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Correction: Encyclopaedic Review of Glipizide Pre-clinical and Clinical Status. 更正:格列吡嗪临床前和临床状态百科全书。
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1055/a-2321-8886
Saad Mohammed, Tarique Mahmood, Arshiya Shamim, Farogh Ahsan, Mohammad Shariq, Saba Parveen, Rufaida Waseem, Aditya Singh
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic Effects of Tamsulosin in Nightmare Disorder: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over, Pilot Study. 坦索罗辛对梦魇症的治疗效果:一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉试验研究。
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1055/a-2226-3604
Negin Naderifar, Elnaz Roohi, Ali Sharifi, Nemat Jaafari, Farshad Hashemian

Nightmare disorder is associated with functional impairment, distress, and low quality of life; however, studies on pharmacotherapy of this debilitating disorder yielded mixed results. Prazosin, a non-selective α1 blocker is reported to be effective in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder-related nightmares. We aimed at investigating therapeutic effects of tamsulosin which has higher affinity for blocking α1A and α1D adrenoceptors in treatment of nightmare disorder. A randomized, double blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to receive Tamsulosin 0.4 mg once daily or placebo for period of four weeks. Following a 2-week wash-out period, they were crossed over to the other group and received drug or placebo for duration of 4 additional weeks. Nightmare frequency and intensity measurements were carried out using Disturbing Dreams and Nightmares Severity Index (DDNSI). Blood pressure measurements were also performed. According to per protocol analysis, mean DDNSI scores decreased following administration of tamsulosin and a statistical trend towards significance was reported (p=0.065, d=0.236). Results of intention to treat analysis showed significant difference in DDNSI scores after drug use (p=0.030, d=0.651). Additionally, DDNSI scores dropped significantly following placebo use. However, intention to treat analysis showed no statistically significant difference pre and post placebo period (0.064, d=0.040). Tamsulosin may be effective in treatment of nightmare disorder. However, further larger clinical trials are recommended to clarify the effectiveness of tamsulosin and α1 subtypes in pharmacotherapy of nightmares.

噩梦障碍与功能障碍、痛苦和生活质量低下有关;然而,针对这种使人衰弱的障碍的药物疗法研究结果不一。据报道,非选择性α1受体阻滞剂哌唑嗪可有效治疗创伤后应激障碍相关噩梦。坦索罗辛对阻断α1A和α1D肾上腺素受体具有更高的亲和力,我们旨在研究坦索罗辛在治疗噩梦障碍方面的疗效。我们进行了一项随机、双盲、交叉、安慰剂对照试验研究。患者被随机分配接受坦索罗辛 0.4 毫克,每天一次或安慰剂,为期四周。经过两周的冲淡期后,他们被交叉分配到另一组,再接受为期四周的药物或安慰剂治疗。恶梦频率和强度的测量采用干扰性梦境和恶梦严重程度指数(DDNSI)。同时还进行了血压测量。根据方案分析,服用坦索罗辛后,DDNSI评分平均值有所下降,并呈显著统计学趋势(p=0.065,d=0.236)。意向治疗分析结果显示,用药后 DDNSI 评分有显著差异(p=0.030,d=0.651)。此外,使用安慰剂后,DDNSI 分数也明显下降。然而,意向治疗分析表明,使用安慰剂前后的差异无统计学意义(0.064,d=0.040)。坦索罗辛可能对治疗梦魇症有效。不过,建议进一步开展更大规模的临床试验,以明确坦索罗辛和α1亚型在恶梦药物治疗中的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Levodopa Stearic Acid Hydrazide Conjugate for the Management of Parkinson's DiseaseNovel Conjugate for Parkinson's Disease. 用于治疗帕金森病的左旋多巴硬脂酸肼共轭物的设计、合成和体外评估--治疗帕金森病的新型共轭物。
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1055/a-2234-9859
Vasanthi Chinraj, Ramakkamma Aishwarya Reddy, Jubie Selvaraj, Raman Sureshkumar

Parkinson's disease is the highest prevalent neurodegenerative disease in elderly individuals after Alzheimer's disease. The pathological identification for Parkinson's disease is loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra region of the brain that in turn leads to dopamine deficiency that affects the body's normal physiological and neurological disorder. The important drawback in the modality of treatment is levodopa is only supplying depleted dopamine in the brain, it does not affect neurodegeneration. Even though levodopa manages the disease, an alternative treatment strategy is required to stop or prevent further degeneration of neuron. The compound with neuroprotector activity suits the requirement. Of them, stearic acid plays a vital role in protecting neurons against oxidative stress through a Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. Hence, our present study aimed to design, synthesize, and characterize the levodopa stearic acid hydrazide conjugate. Additionally, evaluate the cytotoxicity of synthesized compound in SHSY5Y: cell lines. In brief, levodopa was conjugated to the stearic acid successfully and was confirmed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance, and Mass Spectroscopy. In vitro cell viability study in SHSY5Y: cell lines showed elevated cell viability in 0.134 µm concentration of Conjugate, and 0.563 µm concentration of levodopa. Showing that the synthesized compound could offer an improved treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease.

帕金森病是继阿尔茨海默病之后老年人发病率最高的神经退行性疾病。帕金森病的病理特征是大脑黑质区多巴胺能神经元的缺失,进而导致多巴胺缺乏,影响人体正常的生理和神经功能紊乱。这种治疗方法的重要缺陷在于,左旋多巴只能补充大脑中耗竭的多巴胺,并不能影响神经变性。尽管左旋多巴能控制病情,但仍需要另一种治疗策略来阻止或预防神经元的进一步退化。具有神经保护活性的化合物符合这一要求。其中,硬脂酸在通过磷酸肌酸 3- 激酶依赖机制保护神经元免受氧化应激方面发挥着重要作用。因此,本研究旨在设计、合成和表征左旋多巴硬脂酸酰肼共轭物。此外,还要评估合成化合物在 SHSY5Y 细胞系中的细胞毒性。简而言之,左旋多巴与硬脂酸成功共轭,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱进行了确认。在 SHSY5Y 细胞系中进行的体外细胞存活率研究表明,0.134 µm 浓度的共轭物和 0.563 µm 浓度的左旋多巴都能提高细胞存活率。这表明合成的化合物可为帕金森病提供一种更好的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Structure-Based Drug Design for Targeting IRE1: An in Silico Approach for Treatment of Cancer. 以 IRE1 为靶点的基于结构的药物设计:一种治疗癌症的硅学方法。
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1055/a-2211-2218
Alireza Poustforoosh, Sanaz Faramarz, Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi, Mehdi Mahmoodi, Mahdiyeh Azadpour

Background: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) play a key role in cancer progression. The aggregation of incorrectly folded proteins in the ER generates ER stress, which in turn activates the UPR as an adaptive mechanism to fix ER proteostasis. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is the most evolutionary conserved ER stress sensor, which plays a pro-tumoral role in various cancers. Targeting its' active sites is one of the most practical approaches for the treatment of cancers.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to use the structure of 4μ8C as a template to produce newly designed compounds as IRE1 inhibitors.

Methods: Various functional groups were added to the 4μ8C, and their binding affinity to the target sites was assessed by conducting a covalent molecular docking study. The potential of the designed compound for further in vitro and in vivo studies was evaluated using ADMET analysis.

Results: Based on the obtained results, the addition of hydroxyl groups to 4μ8C enhanced the binding affinity of the designed compound to the target efficiently. Compound 17, which was constructed by the addition of one hydroxyl group to the structure of 4μ8C, can construct a strong covalent bond with Lys907. The outcomes of ADMET analysis indicated that compound 17 could be considered a drug-like molecule.

Conclusion: Our results revealed that designed compound 17 could inhibit IRE1 activity. Therefore, this designed compound is a remarkable inhibitor of IRE1 and introduces a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.

背景:内质网(ER)应激和折叠蛋白反应(UPR)在癌症进展中起着关键作用。不正确折叠的蛋白质在内质网中聚集会产生内质网应激,反过来又会激活 UPR 作为一种适应性机制来维持内质网的蛋白稳态。肌醇需要酶1(IRE1)是进化过程中最保守的ER应激传感器,在各种癌症中发挥着促癌作用。靶向其活性位点是治疗癌症最实用的方法之一:本研究旨在以 4μ8C 的结构为模板,生产新设计的 IRE1 抑制剂化合物:方法:在 4μ8C 中加入各种官能团,通过共价分子对接研究评估它们与靶位点的结合亲和力。利用 ADMET 分析评估了所设计化合物在进一步体外和体内研究中的潜力:结果:根据所得结果,在 4μ8C 中添加羟基增强了所设计化合物与靶点的结合亲和力。在 4μ8C 结构中添加一个羟基而构建的化合物 17 能与 Lys907 构建强共价键。ADMET 分析结果表明,化合物 17 可被视为类药物分子:结论:我们的研究结果表明,设计的化合物 17 能抑制 IRE1 的活性。结论:我们的研究结果表明,所设计的化合物 17 能够抑制 IRE1 的活性,因此,该化合物是一种出色的 IRE1 抑制剂,为癌症治疗提供了一种前景广阔的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Biological Activity of a Coumarin Derivative on Heart Failure Using an Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model. 利用缺血/再灌注损伤模型研究香豆素衍生物对心力衰竭的生物活性
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1055/a-2228-4258
Lauro Figueroa-Valverde, Marcela Rosas-Nexticapa, Magdalena Alvarez-Ramirez, Montserrat Melgarejo-Gutiérrez, Virginia Mateu-Armand, Alejandra Garcimarrero-Espino

Heart failure is a health problem worldwide. There are some drugs for it, including digoxin, spironolactone, captopril, and valsartan, but some of these drugs can produce secondary effects, such as arrhythmia, cough, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and hypotension. The aim of this research was to evaluate the biological activity of coumarin (2H-chromen-2-one) and its derivatives (3BrAcet-C, 3-4Br-Ph-C, 4-CN-7D-C, 4-Me-7-Ph-C and 6Br-3-D-C) against ischemia/reperfusion injury as a therapeutic alternative for heart failure. In addition, the biological activity of the coumarin derivative 4-Me-7-Ph-C on left ventricular pressure (LVP) was determined in the absence or presence of ouabain and nifedipine at a dose of 1 nM using an isolated rat heart model. The results showed that i) the coumarin derivative 4-Me-7-Ph-C significantly decreased the infarct area (p+=+0.05) compared with 3BrAcet-C, 3-4Br-Ph-C, 4-CN-7D-C, and 6Br-3-D-C; and ii) 4-Me-7-Ph-C increased LVP in a dose-dependent manner, which effect was inhibited by nifedipine. These data suggest that coumarin 4-Me-7-Ph-C may act as a type-L calcium channel activator, so it could be a good agent to treat heart failure.

心力衰竭是世界性的健康问题。目前有一些治疗药物,包括地高辛、螺内酯、卡托普利和缬沙坦,但其中一些药物会产生副作用,如心律失常、咳嗽、高钾血症、低钠血症和低血压。本研究的目的是评估香豆素(2H-色烯-2-酮)及其衍生物(3BrAcet-C、3-4Br-Ph-C、4-CN-7D-C、4-Me-7-Ph-C 和 6Br-3-D-C)对缺血再灌注损伤的生物活性,作为心力衰竭的替代治疗药物。此外,还利用离体大鼠心脏模型测定了香豆素衍生物 4-Me-7-Ph-C 在无欧泊班和硝苯地平(剂量为 1 nM)或有欧泊班和硝苯地平存在时对左心室压力(LVP)的生物活性。结果显示:i)与 3BrAcet-C、3-4Br-Ph-C、4-CN-7D-C 和 6Br-3-D-C 相比,香豆素衍生物 4-Me-7-Ph-C 能显著减少梗塞面积(p+=+0.05);ii)4-Me-7-Ph-C 能以剂量依赖的方式增加左心室压,而硝苯地平能抑制这种效应。这些数据表明,香豆素 4-Me-7-Ph-C 可能是一种 L 型钙通道激活剂,因此它可能是一种治疗心力衰竭的良药。
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引用次数: 0
In-silico, Synthesis, Characterization, and In-vitro Studies on Benzylidene-based 2-chloroquinolin Derivatives as Free Radical Scavengers in Parkinson's Disease. 作为帕金森病自由基清除剂的亚苄基 2-氯喹啉衍生物的体内、合成、表征和体外研究
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1055/a-2231-1311
Gomathy Subramanian, Kaveri Prasad, Jagdish Chand, Thiyyar K Amarjith, Antony A Shanish

Parkinson's disease is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantial nigra part of the brain leading to neurodegeneration. Whereas, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial impairment are considered to be the major pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. The benzylidene-based 2-chloroquinolin derivatives were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and MS spectrometry which were screened using various in-silico approaches. The designed compounds were further assessed using in-vitro cytotoxicity assay by the MTT method, DPPH assay, and Glutathione measurements in the SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. The compounds JD-7 and JD-4 were found to have a binding affinity of - 7.941 and - 7.633 kcal/mol with an MMGBSA score of - 64.614 and - 62.817 kcal/mol. The compound JD-7 showed the highest % Cell viability of 87.64% at a minimal dose of 125 µg/mL by the MTT method. The neurotoxicity effects were observed at increasing concentrations from 0 to 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL. Further, free radical scavenging activity for the JD-7 was found to be 36.55 at lowest 125 µg/mL concentrations. At 125 µg/mL, GSH % and GSSG % were found to be increasing in rotenone treatment, whereas JD-7 and JD-4 were found in the downregulation of glutathione level in the pre-treated rotenone SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. The benzylidene-based chloroquinolin derivatives were synthesized, and among the compounds JD-1 to JD-13, the compounds JD-7, and JD-4 were found to have having highest % cell viability, free radical scavenging molecules, and glutathione levels in the SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines and could be used as free radical scavengers in Parkinson's disease.

帕金森病是大脑黑质部分多巴胺能神经元的丧失导致的神经变性。而活性氧和线粒体损伤被认为是神经变性的主要病理生理机制。我们合成了亚苄基 2-氯喹啉衍生物,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱分析对其进行了表征。通过 MTT 法、DPPH 法和谷胱甘肽测量法对 SHSY5Y 神经母细胞瘤细胞系进行体外细胞毒性检测,进一步评估了所设计的化合物。研究发现,化合物 JD-7 和 JD-4 的结合亲和力分别为 - 7.941 和 - 7.633 kcal/mol,MMGBSA 得分为 - 64.614 和 - 62.817 kcal/mol。通过 MTT 法,在 125 µg/mL 的最小剂量下,化合物 JD-7 的细胞存活率最高,达到 87.64%。在浓度从 0 到 125、250 和 500 微克/毫升不断增加的过程中,观察到了神经毒性效应。此外,在 125 µg/mL 的最低浓度下,JD-7 的自由基清除活性为 36.55。在 125 µg/mL 浓度下,发现在鱼藤酮处理中 GSH % 和 GSSG % 有所增加,而在预先处理过鱼藤酮的 SHSY5Y 神经母细胞瘤细胞系中,发现 JD-7 和 JD-4 会降低谷胱甘肽水平。在合成的亚苄基氯喹啉衍生物 JD-1 至 JD-13 中,发现化合物 JD-7 和 JD-4 在 SHSY5Y 神经母细胞瘤细胞系中的细胞存活率、自由基清除分子和谷胱甘肽水平最高,可用作帕金森病的自由基清除剂。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors on Advanced Glycation End Products. SGLT2 抑制剂和 DPP-4 抑制剂对高级糖化终产物的影响。
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1055/a-2234-1797
Masataka Kusunoki, Fumiya Hisano, Shin-Ichi Matsuda, Akiko Kusunoki, Tomokazu Abe, Kazuhiko Tsutsumi, Tetsuro Miyata

Clinical trials have revealed that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors suppress the onset of heart failure and cardiovascular death in diabetic patients. On the other hand, few reports have been published concerning such effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. We undertook the present study to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors on the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), well known as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disorders.Type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into two groups and treated with either SGLT2 inhibitors or DPP-4 inhibitors for 3 months. Before and after the 3-month treatment period with each drug, the AGEs and diabetes-related parameters were measured. Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1) was measured as one of the AGEs.In the SGLT2 inhibitor group, both the blood HbA1c and MG-H1 levels decreased significantly after the 3-month treatment period. In the DPP-4 inhibitor group, only the blood HbA1c level decreased significantly, with no significant change of the blood MG-H1 level.SGLT2 inhibitor reduced both the blood levels of HbA1c and AGEs (MG-H1). Considering that the blood levels of AGEs are associated with the risk of heart failure and cardiovascular disorders, the results of the present study suggest that the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in suppressing cardiovascular death might be mediated by the reduction in the blood levels of AGEs induced by this class of drugs. DPP-4 inhibitors showed no significant effects on the blood levels of AGEs.

临床试验显示,钠葡萄糖共转运体 2(SGLT2)抑制剂可抑制糖尿病患者心力衰竭的发生和心血管疾病的死亡。另一方面,有关二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂的此类作用的报道却很少。我们进行了本研究,以评估 SGLT2 抑制剂和 DPP-4 抑制剂对高级糖化终产物(AGEs)的影响,众所周知,高级糖化终产物是心血管疾病发生的风险因素。在每种药物治疗 3 个月前后,对 AGEs 和糖尿病相关参数进行了测量。甲基乙二醛衍生的氢咪唑啉酮-1(MG-H1)被测定为 AGEs 之一。在 DPP-4 抑制剂组中,只有血液中的 HbA1c 水平明显下降,血液中的 MG-H1 水平没有明显变化。考虑到血液中 AGEs 的水平与心力衰竭和心血管疾病的风险有关,本研究结果表明,SGLT2 抑制剂抑制心血管疾病死亡的作用可能是通过降低该类药物诱导的血液中 AGEs 水平来实现的。DPP-4 抑制剂对血液中 AGEs 水平没有明显影响。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Structure-Based Drug Design for Targeting IRE1: An in Silico Approach for Treatment of Cancer. 更正:以 IRE1 为靶点的基于结构的药物设计:一种治疗癌症的硅学方法。
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1055/a-2235-8845
Alireza Poustforoosh, Sanaz Faramarz, Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi, Mehdi Mahmoodi, Mahdiyeh Azadpour
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引用次数: 0
Parenteral Fosfomycin in Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Systematic Review. 肠外磷霉素在胃肠道手术中的应用:系统综述。
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1055/a-2195-3032
Siv Fonnes, Masja Klindt Fonnes, Barbara Juliane Holzknecht, Jacob Rosenberg

Background: To investigate if perioperative parenteral administration of fosfomycin given before or during gastrointestinal surgery could protect against postoperative infectious complications and characterise the administration of fosfomycin and its harms.

Methods: This systematic review included original studies on gastrointestinal surgery where parental administration of fosfomycin was given before or during surgery to≥5 patients. We searched three databases on March 24 2023 and registered the protocol before data extraction (CRD42020201268). Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Handbook risk of bias assessment tool or the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A narrative description was undertaken. For infectious complications, results from emergency and elective surgery were presented separately.

Results: We included 15 unique studies, reporting on 1,029 patients that received fosfomycin before or during gastrointestinal surgery. Almost half of the studies were conducted in the 1980s to early 1990s, and typically a dose of 4 g fosfomycin was given before surgery co-administered with metronidazole and often repeated postoperatively. The risk of bias across studies was moderate to high. The rates of infectious complications were low after fosfomycin; the surgical site infection rate was 0-1% in emergency surgery and 0-10% in elective surgery. If reported, harms were few and mild and typically related to the gastrointestinal system.

Conclusion: There were few postoperative infectious complications after perioperative parenteral administration of one or more doses of 4 g fosfomycin supplemented with metronidazole in various gastrointestinal procedures. Fosfomycin was associated with few and mild harms.

背景:探讨围手术期胃肠道手术前或手术中给予磷霉素肠外给药是否可以预防术后感染并发症,并确定磷霉素给药的特点及其危害。方法:本系统综述纳入了5例以上患者术前或术中父母给予磷霉素的胃肠道手术的原始研究。我们于2023年3月24日检索了三个数据库,并在提取数据前注册了协议(CRD42020201268)。偏倚风险采用Cochrane手册偏倚风险评估工具或Newcastle-Ottawa量表进行评估。进行了叙述性的描述。对于感染性并发症,急诊和择期手术的结果分别报告。结果:我们纳入了15项独特的研究,报告了1029例在胃肠道手术前或手术中接受磷霉素治疗的患者。几乎一半的研究是在20世纪80年代至90年代初进行的,通常术前给予4 g磷霉素与甲硝唑联合使用,术后经常重复使用。各研究的偏倚风险为中等至高。磷霉素治疗后感染并发症发生率低;急诊手术部位感染率为0-1%,择期手术部位感染率为0-10%。如果有报道,伤害很少,而且轻微,通常与胃肠道系统有关。结论:4 g磷霉素加甲硝唑围手术期肠外注射1次或多次后感染并发症少。磷霉素的危害少且轻微。
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引用次数: 0
"In-silico Design and Development of Novel Hydroxyurea Lipid Drug Conjugates for Breast Cancer Therapy Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway". "针对 PI3K/AKT/mTOR 通路的乳腺癌治疗的新型羟基脲脂质药物共轭物的分子内设计与开发"。
IF 2.2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1055/a-2213-8457
Saranya Dharmaraj, Akey Krishna Swaroop, Mariappan Esakkimuthukumar, Preeya Negi, Selvaraj Jubie

Hydroxyurea (HU) has shown promise in breast cancer treatment, but its hydrophilic nature limits its efficacy. Therefore, conjugating HU with lipids could increase its liphophilicity and improve its cellular uptake, leading to increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer not only because it is the second most frequently altered pathway after p53, but also because it serves as a convergence point for many stimuli. The aim of this study is to design and develop novel hydroxyurea lipid drug conjugates for breast cancer therapy targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway using in-silico and in-vitro approaches. The conjugates are designed and docked with the proteins selected for each target like PI3K (PDB ID;2JDO), AKT (PDB ID;3APF), mTOR (PDB ID;4JST). The conjugates with higher docking scores are taken for ADME studies and molecular dynamics. Stearic, lauric, palmitic, myristic and linolenic acids have been used for the conjugation. The conjugates are synthesized and characterized. The HLB calculation and partition coefficient are carried out to find the improvement in liphophilicity of the conjugates compared to hydroxyurea. Finally, the in-vitro cytotoxicity studies are performed with MCF -7 cell lines and the compound HU-MA (hydroxyurea with myristic acid) with low IC50 is considered as the compound having good activity with compound code. These conjugates have been shown to have improved drug solubility and better cellular uptake compared to free hydroxyurea, which can increase drug efficacy.

羟基脲(HU)在乳腺癌治疗中大有可为,但其亲水性限制了其疗效。因此,将羟基脲与脂质共轭可增加其亲脂性并改善其细胞摄取,从而提高疗效并降低毒性。PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路是癌症中一个有吸引力的治疗靶点,这不仅是因为它是仅次于p53的第二大最常改变的通路,还因为它是许多刺激因素的汇集点。本研究的目的是利用体内和体外方法设计和开发新型羟基脲脂质药物共轭物,用于针对 PI3K/Akt/mTOR 通路的乳腺癌治疗。设计的共轭物与为每个靶点选择的蛋白质对接,如 PI3K(PDB ID;2JDO)、AKT(PDB ID;3APF)、mTOR(PDB ID;4JST)。对接得分较高的共轭物将用于 ADME 研究和分子动力学研究。硬脂酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸和亚麻酸被用于共轭。对共轭物进行了合成和表征。通过计算 HLB 和分配系数,发现与羟基脲相比,共轭物的亲脂性有所提高。最后,用 MCF -7 细胞系进行了体外细胞毒性研究,结果显示,IC50 值较低的化合物 HU-MA(含肉豆蔻酸的羟基脲)被认为是与化合物代码具有良好活性的化合物。与游离羟基脲相比,这些共轭物具有更好的药物溶解性和细胞吸收性,从而提高了药物疗效。
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引用次数: 0
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Drug Research
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