% additional reduction). Conversely, fiber intake > 25 g/day demonstrated protective effects. One trial of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet demonstrated mixed body composition impacts.

Conclusion: Adequate protein intake is crucial for minimizing FFM loss after BS. Personalized nutrition plans, early counseling, and regular follow-ups are vital for improving long-term outcomes. However, variability in study results highlights the need for more research to develop standardized nutritional guidelines for post-surgery care.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease affecting millions of people, with obesity being a common comorbidity. Many studies suggest that obesity may influence the onset and treatment efficacy of psoriasis. Currently, increasing evidence indicates that abdominal obesity is associated with various metabolic diseases, but research on the relationship between abdominal obesity and psoriasis remains limited. This study uses advanced obesity indicators such as the conicity index and body roundness index to explore the association between abdominal obesity and psoriasis.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis that uses univariate regression analysis and weighted multivariable logistic regression to investigate the relationship between conicity index, android percent fat, body roundness index, and psoriasis. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to explore the nonlinear association between these indicators and psoriasis. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also conducted.

Results: A total of 4873 participants were included in this study. After adjusting for confounding variables, the results showed a positive correlation between conicity index, android percent fat, body roundness index, and the risk of psoriasis. When conicity index, android percent fat, and body roundness index were converted into quartiles (Q1-Q4), the risk of psoriasis in the Q4 group was significantly higher compared to the Q1 group (conicity index: p = 0.032, android percent fat: p = 0.020, body roundness index: p = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis and interaction tests, no significant interaction between the conicity index, body roundness index, and the association with psoriasis was found (p > 0.05). The results only suggest that the poverty income ratio (PIR), marital status, and alcohol consumption may influence the relationship between android percent fat and psoriasis. In addition, subgroup analysis based on age shows that the association between abdominal obesity and psoriasis is more significant in the population over 40 years old.

Conclusions: After adjusting for covariates, the study found that three abdominal obesity indicators-conicity index, android percentage fat, and body roundness index-are positively correlated with psoriasis risk, suggesting that the association between abdominal obesity and psoriasis as a comorbidity is more likely to occur, emphasizing the clinical significance of this link.

Level of evidence: Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.

One of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations is to enhance scientific research and substantially increase the number of public and private research and development spending (SDG Target 9.5). What types of research should be carried out in the field of orthorexia nervosa (ON)? Fundamental, applied, comparative, exploratory, laboratory, longitudinal or mixed research? How can we utilize our previous misinterpretations to develop a more accurate understanding of ON? Do we need more research in this field? These and other questions encourage us to publicly debate on ON, which is why we would like to express our position on this issue.Level of evidence: Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

Overweight and obesity are substantial, growing public health concerns due to their huge direct and indirect negative impact on health. Obesity-associated complications and comorbid conditions include metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, liver and respiratory diseases, cancers, and functional limitations, leading to higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and incident disability. The development of rigorous guidelines considering and comparing all possible therapeutic strategies is of critical importance, and a relevant tool for improving the quality of care and increasing the appropriateness of therapeutic choices. The Italian National Institute of Health (ISS-Istituto Superiore di Sanità) appointed the Italian Obesity Society (SIO-Società Italiana dell'Obesità) and other key scientific societies with a relevant stakeholder role on the theme issue to design and develop a new Italian guideline for the management of obesity in adult subjects, aimed at assisting healthcare professionals in the consideration of lifestyle, pharmacological, endoscopic, and surgical options for the treatment of overweight and obesity, as well as related conditions. We adopted Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology, strongly endorsed by Istituto Superiore di Sanità to develop trustworthy guidelines to be accepted onto Sistema Nazionale Linee Guida, the reference repository of national clinical practice guidelines for the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale.

Purpose: Eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), are complex psychiatric conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Neuroimaging and machine learning (ML) represent promising approaches to improve diagnosis, understand pathophysiological mechanisms, and predict treatment response. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the application of ML techniques to neuroimaging data in EDs.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42024628157), we systematically searched PubMed and APA PsycINFO for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed human studies using neuroimaging and ML methods applied to AN, BN, or BED. Data extraction focused on study design, imaging modalities, ML techniques, and performance metrics. Quality was assessed using the GRADE framework and the ROBINS-I tool.

Results: Out of 185 records screened, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most applied support vector machines (SVMs) or other supervised ML models to structural MRI or diffusion tensor imaging data. Cortical thickness alterations in AN and diffusion-based metrics effectively distinguished ED subtypes. However, all studies were observational, heterogeneous, and at moderate to serious risk of bias. Sample sizes were small, and external validation was lacking.

Conclusion: ML applied to neuroimaging shows potential for improving ED characterization and outcome prediction. Nevertheless, methodological limitations restrict generalizability. Future research should focus on larger, multicenter, and multimodal studies to enhance clinical applicability.

Level of evidence: Level IV, multiple observational studies with methodological heterogeneity and moderate to serious risk of bias.

Background and objective: Suicidal ideation (SI) poses a significant public health challenge, and understanding its predictors, especially modifiable factors like visceral obesity, is essential for prevention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and suicidal ideation (SI) among adults in the United States.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using NHANES data from 2005-2018 included adults aged 18 and above with complete SI and VAI data. Suicidal thoughts were evaluated using item 9 from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), while VAI was calculated using gender-specific formulas based on waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), total triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented after adjusting for several factors to assess the relationship between VAI and SI. Additionally, subgroup analysis and interaction testing were employed to investigate the consistency of this relationship with other demographic parameters.

Result: Our study included a cohort of 15,830 participants, of whom 3.59% exhibited signs of suicidal ideation. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, we observed a significant positive association between VAI and SI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.04; P = 0.0057), which remained significant after adjusting for various confounding factors. Moreover, utilizing a two-segment linear regression approach, we uncovered a nonlinear relationship between VAI and SI, demonstrating a U-shaped pattern with a critical point at 5.28.

Conclusion: Elevated levels of VAI were consistently associated with an increased probability of SI, and this association remained consistent across various demographic variables. Level of evidence Level V-cross-sectional observational study.

Purpose: Food addiction involves excessive consumption of highly processed foods rich in salt, sugar, and fats driven by hedonic eating behaviors. Increased food addiction, especially among young adults, could potentially lead to eating disorders. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the magnitude and lifestyle determinants of food addiction in young adults from Mumbai, India METHODS: Healthy young adults (n = 354) aged 18-25 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Utilizing web-based platforms, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 was administered. Statistical analysis was performed with significance at a p value of ≤ 0.05.

Results: The mean age of participants was (20.99 ± 1.94) years, and the magnitude of food addiction was 11.3%. Sociodemographic determinants such as age (p = 0.000), socio-economic status (p = 0.000), and education (p = 0.000), and lifestyle determinants such as BMI (p = 0.012), dietary habits (p = 0.000), sleep (p = 0.001), physical activity (p = 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.001), and depression (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with food addiction. However, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, the relationship between lifestyle factors and food addiction became evident. The frequent consumption of specific unhealthy foods increased the risk (OR ≥ 1.0, p value ≤ 0.05), while the consumption of healthy foods reduced the risk (OR<1.0, p value ≤ 0.05) of food addiction.

Conclusion: The present study revealed a rising magnitude of food addiction and its determinants among Indian youth, highlighting the urgency of sensitization and designing targeted nutrition interventions to combat food-related addiction and hence reducing the risk of eating disorders.

Level of evidence: Level V, Descriptive Study.