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‘We’re Just the Gravel on the Road.’ The Dissenting Music of Tom Waits “我们只是路上的碎石。”《汤姆·威茨的反对音乐》
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1976012
Adriano Tedde
ABSTRACT This article proposes a historicisation of the songs of Tom Waits in the context of the social transformation of the United States in the era of neoliberalism. Through an analysis of music and lyrics – form and content, the article explores questions of poverty, materialism, social injustice, and other issues referable to the impact of neoliberal politics on everyday America. Those issues are particularly evident in the songs composed by the singer-songwriter with his wife and artistic partner, Kathleen Brennan, since the mid-1980s. Using a Rortyan framework, this study finds a place for the music of Tom Waits in the American protest song, arguing that it mirrors the fall of American society into extreme individualism and materialism, while celebrating the solidarity and human warmth of a utopian social hope.
本文在新自由主义时代美国社会转型的背景下,提出了对汤姆·威茨歌曲的历史化。通过对音乐和歌词形式和内容的分析,本文探讨了新自由主义政治对美国日常生活的影响所涉及的贫困、物质主义、社会不公等问题。这些问题在这位创作歌手和他的妻子兼艺术伙伴凯瑟琳·布伦南(Kathleen Brennan)自上世纪80年代中期以来创作的歌曲中表现得尤为明显。本研究运用罗蒂亚的框架,在美国的抗议歌曲中找到了汤姆·威茨的音乐,认为它反映了美国社会陷入极端个人主义和物质主义的堕落,同时庆祝了乌托邦社会希望的团结和人类的温暖。
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引用次数: 0
‘People have courage!’: Protest Music and Indigenous Movements “人们有勇气!”:抗议音乐和土著运动
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.2008223
Erik D. Gooding, M. Yamane, Bret Salter
ABSTRACT In recent years, a series of Indigenous protest movements have emerged across North America in response to contemporaneous settler-colonial violence, including the #NoDAPL movement and the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) crisis. These movements are responses to political, societal, environmental, and philosophical incongruities with governments and their non-Indigenous citizenry. Music has been at the heart of these political causes, social protests, and cultural movements. Plains-style powwow vocal music, which emerged as the dominant intertribal performative style in the 20th century, has played a crucial role in contemporary protests as mechanisms for articulating messages of resistance through symbolic embodiments and as intertribal expressions of solidarity directed primarily towards Indigenous people for cultural and spiritual uplift. This style also has a long-standing tradition in Indigenous cultures and has been employed in relation to historic external and internal protest/movements. This paper seeks to understand how Plains-style music articulates messages of protest through the use of semiotics and how music has been employed in protest environments. We will draw upon historic and recent examples to demonstrate the long-standing tradition of Indigenous Plains-style protest music.
近年来,北美各地出现了一系列原住民抗议运动,以回应同期的定居者-殖民地暴力,包括#NoDAPL运动和失踪和被谋杀的原住民妇女(MMIW)危机。这些运动是对政府及其非土著公民在政治、社会、环境和哲学上的不协调的回应。音乐一直是这些政治事业、社会抗议和文化运动的核心。平原风格的祈祷仪式声乐在20世纪成为主要的部落间表演风格,在当代抗议活动中发挥了至关重要的作用,通过象征性的体现,作为表达抵抗信息的机制,以及主要针对土著人民的文化和精神提升的部落间团结表达。这种风格在土著文化中也有着悠久的传统,并被用于历史上的外部和内部抗议/运动。本文试图理解平原风格的音乐如何通过使用符号学来表达抗议的信息,以及音乐如何在抗议环境中被采用。我们将借鉴历史和最近的例子来展示土著平原风格的抗议音乐的悠久传统。
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引用次数: 0
The Practice of Refusal in Willis Laurence James's Song Collecting 威利斯·劳伦斯·詹姆斯《歌集》中的拒绝实践
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.2003136
Ellie Armon Azoulay
ABSTRACT The aim of this essay is to reintroduce Willis Laurence James’s (1900–1960) radical practice as a collector and a critic of the field of collecting. James – one of the fascinating, yet understudied collector who documented the music and songs of African American men and women around the American South between the mid-1920s and mid-1940s. This interdisciplinary study makes use of archival documents, musical recordings, letters and photographs to show that his practice of collecting was one of refusal, resistance and reclamation: part of an overall project of empowerment. James resisted the status quo within African American folk music collection and exposed the limits of its domination by white collectors. He refused the conditions imposed on African Americans by the discriminatory and violent system of segregation; he refused to accept the material conditions of scarcity and he worked vigorously to remedy the neglect and the poverty and to create infrastructures and opportunities through music collecting, education and performance. He reclaimed his authority in the face of denial and he reclaimed the centrality and the contribution of individuals and communities by centring his collection on their lived experiences.
本文的目的是重新介绍威利斯·劳伦斯·詹姆斯(1900-1960)作为收藏家和收藏领域评论家的激进实践。詹姆斯是一位迷人的收藏家,他记录了20世纪20年代中期到40年代中期美国南部非洲裔男女的音乐和歌曲。这项跨学科的研究利用档案文件、音乐录音、信件和照片来展示他的收藏实践是一种拒绝、抵抗和回收:这是一个整体赋权项目的一部分。詹姆斯抵制非裔美国人民间音乐收藏的现状,并揭露了白人收藏家统治的局限性。他拒绝歧视性和暴力的种族隔离制度强加给非洲裔美国人的条件;他拒绝接受物质条件的匮乏,他积极努力,以弥补忽视和贫困,并通过音乐收藏,教育和表演创造基础设施和机会。面对否定,他重新确立了自己的权威他重新确立了个人和群体的中心地位和贡献通过将他的收藏集中在他们的生活经历上。
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引用次数: 0
American Idiots: Charting Protest and Activism in the Alternative Music Scene During George W. Bush’s Presidency 《美国白痴:乔治·w·布什总统任期内另类音乐界的抗议和行动主义
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.2015219
Benjamin W. Quail
ABSTRACT In 2002, System of a Down frontman Serj Tankian joined an increasingly vocal movement within the American alternative music scene by denouncing the presidency of George W. Bush. Tom Morello, of platinum selling bands Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave, agreed that Bush should be tried as a war criminal if the United States invaded Iraq. When the Iraq war did begin the following year, both men used their platform to create anti-war, anti-Bush music intended to galvanise the American public against what they felt was an unjust conflict. These are two examples of a larger anti-war sentiment during the Bush presidency within the subgenres of rock, punk and metal music. The social impact of these anti-Bush musical protests formed an integral part in the overarching anti-Bush movement across the United States. This provided a focal point for the young and disaffected to channel their resentment, leading to increased engagement, particularly in 2004 as part of the well-supported Punk Voter movement, led by NOFX singer ‘Fat’ Mike Burkett and future Obama administration advisor Scott Goodstein, and through Tankian and Morello’s Axis of Justice organisation, which worked to promote awareness of government policy through activism and information broadcasts over the internet
2002年,System of a Down乐队主唱Serj Tankian在美国另类音乐界加入了一场越来越响亮的运动,谴责乔治·w·布什的总统任期。Tom Morello,白金销售乐队Rage Against the Machine和Audioslave的成员,同意如果美国入侵伊拉克,布什应该作为战争罪犯受审。当第二年伊拉克战争开始时,两人都利用自己的平台创作了反战、反布什的音乐,旨在激发美国公众反对他们认为是不公正的冲突。这是在布什总统任期内,在摇滚、朋克和金属音乐的子流派中,反战情绪更大的两个例子。这些反布什音乐抗议活动的社会影响在整个美国的反布什运动中形成了一个不可分割的部分。这为年轻人和心怀不满的人提供了一个宣泄不满的渠道,导致了更多的参与,特别是在2004年,由NOFX歌手“胖子”迈克·伯克特(Mike Burkett)和未来奥巴马政府顾问斯科特·古德斯坦(Scott Goodstein)领导的朋克选民运动(Punk Voter movement),以及通过坦基安和莫雷罗的正义轴心组织(Axis of Justice),该组织致力于通过行动主义和互联网上的信息广播,提高人们对政府政策的认识,得到了很好的支持
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引用次数: 0
‘As long as we Dance and Sing we Will Stay Alive.’: Indigenous North American Resistance against Assimilation through Song and Dance “只要我们唱歌跳舞,我们就会活下去。”:北美原住民通过歌舞反抗同化
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.2008224
Nina Reuther
ABSTRACT In Indigenous American culture singing and dancing hold a central position within the passing on of cultural knowledge from generation to generation. The beat links the people to the earth, the sound to the surroundings. Song and dance express commonly shared emotions and connect the people in the present to the past and to the future. This article focuses on how the colonisation of North America by the settlers has been mirrored, articulated and dealt with through a system of „singing memory“ by its original peoples. Contemporary Indigenous musicians are using a combination of present and traditional expressions for voicing out their way of dealing with that impact. The article addresses first aspects of the traditional characteristics of North American Indigenous ways of translating cultural knowledge through song and dance; second draws a historical overview of how changes have been interpreted through this way of expression and under the impact of paradoxical interest by the settlers; and third presents some contemporary musical examples of articulating these experiences. The information is mainly based on personal fieldwork and interviews with contemporary North American Indigenous musicians, reflecting the orally transmitted Indigenous historical perspectives of the issue, as well as on archival research documenting mainly the settler perspective of the question.
在美洲原住民文化中,歌唱和舞蹈在文化知识的代代相传中占有中心地位。节拍将人与大地联系起来,声音与周围环境联系起来。歌曲和舞蹈表达了共同的情感,并将现在的人们与过去和未来联系起来。这篇文章关注的是殖民者对北美的殖民是如何通过原住民的“歌唱记忆”系统来反映、表达和处理的。当代土著音乐家正在结合现代和传统的表达方式来表达他们应对这种影响的方式。本文首先论述了北美原住民通过歌舞翻译文化知识的传统特点;其次,从历史上概述了在定居者自相矛盾的利益影响下,这些变化是如何通过这种表达方式被解释的;第三部分展示了一些当代音乐的例子来表达这些经历。这些信息主要基于个人实地调查和对当代北美土著音乐家的采访,反映了口头传播的土著对这个问题的历史观点,以及主要记录定居者观点的档案研究。
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引用次数: 0
Devil Is Fine, Devil Is Kind: Slave Spirituals, Satanic Black Metal, and Cultural Appropriation in the Music of Zeal & Ardor 魔鬼是好的,魔鬼是善良的:奴隶灵歌,撒旦的黑金属,以及热情和热情音乐中的文化挪用
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1981077
Edward Clough
ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between cultural appropriation, musical protest, and African American history, as foregrounded in the music of avant-garde metal band Zeal & Ardor. Under the leadership of mixed-race Swiss-American multi-instrumentalist Manuel Gagneux, the band gained prominence in 2016 for combining the influences of Satanism and Scandinavian black metal with African American spirituals and blues. Such a combination has allowed Zeal & Ardor to creatively engage the violence of African American historical experience and sonically and conceptually explore the possibilities of an alternative account of African American experience under the influence of individualism and self-determination as promoted in Satanic philosophies. This proposition becomes complicated, however, when the Satanic worldview espoused in Scandinavian black metal articulates not only an aggressive critique of Christianity, but also, in a number of instances, the promotion of white supremacist and national socialist worldviews. The resultant combination of these clashing influences is a complex interlinking of musical traditions and ideological positions through which Zeal & Ardor explores cultural appropriation as a form of protest, and ultimately embraces jarring juxtapositions and messy fusion as a necessary mode of artistic expression amid the racial tensions and culture wars of the early twenty-first century.
本文以先锋金属乐队Zeal & Ardor的音乐为背景,探讨文化挪用、音乐抗议和非裔美国人历史之间的关系。在瑞士裔美国混血乐器演奏家曼努埃尔·加格纽的领导下,该乐队在2016年将撒旦教和斯堪的纳维亚黑金属的影响与非洲裔美国人的灵歌和布鲁斯结合起来,获得了突出的表现。这样的结合使得Zeal和Ardor创造性地参与了非裔美国人历史经历的暴力,并在声音上和概念上探索了在撒旦哲学中提倡的个人主义和自决影响下非裔美国人经历的另一种可能性。然而,当斯堪的纳维亚黑色金属所信奉的撒旦世界观不仅表达了对基督教的激进批评,而且在许多情况下,还促进了白人至上主义者和国家社会主义世界观时,这个命题变得复杂了。这些相互冲突的影响结合在一起,形成了音乐传统和意识形态立场的复杂联系,通过这种联系,Zeal & Ardor探索了文化占有作为一种抗议形式,并最终将不和谐的并置和混乱的融合作为二十一世纪初种族紧张局势和文化战争中艺术表达的必要模式。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Cultures of Protest in American Music 引言:美国音乐中的抗议文化
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.2021004
Edward Clough
This special issue, with its focus on Cultures of Protest in American Music, is anchored in the investigation, from various diverging perspectives, of a set of core questions. What possibilities of protest can be found in music? How does music, as a form of artistic expression and cultural communication, facilitate – or even articulate in itself – the act of protest? What changes, in measurable societal and political terms, can the production and reception of music in the contemporary world in general, and in the Americas in particular, engender and create? As the articles within this special issue demonstrate, across their very different specific contexts, the possibilities of musical protest are, indeed, considerable; the forms rich, flexible, and highly effective; and the capacity for political change substantial. The connection between music and protest – as I outline more fully below, and as the articles within this special issue all amply demonstrate – is an intimate, and longestablished, one. Even within the specific confines of US and broader North American cultural history, the geo-political focus of this special issue, its manifestations have been considerable. Music in its broadest sense has served, across centuries and cultures and in a recurrent manner, as a source of revolutionary inspiration; as an expression of selfidentity and collective power, especially for culturally, politically, and racially marginalised groups; as an insistent voice of resistance against dominant narratives and agendas. Music has been a vital vehicle in the pursuit of positive social change, of expression for the disenfranchised, of resistance or self-determination in the face of forces of oppression or assimilation. As Dillane, Power, Haynes, and Devereux suggest: ‘in the end all songs of social protest seek to do one thing – bring our attention to an issue that needs redress, which ultimately challenges the status quo’ (2018, 3). But this is also, as James Garratt emphasises, something performed by all music: ‘Music’s seemingly inherent politicality has led to it being idealised in many cultures as a symbol, prefiguration and catalyst of as yet unrealised forms of human freedom and social harmony’ (2019, 31). In considering the political force of music, however, it is important to emphasise from the beginning – and to reiterate a point made with greater force and eloquence in several of the articles within this special issue – that neither ‘music’ nor ‘songs’ should be understood purely in the specific frameworks of Western classical or popular music. Rather, this special issue takes a broader approach, echoing the understanding that Berglund, Johnson, and Lee discuss, in the specific address of Indigenous North American music: that ‘songs were not mere entertainment, or a distraction from the mundane everyday world – nor were they considered as “high art” or composed to be
本期特刊以美国音乐中的抗议文化为重点,从不同的角度对一系列核心问题进行了调查。在音乐中可以找到什么抗议的可能性?音乐,作为一种艺术表达和文化交流的形式,是如何促进——甚至阐明——抗议行为的?在可衡量的社会和政治方面,音乐的生产和接受在当代世界,特别是在美洲,可以产生和创造什么变化?正如本期特刊中的文章所展示的那样,在它们非常不同的具体背景下,音乐抗议的可能性确实是相当大的;形式丰富、灵活、高效;政治变革的能力是巨大的。音乐和抗议之间的联系——正如我在下面更全面地概述的那样,正如本期特刊中的文章所充分证明的那样——是一种亲密的、长期存在的联系。即使在美国和更广泛的北美文化史的特定范围内,这个特殊问题的地缘政治焦点,其表现形式也相当可观。从最广泛的意义上讲,音乐跨越了几个世纪和文化,并以一种经常性的方式,作为革命灵感的源泉;作为自我认同和集体力量的表达,特别是对文化、政治和种族边缘化群体;作为对主流叙事和议程的持续抵抗的声音。音乐一直是追求积极的社会变革的重要工具,是被剥夺公民权的人表达的工具,是面对压迫或同化力量的抵抗或自决的工具。正如Dillane、Power、Haynes和Devereux所建议的那样:“最终,所有的社会抗议歌曲都试图做一件事——把我们的注意力带到一个需要纠正的问题上,最终挑战现状”(2017,3)。但正如James Garratt强调的那样,这也是所有音乐都在表现的东西:“音乐看似固有的政治性,导致它在许多文化中被理想化,成为尚未实现的人类自由和社会和谐形式的象征、预示和催化剂”(2019,31)。然而,在考虑音乐的政治力量时,重要的是要从一开始就强调——并在本期特刊的几篇文章中以更大的力量和雄辩重申一个观点——“音乐”和“歌曲”都不应该纯粹在西方古典音乐或流行音乐的特定框架中被理解。更确切地说,这期特刊采取了更广泛的方法,呼应了伯格伦德、约翰逊和李在对北美土著音乐的具体论述中所讨论的理解:歌曲不仅仅是娱乐,或者是对世俗日常世界的消遣——它们也不被视为“高级艺术”或被视为“高级艺术”
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引用次数: 0
Indigenising American Spirituality: the Case of Dariush Mehrjui’s Appropriation of Salinger’s Franny and Zooey 美国精神的本土化:以达里什·梅尔朱伊对塞林格的《弗兰妮与佐伊》的挪用为例
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1947739
Fazel Asadi Amjad, Morteza Yazdanjoo
ABSTRACT Despite the emergence of insightful scholarship in Iranian cinema in the twenty-first century, there is a paucity of critical studies on the crossroad between cinema and national identity, particularly how the latter is constructed, (re)inscribed, and refashioned through the structures of feeling the former concocts. A particular case in point is the directorial oeuvre of Dariush Mehrjui, an auteur whose feature films play a vital role in nurturing and (re)fashioning national identity on the silver screen. This article examines the projection of a distinct national identity in Pari (1995), an adaptation of Salinger’s Franny and Zooey. It builds upon the nexus between national identity and cinema, theoretically advanced by Michael Billig and Tim Edensor, to delineate the articulation of an alternative ‘Iranian-ness’ texture in Iranian cinema. Pari, a quest-driven narrative in which the protagonist abdicates material life to achieve spiritual salvation, is an interpellative dream-text serving to espouse how the refashioned national identity should be conceived and emulated.
尽管21世纪伊朗电影出现了富有洞察力的学术研究,但关于电影与国家认同之间的十字路口的批判性研究却很少,特别是后者是如何通过感受前者的混合体来构建、(重新)刻录和重塑的。一个特别的例子是达里什·梅尔jui的导演作品,这位导演的故事片在培养和(重新)塑造银幕上的国家认同方面发挥了至关重要的作用。本文考察了塞林格小说《弗兰妮与祖伊》(1995)中鲜明的民族认同投射。它建立在国家认同和电影之间的联系上,迈克尔·比利格和蒂姆·伊登索尔在理论上提出了这种联系,以描绘伊朗电影中另一种“伊朗性”纹理的表达。《巴黎》是一个以探索为导向的叙事,主人公放弃物质生活,实现精神救赎,是一个解释性的梦境文本,旨在支持如何构思和模仿重塑的国家身份。
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引用次数: 0
Too Old to Work: Joe Glazer, Labour Music, and Occupational Pensions 太老不能工作:乔·格雷泽、劳动音乐和职业养老金
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1947089
S. Buck
From the 1940s to 2000s, musician and union educator Joe Glazer earned the moniker ‘Labor’s Troubadour’ by composing, performing, studying, and recording work and union songs. Although less well kn...
从20世纪40年代到21世纪初,音乐家和工会教育家乔·格雷泽(Joe Glazer)通过创作、表演、学习和录制作品和工会歌曲,赢得了“劳工的吟游诗人”的称号。虽然不太为人所知……
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引用次数: 2
The Comeback of Populism. Transatlantic Perspectives 民粹主义卷土重来。大西洋两岸的视角
Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1928431
Dolores Resano
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引用次数: 1
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Comparative American Studies An International Journal
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