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As a highly selective, recoverable, and low-cost process, macroporous resins (MPRs) are of interest for the purification of bioactive components from natural products. This guide takes super-crosslinked MPR as an example, and focuses on application of macroporous adsorption resin in polysaccharide purification, including pretreatment and regeneration of macroporous adsorption resin, various factors affecting the adsorption effect of macroporous adsorption resin, and adsorption mechanism of resin.

Studies have indicated the potential of oral elastin hydrolysates in repairing photoaging skin. To reveal the underlying mechanism, this study examined how two elastin-derived peptides (Gly-Leu-Gly-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly [GLGPGVG] and Pro-Tyr [PY]) repair ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and explored their digestive stability using UPLC-MS/MS. Results showed that UV-damaged HFFs treated with GLGPGVG showed higher superoxide dismutases (SOD) activity and cell viability compared with PY treatment. Furthermore, GLGPGVG even reversed UV-induced increase in reactive oxygen species, MMP-12 (elastase), elastin mRNA and intercellular Ca²⁺ levels, and decrease in elastin content. Intriguingly, in vitro digestion products from GLGPGVG retained approximately 60% of elastase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, a portion of GLGPGVG was observed to pass through the Caco-2 monolayer intact. These findings revealed that elastin-derived peptide GLGPGVG holds promise for passing through the gastrointestinal tract and exerting protective effects against photoaging through increasing SOD activity and inhibiting MMP-12 expression.

Arum elongatum has various bioactive compounds including phenolic acids and flavonoids that may have beneficial effects on human health. The main objectives of this study were to determine the phenolic profile of the A. elongatum plant together with the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total antioxidant capacities of A. elongatum infusions throughout gastrointestinal digestion. The samples used in the present study were obtained from two cities (C1 and C2) in Türkiye. According to the results, while the primary compounds found in sample C1 were vanillic acid (51.29 ± 2.61 ng/mg), p-coumaric acid (48.36 ± 2.84 ng/mg) and O-coumaric acid (156.02 ± 0.67 ng/mg); chlorogenic acid (50.63 ± 0.65 ng/mg), scutellarin (144.34 ± 0.74 ng/mg), and O-coumaric acid (53.34 ± 0.97 ng/mg) were the major compounds in C2 sample showing the differences between different locations. In addition to these, although both TPC and TFC values for C2 infusion (2960 ± 104 mg GAE/100 g and 397 ± 50 mg CE/100 g, respectively) were found to be higher than the infusion of sample C1, there were no significant differences between the TPC and TFC results after intestinal digestion (p > 0.05). Besides, TPC of the bioaccessible fractions of these two samples didn't show a significant difference (p > 0.05), whereas C1 infusion (202 ± 21%) presented a higher value than the C2 infusion (143 ± 12%) for their bioaccessible TFC value. Our results indicated that A. elongatum infusion may be a potential herbal tea due to its rich phenolic content, making it a suitable substitute for widely used herbal teas.

The emergence and spread of pathogenic bacterial resistance to many antibiotics are on the rise globally, thereby posing a significant threat to public health. In response, scientists are actively investigating alternative therapeutic agents to combat antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This review focuses on the antimicrobial effects of commonly consumed spices, namely garlic, chilli peppers, turmeric, ginger and black pepper, which have shown promising results in previous research. The review highlights the key phytochemicals, including allicin, ajoene, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, curcumin, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol and piperine, responsible for their antimicrobial activities. Various pharmacological experiments to elucidate the action mechanism and metabolism of those bioactive compounds are described. Moreover, the synergistic effects of these phytochemicals with conventional antibiotics are discussed, emphasizing the potential to reduce the required antibiotic dosage for effective microbial inhibition. The review also addresses the gaps in current research, such as the variations in antimicrobial assay results across different research groups and the incomplete understanding of the synergistic mechanisms between antibiotics and phytochemicals. Finally, future research directions and opportunities are suggested to further explore the antimicrobial potential of these spice-derived phytochemicals and bridge the existing knowledge gaps.

Cyclocarya paliurus has been widely applied for therapeutic feeding as a traditional Chinese medicine homologous food with high nutritional and medical value. Nevertheless, the specific bioactive compounds liable for hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. In the present study, the in vitro hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of C. paliurus were assessed by α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition assays, and the results indicated that 70% ethanol extract exhibited remarkable α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with the IC₅₀ value of 3.14 μg/mL and 0.98 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 18 and 15 potential ligand candidates were screened, and the chemical structures were characterized. Furthermore, the docking result showed that chlorogenic acid, quercetin, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside, and pterocaryoside A contributed to the underlying hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of C. paliurus, further strengthened the bindings of the enzyme-ligand complex and suppressed the enzyme's activity with the binding energies ranged from −4.00 to −6.31 kcal/mol. The interrelations between the specific bioactive constituents, α-glucosidase or lipase, and hypoglycemic or hypolipidemic activities were also carified. The present study reveals substantial prospects of C. paliurus to be developed as a natural dietotherapy, disease-prevention, and healthcare for diabetes and obesity in the near future.

Bio-active food coating having natural antioxidants has attained great attention these days. Polysaccharides extracted from bacteria, fungi, and plants are considered rich in antioxidant biomolecules. Chickpea hull which is a food waste material contains a substantial quantity of antioxidants and bioactive compounds. In this study, chitosan (CS)-based chickpea hull polysaccharides (CHPS) edible coating of cherry tomatoes was successfully fabricated. Cherry tomatoes were characterized in terms of physico-chemical characteristics and shelf life. In comparison to the control, it was discovered that the CS-incorporated CHPS coatings were successful at lowering the respiratory activity, total soluble solids, total polyphenols, firmness, weight loss, lycopene content, and vitamin C as well as improving the fruit's overall acceptability. The dose dependence of each of these effects was noticed. Conclusively, using CS-incorporated CHPS coatings could preserve the shelf life of cherry tomatoes. A useful and different approach to enhance the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes is to utilize CS-CHPS composite coatings.

Meat products are ubiquitously consumed for their higher protein content and characteristic organoleptic properties. The enhanced capacities of meat production to meet the demands of the rapidly increasing global population is causing serious issues relating to health, environment, and animal welfare. Suitable meat alternatives that are protein-rich, sustainable, and healthier are being continuously explored by scientists globally. In this direction, edible medicinal mushrooms can be used as promising healthier meat alternatives as they provide natural meaty texture, flavors and are also rich in proteins, essential amino acids, β-glucans, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and antioxidants. Mushrooms have proven medicinal benefits including anticancer, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present review is to highlight the potential of edible mushrooms to produce meat analogs, various meat and nonmeat-based studies focussing on mushrooms as key meat analog ingredients, impact on the product quality, associated nutraceutical aspects, consumer behavior and market availability of mushroom-based meat analogs.

People have become increasingly concerned about skin beauty and health issues, especially skin photoaging. Previous studies showed that skin photoaging was characterized by skin roughness and dryness. It was caused by UV radiation-related dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress. Therefore, to investigate the antiphotoaging activity of polysaccharides, it is critical to establish the skin photoaging model, including the in vitro cellular model and the in vivo animal model. The in vitro cellular model is judged by cell viability, the MMPs expression, oxidative detection, and the quantities of inflammation cytokines. Moreover, both the damage to the epidermis and dermis of nude mice and the change of collagen content in the skin are indicators of the in vivo animal model. Thus, in this guideline, we tried to summarize the practice of antiphotoaging activity for polysaccharides.

The effect of probiotics or probiotics add supplement on improving clinical outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) has produced conflicting results. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement on blood glucose, lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and depress score in patients with CHD. Search PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies from February 1974 to September 2022. Pooled results were calculated using a fixed-effect model to assess the effects of probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement in CHD. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials were included in this analysis. Overall, probiotics add supplement showed statistically significant reductions in triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, compared to the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.35 mg/dL; SMD: −0.64 μIU/mL; SMD: −0.90; SMD: −0.57 mg/dL; SMD: −0.60 pg/mL; SMD: −0.52; respectively), but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide (NO) were statistically significant increased (SMD: 0.45 mg/dL; SMD: 1.01 μmol/L; respectively). Then, probiotics showed statistically significant reductions in hs-CRP, and Beck Anxiety Inventory score BDI (SMD: −0.50 mg/dL; SMD: −0.67; SMD: −0.41; respectively). Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR, diastolic blood pressure, NO indicators may influence by patients age, body mass index (BMI), duration of the supplement and dose of probiotics. Our analysis showed that probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement improved glucolipid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and depressive disorder, particularly the patients who ages ≥60, baseline BMI <30 kg/m², duration of intervention more than 12 weeks and the dose of probiotics ≥8 × 10⁹ CFU/day. The PROSPERO ID was CRD42022357385.

Aronia melanocarpa is rich in anthocyanin, among which cyanidin-3-galactoside (C3G) is the most abundant. Here, we established an experimental model of mice and alveolar macrophage cell line MH-S exposed to PM10, and C3G was administered to explore the underlying mechanism of C3G exerting protective effects on PM10-induced lung inflammation. The results showed C3G alleviated PM10-induced lung inflammation by reducing matrix metalloproteinases production at both gene and protein levels as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Autophagy was activated in PM10-injured alveolar macrophages (AMs), and C3G promoted autophagy indicated by LC3, BECN1, Atg5, Bcl-2, and P62 expression, and C3G further resisted PM10-induced AMs apoptosis. Besides, C3G could promote Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy of AMs to alleviate the overexpression of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) so that maintain mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP productions to restrict the distribution of Cyt-c and further reduce the increasing of caspase 3/7 activity. Therefore, C3G enhanced the clearance of PM10-damaged mitochondria by promoting AMs mitophagy, thereby reducing the activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway and the production of excess ROS, which reduced AMs apoptosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors to ameliorate PM10-induced pulmonary inflammation, suggesting that C3G may be as a functional food ingredient with the potential to improve lung health.