Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.82748
Narges Habibkhah, H. Hasani, A. Maghsoudi, M. Honarmand
Magmatism is triggered and controlled by tectonic systems, and thus these processes play an irrefutable role in the deposition and emplacement of hydrothermal mineral systems. It is, therefore, paramount to recognize the tectonic processes that are genetically associated with hydrothermal mineral systems. This study seeks to address this caveat by recognizing the main tectonic processes that have controlled the distribution of porphyry copper deposits in Dehaj terrain, Central Iran. For this purpose, the spatial association of 31 known porphyry copper deposits, faults, and fractures were evaluated by fry, fractal, and distance-distribution analyses. The results of fry analysis revealed that mineralization has distributed through three different trends, namely NE, NW, and NS, which shows a clear association with the fault systems presented in the area. Also, the fractal method applied demonstrated that structural controls on mineralization have operated on two different scales, regional and local scales. Distance-Distribution analysis was further used to assess the spatial correlation between known porphyry Cu deposits and fault traces, supplementing the results of fry and fractal analyses by quantitative measurements. The synthesis of the results of these three methods shows that the NW-trending faults have plausibly controlled the magmatism at a regional scale; nevertheless, NE- and N-trending faults have probably operated at local scales controlling the channeling and emplacement of mineral-bearing fluids.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of porphyry copper deposits in Dehaj terrain: Implications for exploration","authors":"Narges Habibkhah, H. Hasani, A. Maghsoudi, M. Honarmand","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n4.82748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.82748","url":null,"abstract":"Magmatism is triggered and controlled by tectonic systems, and thus these processes play an irrefutable role in the deposition and emplacement of hydrothermal mineral systems. It is, therefore, paramount to recognize the tectonic processes that are genetically associated with hydrothermal mineral systems. This study seeks to address this caveat by recognizing the main tectonic processes that have controlled the distribution of porphyry copper deposits in Dehaj terrain, Central Iran. For this purpose, the spatial association of 31 known porphyry copper deposits, faults, and fractures were evaluated by fry, fractal, and distance-distribution analyses. The results of fry analysis revealed that mineralization has distributed through three different trends, namely NE, NW, and NS, which shows a clear association with the fault systems presented in the area. Also, the fractal method applied demonstrated that structural controls on mineralization have operated on two different scales, regional and local scales. Distance-Distribution analysis was further used to assess the spatial correlation between known porphyry Cu deposits and fault traces, supplementing the results of fry and fractal analyses by quantitative measurements. The synthesis of the results of these three methods shows that the NW-trending faults have plausibly controlled the magmatism at a regional scale; nevertheless, NE- and N-trending faults have probably operated at local scales controlling the channeling and emplacement of mineral-bearing fluids. ","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47263630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103872
Yi Zhang
Agricultural disasters frequently occur in China. Therefore, this article studied the prevention and control of drought and flood disasters in agricultural land and the optimization method of planting structures to avoid disaster. Firstly, the impact of the change of input structure on the prevention and control of drought and flood disasters on agricultural land was analyzed, and the evaluation system of input-output efficiency was constructed. Secondly, the evaluation model was built by DEA method, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the quantitative evaluation of input-output efficiency. Taking Jiangxi Province as an example, the input-output data of drought and flood control of agricultural land in twenty cities in 2014-2017 was analyzed. The results show that the input-output efficiency of 80% of farmland in Jiangxi Province is low, and the resources of drought and flood prevention are not sufficiently utilized. In addition, the low pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are the main reasons for the low input-output efficiency of drought and flood prevention. The effect of human and financial input in drought and flood prevention of farmland in Jiangxi Province is slightly different for value output and actual output. From the aspects of strengthening the investment in basic facilities and the technical research and development of agricultural products, the optimization strategy for the input structure of drought and flood prevention of agricultural land is put forward.
{"title":"Drought and Flood Disaster Control of Agricultural Land and Optimization Method of Planting Structure to Avoid Disaster","authors":"Yi Zhang","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103872","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural disasters frequently occur in China. Therefore, this article studied the prevention and control of drought and flood disasters in agricultural land and the optimization method of planting structures to avoid disaster. Firstly, the impact of the change of input structure on the prevention and control of drought and flood disasters on agricultural land was analyzed, and the evaluation system of input-output efficiency was constructed. Secondly, the evaluation model was built by DEA method, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the quantitative evaluation of input-output efficiency. Taking Jiangxi Province as an example, the input-output data of drought and flood control of agricultural land in twenty cities in 2014-2017 was analyzed. The results show that the input-output efficiency of 80% of farmland in Jiangxi Province is low, and the resources of drought and flood prevention are not sufficiently utilized. In addition, the low pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are the main reasons for the low input-output efficiency of drought and flood prevention. The effect of human and financial input in drought and flood prevention of farmland in Jiangxi Province is slightly different for value output and actual output. From the aspects of strengthening the investment in basic facilities and the technical research and development of agricultural products, the optimization strategy for the input structure of drought and flood prevention of agricultural land is put forward.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44860307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.99194
R. Hernández-Guzmán, Norma Leticia Onchi-Ramuco
The surface runoff was estimated using the curve number (CN) method for different storm events and it was associated with the morphometric parameters of an ungauged watershed in Jalisco, México. The land use and land cover map from 2019 was derived from the unsupervised classification of a Sentinel-2 image at 10 m resolution. The morphometric analysis revealed that the study area is dominated by areas of gentle slope and moderate to high permeability with dense vegetation and low relief. It is a well-drained watershed with low flood potentiality as well as a groundwater potential zone. About 69% of the study area corresponds to natural cover with tropical dry forest and evergreen forest as the most representative classes. A total of 77 storm events were identified from 2013 to 2019, with runoffs that ranged from 0.05 to 227.2 Mm3. September and October were the months with the most intense rainfall and, therefore, the months with the highest runoff volume. The average runoff was 14.52 Mm3, corresponding to an average runoff coefficient of 12.86%. Together, the methods used here provide useful results for delineating conservation strategies at the watershed level.
{"title":"Estimating surface runoff using the curve number method in an ungauged watershed in Jalisco, Mexico evaluating its morphometric parameters","authors":"R. Hernández-Guzmán, Norma Leticia Onchi-Ramuco","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n4.99194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.99194","url":null,"abstract":"The surface runoff was estimated using the curve number (CN) method for different storm events and it was associated with the morphometric parameters of an ungauged watershed in Jalisco, México. The land use and land cover map from 2019 was derived from the unsupervised classification of a Sentinel-2 image at 10 m resolution. The morphometric analysis revealed that the study area is dominated by areas of gentle slope and moderate to high permeability with dense vegetation and low relief. It is a well-drained watershed with low flood potentiality as well as a groundwater potential zone. About 69% of the study area corresponds to natural cover with tropical dry forest and evergreen forest as the most representative classes. A total of 77 storm events were identified from 2013 to 2019, with runoffs that ranged from 0.05 to 227.2 Mm3. September and October were the months with the most intense rainfall and, therefore, the months with the highest runoff volume. The average runoff was 14.52 Mm3, corresponding to an average runoff coefficient of 12.86%. Together, the methods used here provide useful results for delineating conservation strategies at the watershed level.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45372769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103275
C. Martínez López, Juan Carlos Menjivar Flores, Daniela Calero Mosquera
The Dagua river basin, in Colombia, is the most important source of water for the Valle del Cauca ecosystem, however, due to poor agricultural practices, it has been affected by water erosion. This study aimed at estimating soil erosion in the Dagua river basin, using the universal soil loss equation (USLE). The results show that most of the area presents erosivities that are between 1000-5000 MJ.mm.ha-1, corresponding to low and very low categories. On the other hand, erodibility ranged from 0.143 to 0.842 t. ha.h. MJ-1 mm-1 ha-1, which is framed in the categories from weak to extremely erodable, where the low to medium category predominates. Regarding soil losses due to erosion, it was found that more than 20% of each of the municipalities of Dagua, Restrepo, La Cumbre, and Vijes, showed high and very high erosion, particularly in the areas with bare soils and crops such as pineapple, contribute strongly, sometimes reaching over 1000 t ha-1 yr-1. Therefore, it is important to promote practices such as contour or contour planting, integrated crop cover management, land uses that integrate trees, and in more critical cases to consider ecological restoration processes.
{"title":"Estimation of soil losses due to water erosion in the Dagua River Basin, Colombia","authors":"C. Martínez López, Juan Carlos Menjivar Flores, Daniela Calero Mosquera","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103275","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Dagua river basin, in Colombia, is the most important source of water for the Valle del Cauca ecosystem, however, due to poor agricultural practices, it has been affected by water erosion. This study aimed at estimating soil erosion in the Dagua river basin, using the universal soil loss equation (USLE). The results show that most of the area presents erosivities that are between 1000-5000 MJ.mm.ha-1, corresponding to low and very low categories. On the other hand, erodibility ranged from 0.143 to 0.842 t. ha.h. MJ-1 mm-1 ha-1, which is framed in the categories from weak to extremely erodable, where the low to medium category predominates. Regarding soil losses due to erosion, it was found that more than 20% of each of the municipalities of Dagua, Restrepo, La Cumbre, and Vijes, showed high and very high erosion, particularly in the areas with bare soils and crops such as pineapple, contribute strongly, sometimes reaching over 1000 t ha-1 yr-1. Therefore, it is important to promote practices such as contour or contour planting, integrated crop cover management, land uses that integrate trees, and in more critical cases to consider ecological restoration processes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44948067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720
V. Pandey, M. Sharma
Every year during the Indian Summer Monsoon, large landslides occur in the Lesser and the Greater Himalayan rock formations, triggered by intense rainfall episodes coupled with physiography and anthropogenic activities. The present study investigates the slope failure mechanism's relationship with slope material compositions. Hence, sediment samples of 25 landslides were collected along the road corridors. These samples were collected from the Lesser and Greater Himalayan ranges and rock formations. The sediment was collected from the active landslides to understand particle size, clay content, moisture content, mineral composition, crystallographic structures, and the influence of geomorphic processes on the landslide failure processes. The samples were analyzed using a sieve, X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to accomplish the study's objectives. The analysis indicates that the Lesser Himalayan meta-sedimentary rock formations have a high composition of fine and medium-size particles, lesser quartz mineral compositions with calcite, and a highly crushed and fractured presence, conchoidal fractures types of morphological features. Micrographs obtained from the schist and phyllite rock of the Lesser Himalayan origin shows highly sheared and crushing, crystal overgrowth; and, in turn, have a higher susceptibility to landslides. The relationship between slope materials and instability has shown a definite pattern in the study area. The debris flow and slump have a comparatively higher percentage of clay and silt compared to debris fall, debris slide, and rockfall. The particle size composition of sediment collected from the slip zone is significantly related to the types of landslides. The present study is helpful in understanding the sediment composition and slope failure mechanism.
{"title":"Sedimentological characteristics and their relationship with landsliding in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India","authors":"V. Pandey, M. Sharma","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.94720","url":null,"abstract":"Every year during the Indian Summer Monsoon, large landslides occur in the Lesser and the Greater Himalayan rock formations, triggered by intense rainfall episodes coupled with physiography and anthropogenic activities. The present study investigates the slope failure mechanism's relationship with slope material compositions. Hence, sediment samples of 25 landslides were collected along the road corridors. These samples were collected from the Lesser and Greater Himalayan ranges and rock formations. The sediment was collected from the active landslides to understand particle size, clay content, moisture content, mineral composition, crystallographic structures, and the influence of geomorphic processes on the landslide failure processes. The samples were analyzed using a sieve, X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to accomplish the study's objectives. The analysis indicates that the Lesser Himalayan meta-sedimentary rock formations have a high composition of fine and medium-size particles, lesser quartz mineral compositions with calcite, and a highly crushed and fractured presence, conchoidal fractures types of morphological features. Micrographs obtained from the schist and phyllite rock of the Lesser Himalayan origin shows highly sheared and crushing, crystal overgrowth; and, in turn, have a higher susceptibility to landslides. The relationship between slope materials and instability has shown a definite pattern in the study area. The debris flow and slump have a comparatively higher percentage of clay and silt compared to debris fall, debris slide, and rockfall. The particle size composition of sediment collected from the slip zone is significantly related to the types of landslides. The present study is helpful in understanding the sediment composition and slope failure mechanism.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45654928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103152
M. J. Montero-Martínez, M. Andrade-Velázquez
Authors present a brief review of the potential impact of climate change on biodiversity throughout the history of the Earth. Studying paleoclimate is difficult because it uses proxies that occurred millions of years ago, and there is an intrinsic uncertainty associated with that. However, the climate of the past and the evolution of life itself are related to each other. The current discussion goes through the different geological eras, emphasizing the Phanerozoic Eon, where terrestrial conditions allowed life to flourish. Recent studies seem to support the argument that the five great mass extinctions are related to warm climate modes produced by intense volcanism that generate changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases and marine anoxia. This should be one more alert for humanity to implement effective measures to counteract the current global warming trend before the consequences on ecosystems are more serious.
{"title":"An overview of the connection between Earth’s climate evolution and mass extinction events","authors":"M. J. Montero-Martínez, M. Andrade-Velázquez","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103152","url":null,"abstract":"Authors present a brief review of the potential impact of climate change on biodiversity throughout the history of the Earth. Studying paleoclimate is difficult because it uses proxies that occurred millions of years ago, and there is an intrinsic uncertainty associated with that. However, the climate of the past and the evolution of life itself are related to each other. The current discussion goes through the different geological eras, emphasizing the Phanerozoic Eon, where terrestrial conditions allowed life to flourish. Recent studies seem to support the argument that the five great mass extinctions are related to warm climate modes produced by intense volcanism that generate changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases and marine anoxia. This should be one more alert for humanity to implement effective measures to counteract the current global warming trend before the consequences on ecosystems are more serious.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n3.100518
M. Gurturk, V. Ilçi
In this study, the authors conducted a series of test measurements in wooded and urban areas and analyzed the results for three main objectives. The first objective is to compare the execution of the Loosely Coupled (LC) and satellite-based solutions in terms of accuracy. Compared to satellite-based solutions, the findings confirmed that the LC-based solutions enhanced accuracy by 1 cm in position and 6-7 cm in height components in the wooded area. In the urban area, LC-based solutions improved the position and height accuracies up to 6 cm and 44 cm, respectively. Also, LC-based solutions bridged the gaps and created a seamless solution in which the gaps reach almost 30% in the urban area trajectory. Secondly, the authors investigated the performance of the GPS-based and GNSS-based solutions. In the wooded area, the GNSS-based solution delivered 2 cm better accuracy in both position and height components than the GPS-based solution. In the urban area, the GNSS-based solution improved the accuracies up to 8 and 36 cm in position and height components, respectively. Also, the solution availability of the GNSS-based process is 10% better than the GPS-based solution. The third objective of this study is to test the performance of the PPP and PPK-based solutions in the two test areas. PPK-based solutions outperformed only 2 cm in position and height components compared to the PPP-based in the wooded area; however, in the urban area, the PPK-based solution improved the accuracies 4-5 dm and 1.1-1.5 meter level in position and height components, respectively. These results indicate that the PPP-based solutions offer a similar level of accuracy to the PPK-based solutions in the wooded area where the satellite visibility is high throughout the trajectory. However, the PPK-based solution provided better positioning accuracies in the urban environment with limited satellite visibility.
{"title":"The performance evaluation of PPK and PPP-based Loosely Coupled integration in wooded and urban areas","authors":"M. Gurturk, V. Ilçi","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n3.100518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n3.100518","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the authors conducted a series of test measurements in wooded and urban areas and analyzed the results for three main objectives. The first objective is to compare the execution of the Loosely Coupled (LC) and satellite-based solutions in terms of accuracy. Compared to satellite-based solutions, the findings confirmed that the LC-based solutions enhanced accuracy by 1 cm in position and 6-7 cm in height components in the wooded area. In the urban area, LC-based solutions improved the position and height accuracies up to 6 cm and 44 cm, respectively. Also, LC-based solutions bridged the gaps and created a seamless solution in which the gaps reach almost 30% in the urban area trajectory. Secondly, the authors investigated the performance of the GPS-based and GNSS-based solutions. In the wooded area, the GNSS-based solution delivered 2 cm better accuracy in both position and height components than the GPS-based solution. In the urban area, the GNSS-based solution improved the accuracies up to 8 and 36 cm in position and height components, respectively. Also, the solution availability of the GNSS-based process is 10% better than the GPS-based solution. The third objective of this study is to test the performance of the PPP and PPK-based solutions in the two test areas. PPK-based solutions outperformed only 2 cm in position and height components compared to the PPP-based in the wooded area; however, in the urban area, the PPK-based solution improved the accuracies 4-5 dm and 1.1-1.5 meter level in position and height components, respectively. These results indicate that the PPP-based solutions offer a similar level of accuracy to the PPK-based solutions in the wooded area where the satellite visibility is high throughout the trajectory. However, the PPK-based solution provided better positioning accuracies in the urban environment with limited satellite visibility.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42399554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n3.103605
Xuemei Liu
Engineering geological conditions include the nature of rock and soil, geological structure, landform, hydrogeological conditions, and adverse geological processes. Among them, faults, fissures, folds, karst, and lithology changes seriously affect the safety and construction cost of mountain tunnels, hydraulic tunnels, and other projects. For this reason, a new method based on feature fusion is proposed to detect the geological anomalies in London and Sheffield. It established a 3D raster data model oriented to attribute information modeling and visualization of urban underground space to obtain geological data. Based on this acquired data, authors adopted the feature-level fusion extraction method based on the multi-attribute geological abnormal body to extract, fuse, fill and surface the multi-attribute data of underground space geological data. Smooth processing can realize the detection of abnormal geological bodies in underground space. It has been proved that this method can be used in geological data display, feature extraction, feature fusion, and abnormal physical examination.
{"title":"A detection method of urban underground geological anomalies in the United Kingdom based on feature fusion","authors":"Xuemei Liu","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n3.103605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n3.103605","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering geological conditions include the nature of rock and soil, geological structure, landform, hydrogeological conditions, and adverse geological processes. Among them, faults, fissures, folds, karst, and lithology changes seriously affect the safety and construction cost of mountain tunnels, hydraulic tunnels, and other projects. For this reason, a new method based on feature fusion is proposed to detect the geological anomalies in London and Sheffield. It established a 3D raster data model oriented to attribute information modeling and visualization of urban underground space to obtain geological data. Based on this acquired data, authors adopted the feature-level fusion extraction method based on the multi-attribute geological abnormal body to extract, fuse, fill and surface the multi-attribute data of underground space geological data. Smooth processing can realize the detection of abnormal geological bodies in underground space. It has been proved that this method can be used in geological data display, feature extraction, feature fusion, and abnormal physical examination.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42494208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n3.96985
Arshad Ali, M. Shahid, I. Jabeen, M. El‐Ghali
A quest for life on Mars (LoMars) started in the early 1960s when the most prestigious scientific journals published several research articles. According to Elsevier’s Scopus database, the rise in annual literature production started in the late 1990s, most likely associated with the launch of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) first rover, Sojourner, in 1996. The number of articles on Mars will likely continue to rise sharply, given that the launch and landing of the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover are critical to discovering and understanding the present or past life on the planet. Thus far, the USA has dominated in the number of citations and collaborations related to Mars research, given its facilities equipped with relevant infrastructure and researchers’ capacity to explore the Solar System beyond Earth. Most of these frequently cited papers report observational and theoretical research results. However, a highly cited article is based on analytical studies of a unique Martian meteorite (i.e., Allan Hills 84001) found in Antarctica. It is expected that the future sample return mission associated with the Perseverance Rover caching system could increase the LoMars research exponentially in the coming decades if Martian samples are successfully brought to Earth. Based on the total number of publications on LoMars, the most influential institute, the author, and the journal are Caltech, C.P. McKay, and Icarus, respectively. Both the institute and the author are directly affiliated with NASA, indicating the leadership offered by the organization in LoMars research.
{"title":"Life on Mars (LoMars): History, advances, current research, and perspectives","authors":"Arshad Ali, M. Shahid, I. Jabeen, M. El‐Ghali","doi":"10.15446/esrj.v26n3.96985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n3.96985","url":null,"abstract":"A quest for life on Mars (LoMars) started in the early 1960s when the most prestigious scientific journals published several research articles. According to Elsevier’s Scopus database, the rise in annual literature production started in the late 1990s, most likely associated with the launch of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) first rover, Sojourner, in 1996. The number of articles on Mars will likely continue to rise sharply, given that the launch and landing of the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover are critical to discovering and understanding the present or past life on the planet. Thus far, the USA has dominated in the number of citations and collaborations related to Mars research, given its facilities equipped with relevant infrastructure and researchers’ capacity to explore the Solar System beyond Earth. Most of these frequently cited papers report observational and theoretical research results. However, a highly cited article is based on analytical studies of a unique Martian meteorite (i.e., Allan Hills 84001) found in Antarctica. It is expected that the future sample return mission associated with the Perseverance Rover caching system could increase the LoMars research exponentially in the coming decades if Martian samples are successfully brought to Earth. Based on the total number of publications on LoMars, the most influential institute, the author, and the journal are Caltech, C.P. McKay, and Icarus, respectively. Both the institute and the author are directly affiliated with NASA, indicating the leadership offered by the organization in LoMars research.","PeriodicalId":11456,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49252962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n3.100754
S. Bektaş
Meridian systems, called Soldner coordinates (parallel coordinate) systems, have found wide application in geodesy. In particular, the meridian system constitutes a suitable base for the Gauss-Kruger projection of the ellipsoid and the sphere. Soldner coordinates can be used in Cassini-Soldner projection without any processing. As it is known, the directions of the edges are shown with azimuth angles in the geographic coordinate system and the bearing angles in the Soldner coordinate system. Bearing or azimuth angles are frequently used in geodetic calculations. These angles give the direction of sides in the clockwise direction from a certain initial direction. Both angle values range from 0 to 360 degrees and are usually calculated from the arctan function. But the arctan function returns an angle value between -90 and +90 degrees. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the quarter for the angle found. For practical computations, the quadrants of the arctangents are determined by the signs of the numerator and denominator in the tangent formulas. Determining the quarter of the angles is done with if…, then…, end..., blocks on the computer. It should be noted that each comparison requires a separate processing time. This study will be given how to calculate both bearing and azimuth angles with direct formulas without any need to examine them. In addition, a solution proposal will be given against the division by zero errors in the bearing and azimuth angles calculations.
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