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Exploring the HPLC Profiling and Antioxidant Potency in Methanolic Extracts of Curcuma longa L. Rhizomes. 探索莪术根茎甲醇提取物的高效液相色谱分析和抗氧化能力
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1055/a-2413-3740
Babita Shukla, Poonam Kushwaha

In this exploration of Curcuma longa Linn., commonly known as turmeric, renowned for its therapeutic history, our study focuses on the bioactive compound curcumin. We established and validated an HPLC method for precise curcumin quantification, complemented by an examination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant capabilities in a methanolic extract from C. longa rhizomes obtained through a methanol-based Soxhlet extraction. The HPLC analysis utilized a C18 column with a mobile phase of 70:30 V/V Acetonitrile (ACN) to Water (with 1% Glacial Acetic Acid) under an isocratic elution at 1 mL/min, detection at 420 nm, and a reference standard. The method exhibited notable accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Antioxidant potential, assessed through DPPH, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, unveiled significant total phenol and total flavonoid quantities, highlighting C. longa's potent antioxidant capacity. The study demonstrated a correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic and flavonoid concentrations, reinforcing the robustness of our method. In conclusion, this method offers an effective means of quantifying curcumin within C. longa rhizomes and holds promise as a valuable tool for maintaining quality control in the production of this botanical material.

姜黄俗称 "莪术",因其治疗效果显著而闻名于世,我们的研究重点是生物活性化合物姜黄素。我们建立并验证了一种用于精确定量姜黄素的 HPLC 方法,同时还检测了通过基于甲醇的索氏提取法从姜黄根茎中提取的甲醇提取物中的总酚和类黄酮含量以及抗氧化能力。高效液相色谱分析采用 C18 色谱柱,流动相为 70:30 V/V 乙腈(ACN)-水(含 1% 冰醋酸),等度洗脱,流速为 1 mL/min,检测波长为 420 nm,并使用了标准物质。该方法具有显著的准确度、精密度和重现性。通过 DPPH、一氧化氮和羟基自由基清除测定评估了抗氧化潜力,结果显示总酚和总黄酮的含量很高,突出了龙牙草强大的抗氧化能力。研究表明,抗氧化活性与酚类和类黄酮的浓度之间存在相关性,这增强了我们方法的稳健性。总之,这种方法为量化龙牙草根茎中的姜黄素提供了一种有效的手段,有望成为保持这种植物材料生产质量控制的重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Analysis of ADRs under Obeticholic Acid and Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Cholestatic Liver Diseases Using the FAERS Database. 利用 FAERS 数据库比较分析胆汁淤积性肝病中 Obeticholic Acid 和 Ursodeoxycholic Acid 的 ADRs。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1055/a-2401-4700
Meng Zhu, Linghui Tao, Feiye Zhu, Yongsheng Zhang

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the safety profiles of OCA and UDCA for the treatment of PBC using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.

Methods: We extracted reports for OCA from 2016 to 2023 and UDCA from 2004 to 2023. Demographic details, adverse events (AEs), and concomitant medications were analyzed using descriptive statistics and signal detection methods.

Results: The most common for OCA were pruritus (1345 cases, ROR 20.96) and fatigue (528 cases, ROR 3.46). UDCA was more frequently associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (22 cases, ROR 16.37) and type I hypersensitivity reactions (11 cases, ROR 12.77). OCA was also linked to a higher frequency of constipation (161 cases, ROR 3.92) and increased blood alkaline phosphatase levels (145 cases, ROR 44.27).

Conclusion: This study reveals distinct safety profiles for OCA and UDCA in the treatment of PBC. OCA is associated with a higher frequency of pruritus, fatigue, constipation, and increased blood alkaline phosphatase levels, while UDCA is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma and type I hypersensitivity reactions. These findings support personalized treatment approaches based on individual patient characteristics.

研究背景本研究的目的是利用美国食品药品管理局不良事件报告系统数据库,比较OCA和UDCA治疗PBC的安全性:我们提取了 2016 年至 2023 年的 OCA 报告和 2004 年至 2023 年的 UDCA 报告。使用描述性统计和信号检测方法分析了人口统计学细节、不良事件(AEs)和伴随药物:OCA最常见的不良反应是瘙痒(1345例,ROR为20.96)和疲劳(528例,ROR为3.46)。UDCA 更常见于肝细胞癌(22 例,ROR 16.37)和 I 型超敏反应(11 例,ROR 12.77)。OCA 也与较高的便秘频率(161 例,ROR 3.92)和血液碱性磷酸酶水平升高(145 例,ROR 44.27)有关:本研究显示,OCA 和 UDCA 在治疗 PBC 时具有不同的安全性。结论:本研究揭示了 OCA 和 UDCA 在治疗 PBC 时不同的安全性特征,OCA 与较高频率的瘙痒、疲劳、便秘和血液碱性磷酸酶水平升高有关,而 UDCA 则与肝细胞癌和 I 型超敏反应有关。这些研究结果支持根据患者个体特征采取个性化治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling the Interplay of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 and N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptors in Seizure Susceptibility. 揭示5-羟色胺-3和N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体在癫痫易感性中的相互作用
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2406-5340
Samane Jahanabadi, Mohammadreza Riahi Madvar

Background: Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, presents significant challenges in treatment and management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tropisetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) - induced seizure in mice by exploring the potential role of the NMDA receptor and inflammatory responses.

Methods: For this purpose, seizures were induced by intravenous PTZ infusion. Tropisetron at 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, 10- mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before PTZ. To evaluate probable role of NMDA signaling, selective NMDAR antagonists, ketamine and MK-801, were injected 15 minutes before tropisetron. Also, TNF-α level of hippocampus were measured following administration of mentioned drugs in mice.

Results: Our results demonstrate that tropisetron displayed a dose-dependent impact on seizure threshold, with certain doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) exhibiting anticonvulsant properties. In addition, the noncompetitive NMDAR antagonists, ketamine (1 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg), at doses that had no effect on seizure threshold, augmented the anticonvulsant effect of tropisetron (3 mg/kg). Also, tropisetron led to a reduction in hippocampal TNF-α levels, indicating its anti-inflammatory potential independent of 5-HT receptor activity.

Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrated that the anticonvulsant effect of tropisetron is mediated by the inhibition of NMDA receptors and a decline in hippocampal TNF-α level. These findings highlight a potential connection between 5-HT3 and NMDA receptors in the pharmacological treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as seizure, warranting further investigation into their combined therapeutic effects.

背景:癫痫是一种以反复发作为特征的流行性神经系统疾病,给治疗和管理带来了巨大挑战。本研究旨在通过探讨 NMDA 受体和炎症反应的潜在作用,评估选择性 5-HT3 受体拮抗剂托品司琼对戊四氮唑(PTZ)诱导的小鼠癫痫发作的影响:方法:为此,通过静脉注射 PTZ 诱导癫痫发作。在注射 PTZ 前 30 分钟腹腔注射 1、2、3、5、10 毫克/千克的托吡司琼。为评估NMDA信号传导的可能作用,在托吡司琼注射前15分钟注射选择性NMDAR拮抗剂氯胺酮和MK-801。此外,在给小鼠注射上述药物后,还测量了海马的 TNF-α 水平:结果:我们的研究结果表明,托品司琼对癫痫发作阈值的影响呈剂量依赖性,某些剂量(5 和 10 毫克/千克)具有抗惊厥特性。此外,非竞争性 NMDAR 拮抗剂氯胺酮(1 毫克/千克)和 MK-801(0.5 毫克/千克)的剂量对癫痫发作阈值没有影响,但却增强了托吡司琼(3 毫克/千克)的抗惊厥作用。此外,托品司琼还能降低海马TNF-α的水平,这表明托品司琼具有独立于5-羟色胺受体活性的抗炎潜力:总之,我们证明了托吡司琼的抗惊厥作用是通过抑制 NMDA 受体和降低海马 TNF-α 水平来实现的。这些发现凸显了 5-HT3 和 NMDA 受体在癫痫发作等炎症性疾病的药物治疗中的潜在联系,值得进一步研究它们的联合治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Amputation Risk in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Treated with SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. 接受 SGLT-2 抑制剂治疗的 II 型糖尿病患者的截肢风险:随机临床试验的系统文献综述。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1055/a-2366-8999
Farazul Hoda, Mohammad Chand Jamali, Mawrah Arshad, Mohammad Anwar Habib, Mohd Akhtar, Abul Kalam Najmi

Background: SGLT-2 inhibitors, prescribed for type 2 diabetes, have a heightened risk of amputation. The FDA issued a warning in May 2017, leading to the inclusion of a cautionary label. Vigilance is essential for patients and healthcare providers to promptly identify and address potential limb complications associated with the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Method: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted, covering the period from inception to May 2024. This systematic literature review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were predefined, and data extraction was performed to summarize the findings.

Result: A total of 12 randomized control trial (RCT) studies were included in the present systematic review. 37,657 (54.89%) participants were randomly assigned to receive the different interventions of SGLT-2 inhibitor, whereas 30,959 (45.11%) received a placebo. Overall, 618 events were reported in the treatment group, whereas 396 events were reported in the placebo group.

Conclusion: In conclusion, patients treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors did not have any significant difference in amputation occurrences compared to placebo across various studies. However, canagliflozin usage has led to higher amputation events in certain trials.

背景:用于治疗 2 型糖尿病的 SGLT-2 抑制剂会增加截肢风险。美国食品和药物管理局于 2017 年 5 月发出警告,从而将警示标签纳入其中。患者和医疗服务提供者必须保持警惕,及时发现并解决与使用 SGLT-2 抑制剂相关的潜在肢体并发症:方法:对电子数据库进行了全面检索,检索期从开始至 2024 年 5 月。该系统性文献综述遵循了系统性综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南。采用 Cochrane 偏倚风险 (ROB) 工具评估了纳入研究的质量。预先确定了纳入和排除标准,并进行了数据提取以总结研究结果:本系统综述共纳入了 12 项随机对照试验 (RCT) 研究。37657名参与者(54.89%)被随机分配接受不同的SGLT-2抑制剂干预,而30959名参与者(45.11%)接受安慰剂干预。总体而言,治疗组报告了 618 起事件,而安慰剂组报告了 396 起事件:总之,在各项研究中,接受 SGLT-2 抑制剂治疗的患者截肢发生率与安慰剂相比没有显著差异。然而,在某些试验中,使用卡格列净会导致更高的截肢事件。
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引用次数: 0
Bioflavonoid Daidzein: Therapeutic Insights, Formulation Advances, and Future Directions. 生物类黄酮 "Daidzein":治疗见解、配方进展和未来方向。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2379-6849
Sana Ahmad, Farogh Ahsan, Javed Akhtar Ansari, Tarique Mahmood, Shahzadi Bano, Mo Shahanawaz

Bioflavonoids, are a diverse group of phytonutrients that are widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, grains, teas, and certain medicinal herbs. They are characterized by their antioxidant properties and play essential roles in plant biology, such as providing color to fruits and flowers, protecting plants from environmental stresses. Daidzein, a bioflavonoid classified under natural products, is sourced from plants like soybeans and legumes. It exists in forms such as glycosides and aglycones, with equol and trihydroxy isoflavone being key metabolites formed by gut bacteria. Known for its wide-ranging therapeutic potential, daidzein has shown effects on cardiovascular health, cancer, diabetes, skin conditions, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its mechanisms include interaction with estrogen receptors, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and modulation of apoptosis and cell cycles. Recent advances in formulation technologies aimed at enhancing daidzein's bioavailability and efficacy are critically evaluated, including nanoparticle-based delivery systems and encapsulation strategies. Researchers have developed advanced formulations like nanoparticles and liposomes to enhance daidzein's solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery. Considered a promising nutraceutical, daidzein warrants further exploration into its molecular actions and safety profile to fully realize its clinical potential. This review offers a succinct overview encompassing therapeutic benefits, chemical characteristics, historical uses, toxicology insights, recent advancements in delivery systems, and future directions for daidzein research.

生物类黄酮是一类种类繁多的植物营养素,广泛分布于水果、蔬菜、谷物、茶叶和某些药材中。它们具有抗氧化特性,在植物生物学中发挥着重要作用,如为花果增色、保护植物免受环境压力等。大豆黄酮(Daidzein)是一种生物类黄酮,归类于天然产品,来自大豆和豆类等植物。它以苷和苷醛等形式存在,其中等醇和三羟异黄酮是肠道细菌形成的主要代谢产物。麦角苷以其广泛的治疗潜力而闻名,对心血管健康、癌症、糖尿病、皮肤病、骨质疏松症和神经退行性疾病都有疗效。其作用机制包括与雌激素受体相互作用、抗氧化和抗炎特性以及调节细胞凋亡和细胞周期。本文对旨在提高地屈孕酮生物利用度和疗效的制剂技术的最新进展进行了批判性评估,包括基于纳米颗粒的给药系统和封装策略。研究人员已经开发出纳米颗粒和脂质体等先进配方,以提高麦地那龙血素的溶解度、稳定性、生物利用度和定向递送。作为一种前景广阔的营养保健品,要想充分发挥其临床潜力,还需要进一步研究其分子作用和安全性。这篇综述简明扼要地概述了其治疗功效、化学特性、历史用途、毒理学见解、给药系统的最新进展以及未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphatidylserine Topically Attenuates Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis Through Inflammation Inhibition in Mice. 磷脂酰丝氨酸通过抑制小鼠炎症可减轻咪喹莫特诱发的银屑病
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1055/a-2419-9616
Bahareh Farasati Far, Partow Mirzaee Saffari, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Ramin Goudarzi, Ahmad Reza Dehpour, Alireza Partoazar

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that is associated with persistent inflammation and skin lesions. Topical therapy has been a promising approach to the alleviation of psoriasis through the application of anti-inflammatory agents. Phosphatidylserine (PS) administration has shown anti-inflammatory effects in the trials. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical PS on the potential improvement of an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. Additionally, cyclosporine A was utilized as a comparative anti-psoriatic agent in our study.

Methods: The psoriasis model was established by topically applying IMQ to the dorsal skin of mice once daily for five consecutive days. The efficacy of topical PS was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score to evaluate skin lesions. Subsequently, the skin samples were analyzed using Baker's scoring system, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR analysis.

Results: IMQ-induced plaque-type psoriasis resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in dermal thickness, hyperkeratosis, PASI score, and inflammatory cytokines at the lesion site. The topical PS and cyclosporine A significantly (P<0.05) reduced PASI score and dermal thickness, while also alleviating erythema and scaling when compared to untreated mice. Furthermore, biomolecular assessments revealed that PS significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the gene expression of IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α cytokines in the IMQ-induced lesions.

Conclusion: Topical PS may pointedly alleviate psoriasis through the inhibition of inflammation. The beneficial effects of the PS recommend further investigation in both experimental and clinical studies in the control of skin psoriasis.

背景:银屑病是一种慢性皮肤病,与持续的炎症和皮损有关。通过使用抗炎药物,外用疗法一直是缓解银屑病的有效方法。试验表明,磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)具有抗炎作用。因此,本研究旨在评估外用 PS 对改善咪喹莫特(IMQ)诱导的银屑病模型的潜在影响。此外,我们还使用环孢素 A 作为抗银屑病的对比药物:牛皮癣模型的建立是通过在小鼠背侧皮肤上局部涂抹 IMQ,每天一次,连续五天。使用银屑病面积和严重程度指数(PASI)来评估外用 PS 的疗效。随后,使用贝克评分系统、马森三色染色法、免疫组化法和实时 PCR 分析法对皮肤样本进行分析:结果:IMQ诱导的斑块型银屑病导致皮损部位的真皮厚度、角化过度、PASI评分和炎症细胞因子显著增加(P)。与未经处理的小鼠相比,外用 PS 和环孢素 A 能显著降低 PASI 评分和真皮厚度,同时还能减轻红斑和鳞屑。此外,生物分子评估显示,PS 能明显抑制 IMQ 诱导的皮损中 IL-17、IL-23 和 TNF-α 细胞因子的基因表达:结论:外用 PS 可通过抑制炎症明显缓解银屑病。结论:外用 PS 可通过抑制炎症显著缓解银屑病,建议在控制皮肤银屑病的实验和临床研究中进一步探讨 PS 的有益作用。
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引用次数: 0
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Induced Proteinuria - A Review. 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂诱发的蛋白尿--综述。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1055/a-2423-3533
J S Gayathri, S Swathi Krishna, M P Rakesh

Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a class of drugs that interfere with protein kinases' signal transduction pathways through an array of inhibitory mechanisms. Tyrosine kinases (TK) have an inevitable role in downstream signal transduction and the proliferation of tumour cells. Hence, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are frequently employed as anti-neoplastic agents in the treatment of colon, breast, kidney, and lung cancers. They can be used as single or combination therapy with other targeted therapies. It is understood that TKIs pose a risk of developing proteinuria in some patients as it can primarily result in dysfunction of the split diaphragm, constriction or blockage of capillary lumens mediated by the basement membrane, acute interstitial nephritis, or acute tubular necrosis. This paper reviews the mechanism of action of TKIs, the pathophysiological mechanism of TKI-induced proteinuria, and its management Fig. 1.

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)是一类通过一系列抑制机制干扰蛋白激酶信号转导途径的药物。酪氨酸激酶(TK)在下游信号转导和肿瘤细胞增殖中发挥着不可避免的作用。因此,酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)经常被用作治疗结肠癌、乳腺癌、肾癌和肺癌的抗肿瘤药物。它们可作为单一疗法或与其他靶向疗法联合使用。据了解,TKIs 会给一些患者带来出现蛋白尿的风险,因为它主要会导致分裂膈功能障碍、基底膜介导的毛细血管管腔收缩或堵塞、急性间质性肾炎或急性肾小管坏死。本文综述了 TKIs 的作用机制、TKI 诱导蛋白尿的病理生理机制及其处理方法 图 1。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Characterization of Acacia-Stabilized Doxorubicin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. 用于乳腺癌治疗的金合欢稳定多柔比星负载金纳米粒子的合成与表征
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1055/a-2418-2200
Laxmi Devi, Poonam Kushwaha, Tarique Mahmood Ansari, Amit Rao, Ashish Kumar

The targeted delivery of drugs is vital in breast cancer treatment due to its ability to produce long-lasting therapeutic effects with minimal side effects. This study reports the successful development of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)-loaded colloidal gold nanoparticles stabilized with acacia gum (AG). Optimization studies varied AG concentrations (0.25% to 3% w/v) to determine optimal conditions for nanoparticle synthesis. The resulting acacia stabilized gold nanoparticles (AGNPs) were characterized using various techniques including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a higher release rate of DOX in sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) compared to phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4), suggesting an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in acidic tumor environments. Cytotoxicity of DOX-AGNPs and free DOX was assessed in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The DOX-AGNPs exhibited significantly greater cytotoxicity, indicating enhanced efficacy in targeting cancer cells. This enhancement suggests that adsorbing DOX on the surface of gold nanoparticles can improve drug delivery and effectiveness, potentially reducing side effects compared to pure DOX and traditional delivery methods. Stability tests conducted over six months at 25±1°C showed significant changes in particle size and PDI, suggesting limited stability under these conditions. Overall, the acacia-stabilized gold nanoparticles synthesized in this study exhibit promising characteristics for drug delivery applications, particularly in cancer therapy, with effective drug loading, controlled release, and favorable physicochemical properties.

靶向给药在乳腺癌治疗中至关重要,因为它能产生持久的治疗效果,且副作用极小。本研究报告了用金合欢胶(AG)稳定的盐酸多柔比星(DOX)负载胶体金纳米粒子的成功开发。优化研究改变了 AG 的浓度(0.25% 至 3% w/v),以确定纳米粒子合成的最佳条件。研究人员采用多种技术,包括高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HR-TEM)、粉末 X 射线衍射 (PXRD)、差示扫描量热法 (DSC)、紫外-可见光谱法、傅立叶变换红外光谱法 (FT-IR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FE-SEM) 和选区电子衍射 (SAED),对所制备的金合欢稳定纳米粒子 (AGNPs) 进行了表征。体外药物释放研究表明,与磷酸盐缓冲盐水(pH 7.4)相比,DOX 在醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 5.0)中的释放率更高,这表明其在酸性肿瘤环境中的疗效更强。在人类乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)中评估了 DOX-AGNPs 和游离 DOX 的细胞毒性。DOX-AGNPs 的细胞毒性明显更强,表明其靶向癌细胞的功效增强。这种增强表明,与纯 DOX 和传统给药方法相比,在金纳米粒子表面吸附 DOX 可以提高给药效果,减少副作用。在 25±1°C 条件下进行的 6 个月稳定性测试表明,粒度和 PDI 发生了显著变化,表明在这些条件下的稳定性有限。总之,本研究合成的金合欢稳定金纳米粒子具有有效的载药、控释和良好的理化特性,在给药应用(尤其是癌症治疗)方面具有广阔的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Antibacterial Efficacy of Hiora: An Ayurvedic Mouthwash in Children. Hiora 的抗菌功效:阿育吠陀漱口水在儿童中的抗菌效果。
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1055/a-2368-4336
Sonali Saha, Kongkana Kalita, Kavita Dhinsa, Deval Kumar Arora, Brinda Suhas Godhi, Vidya Gowdappa Doddawad

Background: Mouthwashes, as a form of antimicrobial delivery system, rank among the safest and most effective vehicles, particularly in the case of young children. This is attributed to their ability to distribute therapeutic components across all accessible oral surfaces, including interproximal areas.

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of recently introduced Ayurvedic (Hiora) and triclosan-based mouthwashes among children.

Materials and methods: A total of 45 healthy children aged 10-15 years were randomly assigned to three groups: Herbal mouthwash (Hiora), triclosan-based mouthwash (Kidodent), and normal saline as the control group. Saliva samples were collected pre-rinse, 2 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes post-rinsing with the study mouthwashes. These samples were then inoculated onto Petri dishes containing blood agar culture media, followed by incubation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 48 hours. The resulting bacterial colonies of Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were counted (CFU/ml x 105). Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, Newman Keul's Post-hoc test, and a two-tailed 't' test, was conducted to determine the significance of the results.

Results: The Ayurvedic Hiora mouthwash demonstrated the most substantial reduction in salivary bacterial colony counts of Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. with statistically significant results (p<0.01).

Conclusion: The Ayurvedic Hiora mouthwash exhibited the highest antibacterial effectiveness, followed by the triclosan-based mouthwash in decreasing order, with saline showing the least efficacy.

背景:漱口水作为一种抗菌给药系统,是最安全、最有效的载体之一,尤其是对幼儿而言。这是因为漱口水能够将治疗成分分布到所有可接触到的口腔表面,包括口腔近端区域:评估最近推出的阿育吠陀(Hiora)漱口水和三氯生漱口水在儿童中的抗菌效果:将 45 名 10-15 岁的健康儿童随机分为三组:草药漱口水(Hiora)组、三氯生漱口水(Kidodent)组以及作为对照组的生理盐水组。在使用研究用漱口水漱口前、漱口后 2 分钟、30 分钟和 60 分钟采集唾液样本。然后将这些样本接种到装有血琼脂培养基的培养皿中,在 37°C 的有氧和厌氧条件下培养 48 小时。对所产生的链球菌属和乳酸杆菌属细菌菌落进行计数(CFU/ml x 105)。统计分析包括方差分析、Newman Keul 的事后检验和双尾 "t "检验,以确定结果的显著性:结果:阿育吠陀希奥拉漱口水对唾液中链球菌属和乳酸杆菌属细菌菌落数的减少幅度最大,具有显著的统计学意义(p):阿育吠陀希奥拉漱口水的抗菌效果最高,其次是三氯生漱口水,依次递减,而生理盐水的抗菌效果最低。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Tofacitinib, a JAK Inhibitor, in Alleviating Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. 评估JAK抑制剂托法替尼在缓解败血症引发的多器官功能障碍综合征方面的疗效
IF 1.7 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1055/a-2372-3446
Vaishnavi Singh, Kavita Joshi, Samit Chatterjee, Sameer Qureshi, Snigdha Siddh, Vandana Nunia

Sepsis, a life-threatening condition triggered by an uncontrolled response to infection, results in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the failure of multiple organs leading to multiple organ dysfunction (MODS). In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of tofacitinib (TOFA), an FDA-approved inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK3 against sepsis, using a mouse model induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Swiss albino mice were employed to replicate the CLP-induced sepsis model and were randomly divided into four groups: control, CLP, 150 mg/kg TOFA, and 300 mg/kg TOFA. Six hours after the last TOFA dose, we collected blood and tissue samples from the liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen for histological analysis. Blood samples were used to assess granulocyte and lymphocyte percentages. Throughout the experiment, we monitored body weight and short-term survival. Our comparative histological analysis revealed that 150 mg/kg TOFA had a protective effect against multiple organ damage. Conversely, the study highlighted the harmful effects of 300 mg/kg TOFA, primarily due to liver and renal toxicity within this group. In summary, our findings demonstrate that tofacitinib at an optimal dose of 150 mg/kg showed promise as a potential therapeutic intervention for sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. However, caution is warranted when considering higher dosages.

败血症是一种因感染反应失控而引发的危及生命的疾病,会导致全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和多器官功能衰竭,从而引发多器官功能障碍(MODS)。在本研究中,我们利用盲肠结扎穿刺(CLP)诱导的小鼠模型,研究了托法替尼(TOFA)的治疗潜力,托法替尼是美国 FDA 批准的 JAK1 和 JAK3 抑制剂,可用于败血症的治疗。瑞士白化小鼠被用来复制CLP诱导的败血症模型,并被随机分为四组:对照组、CLP组、150毫克/千克TOFA组和300毫克/千克TOFA组。最后一次服用 TOFA 六小时后,我们采集血液和肝、肺、肾、脾组织样本进行组织学分析。血液样本用于评估粒细胞和淋巴细胞的百分比。在整个实验过程中,我们监测体重和短期存活率。我们的组织学对比分析表明,150 毫克/千克 TOFA 对多器官损伤具有保护作用。相反,该研究强调了 300 毫克/千克 TOFA 的有害作用,主要是由于该组的肝脏和肾脏毒性。总之,我们的研究结果表明,最佳剂量为 150 毫克/千克的托法替尼有望成为脓毒症诱发的多器官功能衰竭的潜在治疗干预措施。不过,在考虑更大剂量时应谨慎。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of Tofacitinib, a JAK Inhibitor, in Alleviating Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome.","authors":"Vaishnavi Singh, Kavita Joshi, Samit Chatterjee, Sameer Qureshi, Snigdha Siddh, Vandana Nunia","doi":"10.1055/a-2372-3446","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2372-3446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis, a life-threatening condition triggered by an uncontrolled response to infection, results in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the failure of multiple organs leading to multiple organ dysfunction (MODS). In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of tofacitinib (TOFA), an FDA-approved inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK3 against sepsis, using a mouse model induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Swiss albino mice were employed to replicate the CLP-induced sepsis model and were randomly divided into four groups: control, CLP, 150 mg/kg TOFA, and 300 mg/kg TOFA. Six hours after the last TOFA dose, we collected blood and tissue samples from the liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen for histological analysis. Blood samples were used to assess granulocyte and lymphocyte percentages. Throughout the experiment, we monitored body weight and short-term survival. Our comparative histological analysis revealed that 150 mg/kg TOFA had a protective effect against multiple organ damage. Conversely, the study highlighted the harmful effects of 300 mg/kg TOFA, primarily due to liver and renal toxicity within this group. In summary, our findings demonstrate that tofacitinib at an optimal dose of 150 mg/kg showed promise as a potential therapeutic intervention for sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. However, caution is warranted when considering higher dosages.</p>","PeriodicalId":11451,"journal":{"name":"Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Drug Research
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