Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01372128mtgabs
Keisuke Obata, Xinyi Zhang, Tabea Thiel, Michael Schwarze, Reinhard Schomäcker, Roel van de Krol, Fatwa Firdaus Abdi
Green H 2 has been recognized as an important element in efforts to decarbonize our fossil fuel-dependent society. One approach to produce green H 2 is solar water splitting in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) device. Solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies of up to 30% have been demonstrated 1 but studies have shown that this approach still results in a relatively high levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of ~10 US$ per kg of H 2 . 2-3 This is ca. one order of magnitude higher than that of hydrogen produced via steam methane reforming (SMR), which forms the bulk of the currently produced H 2 . A possible solution is to incorporate an upgrading process of biomass feedstock that generates valuable chemicals into the solar water splitting device. This is expected to not only decrease the overall LCOH but also introduce an alternative renewable pathway in chemical manufacturing. In this study, we propose the concept of solar-driven hydrogenation of biomass-derived feedstock. Photoelectrochemically generated H 2 in our solar water splitting device is coupled in situ with the homogenously catalyzed hydrogenation of itaconic acid (IA) to methyl succinic acid (MSA). IA has been identified by the US Department of Energy as one of the twelve building blocks that possess the potential to be transformed subsequently into several high-value bio-based chemicals or materials. 4 MSA is a valuable chemical compound with an estimated global market size of up to ~15,000 tonnes, whose derivatives are ubiquitously used as solvents in cosmetics, 5 polymer synthesis, 6 binders in powder coatings, 7 and organic synthesis, especially for pharmaceutical synthesis. 8-9 Our coupled hydrogenation approach—performed in the PV-electrolyzer and PEC configurations using III-V PV cells and BiVO 4 -based photoelectrode, respectively—successfully demonstrate solar-driven H 2 -to-MSA conversion efficiencies as high as 60%. In comparison to the non-coupled approach (i.e., direct hydrogenation), our coupled system offers synergistic benefits in terms of prolonged durability and a higher degree of flexibility toward other important chemical transformation reactions. In addition, life-cycle net energy assessment and technoeconomic analysis results show that adding the coupled hydrogenation process significantly lowers the energy payback time and the LCOH, respectively, to a point that is competitive even with SMR-produced H 2 . Further implications and optimization potentials of the coupled PEC hydrogenation approach will be discussed. References Kim, J. H.; Hansora, D.; Sharma, P.; Jang, J.-W.; Lee, J. S., Toward practical solar hydrogen production – an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48 (7), 1908-1971. Shaner, M. R.; Atwater, H. A.; Lewis, N. S.; McFarland, E. W., A comparative technoeconomic analysis of renewable hydrogen production using solar energy. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9 (7), 2354-2371. Pinaud, B. A.; Benck, J. D.; Seitz, L. C.; Forman, A. J.;
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Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01221586mtgabs
Mateusz Cieślik, Krzysztof Formela, Mariusz Banasiak, Pawel Niedzialkowski, Robert Bogdanowicz, Jacek Ryl
There has been an exponential increase in the popularity of 3D printing technology in the last few years, also in everyday life. Numerous applications are reported for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based polymer composites with various conductive carbon fillers for electrochemical needs, such as sensors, batteries, water remediation, etc. The bulk of these reports is based on commercially available 3D printing filaments, with carbon black, graphene or carbon nanotubes as fillers. Regardless of good conductivity, these materials possess characteristics that are suboptimal for electrochemical applications, including charge transfer kinetics, stability to oxidation, electrolytic window, etc. 3D printouts offer versatility in terms of ease of cheap and on-demand fabrication of free-standing multielectrode setups e.g. by dual-extruder printing. However, to fully embrace their advantages enhancement of charge transfer kinetics by removing an excess of PLA and uncovering the nanofillers, is needed. Recently we have demonstrated laser ablation for locally sculptured effective modification of the electrochemical response of these materials. There is a great focus on the development of new conductive filaments that exhibit better mechanical, electric, thermal, and electrochemical properties. We have evaluated for the first time various forms of conductive nanodiamonds (ND), i.e. detonation nanodiamonds and diamond-phase rich boron-doped carbon nanowalls, as fillers for PLA-based composites for 3D printing. The goal of the research was to investigate and thoroughly understand the interactions between composite components and those that affect the mechanical parameters and electrochemical characteristics of printed elements, studying how ND addition to PLA matrix affects material strength, rheology, and melting temperature. In particular, the enhancement of electrode kinetics and electrochemically available surface area by ND was revealed and discussed. The authors acknowledge the financial support by The National Science Centre (Republic of Poland) SONATA BIS 2020/38/E/ST8/00409.
在过去的几年里，3D打印技术的普及程度呈指数级增长，在日常生活中也是如此。据报道，聚乳酸(PLA)基聚合物复合材料具有各种导电碳填料，用于电化学需求，如传感器，电池，水修复等。这些报告的大部分是基于商业上可用的3D打印长丝，用炭黑、石墨烯或碳纳米管作为填料。尽管具有良好的导电性，但这些材料具有电化学应用的次优特性，包括电荷转移动力学，氧化稳定性，电解窗口等。3D打印输出在易于廉价和按需制造独立多电极装置方面提供了多功能性，例如通过双挤出机打印。然而，为了充分利用它们的优势，需要通过去除过量的聚乳酸和揭示纳米填料来增强电荷转移动力学。最近，我们已经证明了激光烧蚀对这些材料的电化学响应的局部雕刻有效改性。开发具有更好的机械、电学、热学和电化学性能的新型导电丝是人们关注的焦点。我们首次评估了各种形式的导电纳米金刚石(ND)，即爆轰纳米金刚石和富含硼掺杂的金刚石相碳纳米墙，作为3D打印pla基复合材料的填料。该研究的目的是研究和深入了解复合材料组分之间的相互作用以及影响打印元件力学参数和电化学特性的因素，研究ND添加到PLA基体中如何影响材料强度、流变学和熔化温度。特别地，发现并讨论了ND对电极动力学和电化学有效表面积的增强作用。作者感谢国家科学中心(波兰共和国)SONATA BIS 2020/38/E/ST8/00409的财政支持。
{"title":"(Invited) Poly(lactic acid)-Nanodiamond Composites for Electroanalytical Applications","authors":"Mateusz Cieślik, Krzysztof Formela, Mariusz Banasiak, Pawel Niedzialkowski, Robert Bogdanowicz, Jacek Ryl","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01221586mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01221586mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an exponential increase in the popularity of 3D printing technology in the last few years, also in everyday life. Numerous applications are reported for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based polymer composites with various conductive carbon fillers for electrochemical needs, such as sensors, batteries, water remediation, etc. The bulk of these reports is based on commercially available 3D printing filaments, with carbon black, graphene or carbon nanotubes as fillers. Regardless of good conductivity, these materials possess characteristics that are suboptimal for electrochemical applications, including charge transfer kinetics, stability to oxidation, electrolytic window, etc. 3D printouts offer versatility in terms of ease of cheap and on-demand fabrication of free-standing multielectrode setups e.g. by dual-extruder printing. However, to fully embrace their advantages enhancement of charge transfer kinetics by removing an excess of PLA and uncovering the nanofillers, is needed. Recently we have demonstrated laser ablation for locally sculptured effective modification of the electrochemical response of these materials. There is a great focus on the development of new conductive filaments that exhibit better mechanical, electric, thermal, and electrochemical properties. We have evaluated for the first time various forms of conductive nanodiamonds (ND), i.e. detonation nanodiamonds and diamond-phase rich boron-doped carbon nanowalls, as fillers for PLA-based composites for 3D printing. The goal of the research was to investigate and thoroughly understand the interactions between composite components and those that affect the mechanical parameters and electrochemical characteristics of printed elements, studying how ND addition to PLA matrix affects material strength, rheology, and melting temperature. In particular, the enhancement of electrode kinetics and electrochemically available surface area by ND was revealed and discussed. The authors acknowledge the financial support by The National Science Centre (Republic of Poland) SONATA BIS 2020/38/E/ST8/00409.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01241597mtgabs
Julia Elizabeth Huddy, Anand P Tiwari, William Joseph Scheideler
3D printing could offer the versatility to design and manufacture energy storage devices on demand. The precision and material flexibility of 3D printing is ideal for integrating porous electrodes that can enhance electrochemical performance [1] . This work analyzes the electrical conductivity of 3D-printed mesoscale strut lattices at the 100 μm – 1 mm scale with 40 – 90 % volumetric porosity to develop optimal electrodes for energy storage devices. We use a graph-theory-based model [2] to compute the conductivity of multiple 3D lattice types with either solid conducting struts or struts coated with conductive material. These structures show 3 – 5X higher conductivity than random conductive foams that lack an internal periodic mesostructure [3] . Using microstereolithography, we 3D print samples with high-resolution struts (< 70 µm) that maintain their shape and achieve high conductivity after carbonization at 700 ˚C. By tuning the lattice architecture, we manipulate the tradeoff between conductivity, weight, and porosity, validating our simulations with experimental measurements. These results demonstrate that that body-centered cubic (BCC) strut lattices have optimal conductivity per weight compared with other lattice types. Implementing these 3D-printed conductive lattices as supercapacitor electrodes, we see that the lattice architecture impacts the gravimetric capacitance of the devices as well as the mechanical strength, with octet structures outperforming both cubic and BCC lattices. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that 3D-printed electrodes with higher porosity exhibit higher gravimetric double layer capacitance and lower charge transfer resistance, making them ideal candidates for use in supercapacitor electrodes as free-standing 3D hosts for active materials. CV characterization of the electrodes also illustrates how our graph theory-based model for 3D lattices can predict the optimal structure for energy storage. This model can also serve to predict electrode performance and tailor design for integration of higher surface area nanoporous materials on these conductive 3D printed scaffolds. This allows us to guide the design of 3D printed electrodes to minimize charge transfer resistance and achieve an optimal balance between gravimetric and volumetric energy density for device applications. [1] J. Zhao, Y. Zhang, X. Zhao, R. Wang, J. Xie, C. Yang, J. Wang, Q. Zhang, L. Li, C. Lu, Y. Yao, Advanced Functional Materials 2019 , 29 , 1900809. [2] J. E. Huddy, M. S. Rahman, A. B. Hamlin, Y. Ye, W. J. Scheideler, Cell Reports Physical Science 2022 , 3 , 100786. [3] F. G. Cuevas, J. M. Montes, J. Cintas, P. Urban, J Porous Mater 2008 , 16 , 675. Figure showing (a) designed octet (blue), cubic (orange), and BCC (red) lattice types as well as (b) SEM images of their experimental 3D-printed counterparts and (c) measured electrical resistance. Figure 1
{"title":"Modeling Mesoporous 3D-Printed Lattice Electrodes for Energy Storage","authors":"Julia Elizabeth Huddy, Anand P Tiwari, William Joseph Scheideler","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01241597mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01241597mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing could offer the versatility to design and manufacture energy storage devices on demand. The precision and material flexibility of 3D printing is ideal for integrating porous electrodes that can enhance electrochemical performance [1] . This work analyzes the electrical conductivity of 3D-printed mesoscale strut lattices at the 100 μm – 1 mm scale with 40 – 90 % volumetric porosity to develop optimal electrodes for energy storage devices. We use a graph-theory-based model [2] to compute the conductivity of multiple 3D lattice types with either solid conducting struts or struts coated with conductive material. These structures show 3 – 5X higher conductivity than random conductive foams that lack an internal periodic mesostructure [3] . Using microstereolithography, we 3D print samples with high-resolution struts (< 70 µm) that maintain their shape and achieve high conductivity after carbonization at 700 ˚C. By tuning the lattice architecture, we manipulate the tradeoff between conductivity, weight, and porosity, validating our simulations with experimental measurements. These results demonstrate that that body-centered cubic (BCC) strut lattices have optimal conductivity per weight compared with other lattice types. Implementing these 3D-printed conductive lattices as supercapacitor electrodes, we see that the lattice architecture impacts the gravimetric capacitance of the devices as well as the mechanical strength, with octet structures outperforming both cubic and BCC lattices. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that 3D-printed electrodes with higher porosity exhibit higher gravimetric double layer capacitance and lower charge transfer resistance, making them ideal candidates for use in supercapacitor electrodes as free-standing 3D hosts for active materials. CV characterization of the electrodes also illustrates how our graph theory-based model for 3D lattices can predict the optimal structure for energy storage. This model can also serve to predict electrode performance and tailor design for integration of higher surface area nanoporous materials on these conductive 3D printed scaffolds. This allows us to guide the design of 3D printed electrodes to minimize charge transfer resistance and achieve an optimal balance between gravimetric and volumetric energy density for device applications. [1] J. Zhao, Y. Zhang, X. Zhao, R. Wang, J. Xie, C. Yang, J. Wang, Q. Zhang, L. Li, C. Lu, Y. Yao, Advanced Functional Materials 2019 , 29 , 1900809. [2] J. E. Huddy, M. S. Rahman, A. B. Hamlin, Y. Ye, W. J. Scheideler, Cell Reports Physical Science 2022 , 3 , 100786. [3] F. G. Cuevas, J. M. Montes, J. Cintas, P. Urban, J Porous Mater 2008 , 16 , 675. Figure showing (a) designed octet (blue), cubic (orange), and BCC (red) lattice types as well as (b) SEM images of their experimental 3D-printed counterparts and (c) measured electrical resistance. Figure 1","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01321819mtgabs
Enrico Bellotti, Masahiko Matsubara
The direct measurement of ionization coefficients in wide band gap semiconductor materials is challenging due to the need to operate at high field strengths and the requirement of specific test structures that enable single carrier injection. More often than not, ionization coefficients are inferred from current multiplication data measured in p-n junctions or transistors structures. Unfortunately, sub-par material quality, processing issues and inappropriate measuring techniques have led to ionization coefficients values that are contradictory and with large variation among different datasets. As a result, theoretical models that attempt to predict the values of the carriers’ ionization coefficients are important since they provide an estimate of the expected values and a first order evaluation of the material performance. Developing theoretical models presents its own set of challenges. The established approach is based on a full electronics structure description of the semiconductor material and a suitable model to quantify the interaction of carriers with phonons, impurities and material imperfections. While this methodology has been successful with conventional elemental and compound semiconductors, and it has been applied to some wide band gap materials such as GaN, 4H-SiC [1,2] and diamond, a number of open issues still exists. The main difficulty is the determination of the carrier-phonon scattering strength at high electric field strengths that cannot be inferred from low-field mobility measurements. Among all wide band gap semiconductors, 4H-SiC [3] and GaN [4] are the material for which ionization coefficients have been measured by several groups. In the case of GaN, different measured ionization coefficients datasets are available and seems to provide a consistent indication of the expected values. Corresponding theoretical models based on full-band Monte Carlo simulations have been able to predict the correct trends, namely the fact that holes dominate the ionization process, but a quantitative agreement between predicted and measured values has only been achieved recently [5]. This talk will provide an overview of the currently available experimentally measured ionization coefficients for wide band gap semiconductors and compare them to the ones obtained with theoretical models of different complexity. Specifically the development of the theoretical models for high-field transport for 4H-SiC, GaN will be discussed. Three different approaches, one based on empirical carrier-phonon scattering rates, one using the rigid pseudo ion model, and the direct evaluation of the interaction parameters based on a ab-initio DFT approach will be compared, and the outcome for each one of them benchmarked against the measured values. Additionally, the models will be applied to determine the ionization coefficients in AlGaN alloys, cubic BN and diamond. [1] E. Bellotti et al., J. Appl. Phys., 87, (8), p.3864, 15 April 2000. [2] F. Bertazzi et al., J.
由于需要在高场强下工作，并且需要能够实现单载流子注入的特定测试结构，因此直接测量宽带隙半导体材料中的电离系数具有挑战性。通常情况下，电离系数是从pn结或晶体管结构中测量的电流倍增数据推断出来的。不幸的是，低于标准的材料质量、加工问题和不适当的测量技术导致电离系数值相互矛盾，并且在不同的数据集之间存在很大差异。因此，试图预测载流子电离系数值的理论模型是重要的，因为它们提供了期望值的估计和材料性能的一阶评估。发展理论模型有其自身的挑战。所建立的方法是基于半导体材料的完整电子结构描述和一个合适的模型来量化载流子与声子、杂质和材料缺陷的相互作用。虽然这种方法已经在传统的元素和化合物半导体中取得了成功，并且已经应用于一些宽带隙材料，如GaN, 4H-SiC[1,2]和金刚石，但仍然存在许多悬而未决的问题。主要的困难是确定载流子-声子在高电场强度下的散射强度，这不能从低场迁移率测量中推断出来。在所有的宽带隙半导体中，4H-SiC[3]和GaN[4]是几个研究小组测量过电离系数的材料。在氮化镓的情况下，不同的测量电离系数数据集是可用的，似乎提供了期望值的一致指示。基于全波段蒙特卡罗模拟的相应理论模型已经能够预测正确的趋势，即空穴主导电离过程，但预测值和实测值之间的定量一致直到最近才实现[5]。本讲座将概述目前可用的实验测量的宽禁带半导体的电离系数，并将其与不同复杂性的理论模型所获得的电离系数进行比较。具体来说，将讨论4H-SiC、GaN的高场输运理论模型的发展。将比较三种不同的方法，一种基于经验载流子-声子散射率，一种使用刚性伪离子模型，以及基于从头算DFT方法直接评估相互作用参数，并将每种方法的结果与测量值进行基准比较。此外，该模型将应用于确定AlGaN合金、立方BN和金刚石中的电离系数。[1]张晓明，李晓明。理论物理。， 87，(8)，第3864页，2000年4月15日。[2]张晓明，李晓明。理论物理。， Vol.106, N6, p.063719, 2009年9月15日。[3]李志强，李志强。理论物理。中华人民大学学报，1997,20(1)。理论物理。科学通报，85,8,2004 [4]Cao等，APL, n . 112,2018, Maeda等，JAP, n . 129,2021, McClintock等，APL, n . 90,2007, Ji等，APL, n . 115,2019 [5] E. Bellotti和M. Matsubara，未发表。
{"title":"(Invited) A Closer Look at Impact Ionization Coefficients in Wide Band Gap Semiconductors: Theoretical Models and Measured Data","authors":"Enrico Bellotti, Masahiko Matsubara","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01321819mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01321819mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"The direct measurement of ionization coefficients in wide band gap semiconductor materials is challenging due to the need to operate at high field strengths and the requirement of specific test structures that enable single carrier injection. More often than not, ionization coefficients are inferred from current multiplication data measured in p-n junctions or transistors structures. Unfortunately, sub-par material quality, processing issues and inappropriate measuring techniques have led to ionization coefficients values that are contradictory and with large variation among different datasets. As a result, theoretical models that attempt to predict the values of the carriers’ ionization coefficients are important since they provide an estimate of the expected values and a first order evaluation of the material performance. Developing theoretical models presents its own set of challenges. The established approach is based on a full electronics structure description of the semiconductor material and a suitable model to quantify the interaction of carriers with phonons, impurities and material imperfections. While this methodology has been successful with conventional elemental and compound semiconductors, and it has been applied to some wide band gap materials such as GaN, 4H-SiC [1,2] and diamond, a number of open issues still exists. The main difficulty is the determination of the carrier-phonon scattering strength at high electric field strengths that cannot be inferred from low-field mobility measurements. Among all wide band gap semiconductors, 4H-SiC [3] and GaN [4] are the material for which ionization coefficients have been measured by several groups. In the case of GaN, different measured ionization coefficients datasets are available and seems to provide a consistent indication of the expected values. Corresponding theoretical models based on full-band Monte Carlo simulations have been able to predict the correct trends, namely the fact that holes dominate the ionization process, but a quantitative agreement between predicted and measured values has only been achieved recently [5]. This talk will provide an overview of the currently available experimentally measured ionization coefficients for wide band gap semiconductors and compare them to the ones obtained with theoretical models of different complexity. Specifically the development of the theoretical models for high-field transport for 4H-SiC, GaN will be discussed. Three different approaches, one based on empirical carrier-phonon scattering rates, one using the rigid pseudo ion model, and the direct evaluation of the interaction parameters based on a ab-initio DFT approach will be compared, and the outcome for each one of them benchmarked against the measured values. Additionally, the models will be applied to determine the ionization coefficients in AlGaN alloys, cubic BN and diamond. [1] E. Bellotti et al., J. Appl. Phys., 87, (8), p.3864, 15 April 2000. [2] F. Bertazzi et al., J.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01341936mtgabs
Kai Fan, Kuei-Lin Liu, Jun-Hsuan Chung, Zong-Hong Lin
The wearable device technology plays a huge role in the healthcare sector owing to the aging global population and increased acquisition of the internet of things (IoT). Further, the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the emergence of wearable medical devices in the market. The patients with chronic diseases are more focused on tracking single or multiple nutrients and biomarkers in the body. Diabetes is a classic example of chronic disease where the patients need to monitor their blood glucose level for a long time. In addition, diabetic patients also face electrolyte imbalance which gives rise to several other diseases. There is an immense urgency to develop a sensing platform that can detect the essential ions as well as biomarkers from the interstitial fluid (ISF) as it contains valuable information about the physiological status of a person. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), imbalance of sodium concentration in the body may lead to stroke, hypertension, and epilepsy; for potassium: arrhythmia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dizziness; for calcium: depression, osteoporosis, and other bone-related disease; for pH of body fluid: urinary tract infection, respiratory acidosis, and sleep apnea. Within this advent of wearables, microneedle (MN)-based transdermal sensors are well positioned to play a key role in combining the significant benefits of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) as a source of clinical indicators and minimally invasive skin puncturing to allow the collection of real-time diagnostic data. In this context, we have developed a MNs based versatile platform for the transdermal amperometric detection of glucose and different clinically relevant biomarkers such as K + , Na + , Ca 2+ in the body fluid in a robust, reliable, and cost-effective way. Here, stainless steel microneedle (SS-MN) is used as an ideal candidate for multiplex sensing due to its great chemical stability as well as the rigidity for accurate and painless puncture. The device is fabricated with ion selective electrode (ISM) coating on each needle for their corresponding electrolyte and enzyme for glucose detection. In vitro experiments performed in artificial ISF samples yielded excellent sensitivity and a good linear response. The sensor is successfully applied for in vivo detection of glucose and these ions in SD rats for validating their feasibility as a real-time sensing device. Overall, this developed concept comprises of significant progress in the sensing of glucose and other ions in relation to an electrolyte imbalance in the humans that holds relevance in controlling several diseases.
由于全球人口老龄化和物联网(IoT)的普及，可穿戴设备技术在医疗保健领域发挥着巨大的作用。此外，2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行加速了可穿戴医疗设备在市场上的出现。慢性疾病患者更关注体内单一或多种营养物质和生物标志物的追踪。糖尿病是一种典型的慢性疾病，患者需要长期监测血糖水平。此外，糖尿病患者还面临电解质失衡，从而引发其他几种疾病。由于间质液(ISF)包含有关人的生理状态的宝贵信息，因此开发一种能够检测必需离子和生物标志物的传感平台迫在眉睫。根据疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)，体内钠浓度失衡可能导致中风、高血压和癫痫;对于钾:心律失常、慢性肾病(CKD)和头晕;补钙:抑郁症、骨质疏松症和其他骨相关疾病;体液pH值:尿路感染，呼吸性酸中毒，睡眠呼吸暂停。随着可穿戴设备的出现，基于微针(MN)的透皮传感器将发挥关键作用，将真皮间质液(ISF)作为临床指标来源的显著优势与微创皮肤穿刺相结合，以收集实时诊断数据。在此背景下，我们开发了一种基于MNs的多功能平台，用于透皮安培检测葡萄糖和体液中不同临床相关的生物标志物，如K +， Na +， ca2 +，这是一种稳健，可靠和经济有效的方法。在这里，不锈钢微针(SS-MN)被用作多路传感的理想候选者，因为它具有很强的化学稳定性以及精确和无痛穿刺的刚性。该装置在每个针头上涂有离子选择电极(ISM)，用于检测相应的电解质和葡萄糖酶。体外实验在人工ISF样品中进行，获得了极好的灵敏度和良好的线性响应。该传感器成功应用于SD大鼠体内葡萄糖及这些离子的检测，验证了其作为实时传感装置的可行性。总的来说，这一发展的概念包括与人体电解质失衡相关的葡萄糖和其他离子的传感方面的重大进展，这与控制几种疾病有关。
{"title":"Development of Wearable Microneedle-Based Platform for Real-Time Biomarkers Sensing","authors":"Kai Fan, Kuei-Lin Liu, Jun-Hsuan Chung, Zong-Hong Lin","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01341936mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01341936mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"The wearable device technology plays a huge role in the healthcare sector owing to the aging global population and increased acquisition of the internet of things (IoT). Further, the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the emergence of wearable medical devices in the market. The patients with chronic diseases are more focused on tracking single or multiple nutrients and biomarkers in the body. Diabetes is a classic example of chronic disease where the patients need to monitor their blood glucose level for a long time. In addition, diabetic patients also face electrolyte imbalance which gives rise to several other diseases. There is an immense urgency to develop a sensing platform that can detect the essential ions as well as biomarkers from the interstitial fluid (ISF) as it contains valuable information about the physiological status of a person. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), imbalance of sodium concentration in the body may lead to stroke, hypertension, and epilepsy; for potassium: arrhythmia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dizziness; for calcium: depression, osteoporosis, and other bone-related disease; for pH of body fluid: urinary tract infection, respiratory acidosis, and sleep apnea. Within this advent of wearables, microneedle (MN)-based transdermal sensors are well positioned to play a key role in combining the significant benefits of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) as a source of clinical indicators and minimally invasive skin puncturing to allow the collection of real-time diagnostic data. In this context, we have developed a MNs based versatile platform for the transdermal amperometric detection of glucose and different clinically relevant biomarkers such as K + , Na + , Ca 2+ in the body fluid in a robust, reliable, and cost-effective way. Here, stainless steel microneedle (SS-MN) is used as an ideal candidate for multiplex sensing due to its great chemical stability as well as the rigidity for accurate and painless puncture. The device is fabricated with ion selective electrode (ISM) coating on each needle for their corresponding electrolyte and enzyme for glucose detection. In vitro experiments performed in artificial ISF samples yielded excellent sensitivity and a good linear response. The sensor is successfully applied for in vivo detection of glucose and these ions in SD rats for validating their feasibility as a real-time sensing device. Overall, this developed concept comprises of significant progress in the sensing of glucose and other ions in relation to an electrolyte imbalance in the humans that holds relevance in controlling several diseases.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of robotic systems, an increasing number of various sensitive sensors are needed to meet the requirement of data collection for unmanned detection and monitoring technology. Among various external stimuli information, temperature sensing is an essential important function that can avoid high-temperature scalding injuries, achieve robot detection of environmental, and human-machine interfaces applications. However, most of the existing temperature sensors for robotic sensing are realized by rigid materials, which have the disadvantage of not being able to adapt to an arbitrarily curved surface. Also, most of the sensors are thermistor-based approaches, which faces challenges in developing a low-cost robotic system since external power is required to obtain the sensing signal. In this work, a self-powered and stretchable temperature sensor based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology was developed. The principle of TENG is the coupling effect of triboelectric charge transfer and electrostatic induction effects, which can generate different magnitudes of electrical signals when subjected to external stimuli, including temperature. To this end, this study is a pilot effort toward validating the sensitivity of TENG electrical output on different temperature effects. The surface potential of materials is explored under different temperatures by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), which shows the feasibility of self-powered temperature sensor. The proposed temperature sensor is composed of highly resilient materials physiological saline as liquid electrode encapsulated with Ecoflex as triboelectric layer, which has the advantage of biocompatibility. The temperature sensing performance was successfully maintained at 200% stretch. Owing to its flexible, bendable and stretchable characteristics, the self-powered temperature-sensitive sensor has been successfully demonstrated on a robot hand, which can read the information and respond to different temperatures through the feedback system. Overall, this self-powered temperature-sensitive sensor has great potential to be an emerging tool for human-robot interaction and automatic detection.
{"title":"A Flexible and Stretchable Temperature Sensor Based on Contact Electrification for Robotic Sensing","authors":"Kee Chin Lim, Shuo-Wen Chen, Yung-Hsin Chen, Yan-Tsz Huang, Arnab Pal, Zong-Hong Lin","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01341877mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01341877mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of robotic systems, an increasing number of various sensitive sensors are needed to meet the requirement of data collection for unmanned detection and monitoring technology. Among various external stimuli information, temperature sensing is an essential important function that can avoid high-temperature scalding injuries, achieve robot detection of environmental, and human-machine interfaces applications. However, most of the existing temperature sensors for robotic sensing are realized by rigid materials, which have the disadvantage of not being able to adapt to an arbitrarily curved surface. Also, most of the sensors are thermistor-based approaches, which faces challenges in developing a low-cost robotic system since external power is required to obtain the sensing signal. In this work, a self-powered and stretchable temperature sensor based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology was developed. The principle of TENG is the coupling effect of triboelectric charge transfer and electrostatic induction effects, which can generate different magnitudes of electrical signals when subjected to external stimuli, including temperature. To this end, this study is a pilot effort toward validating the sensitivity of TENG electrical output on different temperature effects. The surface potential of materials is explored under different temperatures by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), which shows the feasibility of self-powered temperature sensor. The proposed temperature sensor is composed of highly resilient materials physiological saline as liquid electrode encapsulated with Ecoflex as triboelectric layer, which has the advantage of biocompatibility. The temperature sensing performance was successfully maintained at 200% stretch. Owing to its flexible, bendable and stretchable characteristics, the self-powered temperature-sensitive sensor has been successfully demonstrated on a robot hand, which can read the information and respond to different temperatures through the feedback system. Overall, this self-powered temperature-sensitive sensor has great potential to be an emerging tool for human-robot interaction and automatic detection.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01341875mtgabs
Min-Hsin Yeh
Emerging wearable devices with non-invasively biosensing technics have drawn considerable attention to continuously monitor several metabolites in body fluids, such as a tear, saliva, and sweat, to diagnose human health conditions. Most importantly, wearable sensors could offer unique possibilities for online, real-time and non-invasive monitoring of health compared to traditional invasive biosensors. Among lots of analytes, lactic acid concentration in the human body exhibits a high relationship with several diseases such as acute heart diseases, hypoxia, muscle fatigue, meningitis, and cystic fibrosis, and it could also cause muscle pain in athletes. To further boost up the reproducibility and reliability of wearable biosensors to detect lactate concentration levels from human sweat, Ni-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) with various secondary transition metals (Fe and Co) was proposed as electrocatalysts in an enzyme-free electrochemical lactate sensor. According to the mechanism of lactate oxidation on the transition metal-based electrocatalyst, secondary transition metal of Co could serve as the active site for lactate oxidation and facilitate the adsorption of OH - in the alkaline electrolyte. To further increasing the active surface area for enhancing the sensitivity of Ni-based LDH, ZIF-67 derived NiCo LDH was synthesized as the electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic lactate detection. Co-based ZIF-67 served as self-sacrificial templates to fabricate hierarchically structural NiCo LDH with uniform porosity and high electrochemically active surface area to achieve outstanding electrocatalytic performance for lactate sensing. After optimizing the particle size of ZIF-67 and transformation times, ZIF-67 derived NiCo LDH reached the ultrahigh sensitivity of 83.98 μA mM - 1 cm - 2 at an applied potential of 0.55 V (vs. Ag/AgCl KCl sat’d) in the concentration range from 2 to 26 mM. On the other hand, pioneering works in biosensors for lactate detection in sweat has been encountered major challenges such as noble material usage, immobile power supply, and complicated circuit connection to realize the compact sustainable sensing systems. To solve these restrictions, herein, the self-powered molecular imprinted polymers based triboelectric sensor (MIP-TES) was designed to offer a multifunctional noninvasive approach for specific and simultaneous lactate detection. Free-standing PVDF/graphene flexible electrode modified poly(3-aminophenyl boronic acid) imprinted lactate molecule demonstrated the change of the surface properties afterlactate adsorption. MIP-modified electrode revealed the selective lactate sensing over non molecular imprinted polymers (NIP) electrode through the superior and stable signal change with variation of lactate concentration in human sweat. Moreover, MIP modified lactate sensor was further introduced in the triboelectric nanogenerator system to harvest mechanical energy from contact and separation into electrical output. The
新兴的具有非侵入性生物传感技术的可穿戴设备已经引起了相当大的关注，它可以连续监测体液中的几种代谢物，如眼泪、唾液和汗水，以诊断人类的健康状况。最重要的是，与传统的侵入性生物传感器相比，可穿戴传感器可以为在线、实时和非侵入性的健康监测提供独特的可能性。在众多的分析物中，乳酸在人体内的浓度与急性心脏病、缺氧、肌肉疲劳、脑膜炎、囊性纤维化等多种疾病有很高的关系，也可能引起运动员肌肉疼痛。为了进一步提高可穿戴式生物传感器检测人体汗液中乳酸浓度水平的重现性和可靠性，提出了镍基层状双氢氧化物(LDH)与各种二级过渡金属(Fe和Co)作为无酶电化学乳酸传感器的电催化剂。根据过渡金属基电催化剂上乳酸氧化的机理，Co的二级过渡金属可以作为乳酸氧化的活性位点，促进碱性电解质中OH -的吸附。为了进一步增加ni基LDH的活性表面积，提高ni基LDH的灵敏度，合成了ZIF-67衍生的NiCo LDH作为非酶促乳酸检测的电催化剂。以co基ZIF-67为自我牺牲模板，制备了具有均匀孔隙度和高电化学活性表面积的分层结构NiCo LDH，获得了优异的乳酸传感电催化性能。通过优化ZIF-67的粒径和转化次数，ZIF-67衍生的NiCo LDH在0.55 V (vs. Ag/AgCl KCl sat 'd)电位下，在2 ~ 26 mM的浓度范围内达到了83.98 μA mM - 1 cm - 2的极高灵敏度。和复杂的电路连接，以实现紧凑的可持续传感系统。为了解决这些限制，本文设计了基于自供电分子印迹聚合物的摩擦电传感器(MIP-TES)，为特异性和同步乳酸检测提供了一种多功能无创方法。独立PVDF/石墨烯柔性电极修饰聚(3-氨基苯基硼酸)印迹乳酸分子，研究了乳酸吸附后表面性质的变化。mip修饰电极通过对人体汗液中乳酸浓度变化的优越而稳定的信号变化，揭示了相对于非分子印迹聚合物(NIP)电极的选择性乳酸传感。此外，在摩擦纳米发电机系统中进一步引入MIP改性乳酸传感器，将接触分离过程中的机械能转化为电能输出。当检测到较高乳酸浓度时，吸附的乳酸越多，能垒越低，电势越低。自供电摩擦电乳酸传感器可直接为多个LED灯供电，无需外部电源。最终验证了可穿戴传感器在人体皮肤上应用的可行性。通过引入无创无酶生物传感器和摩擦电传感器，创新地实现了一种具有实际应用价值的连续无创健康监测平台，特别是在家庭医疗检查和可穿戴个人生物传感器领域。
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Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01282763mtgabs
Lydia Weseler, Marco Löffelholz, Jens Osiewacz, Thomas Turek
CO 2 is one of the major contributors to the emission of greenhouse gases boosting climate change. Meanwhile, renewable energy production is fluctuating due to weather conditions, demanding for appropriate storage, e. g. by Power-to-X technology. The first step of these processes, the production of hydrogen via water electrolysis, is typically linked to a second step to obtain hydrocarbons [1]. Meanwhile, electrochemical CO 2 reduction (eCO 2 R) is capable of generating chemical feedstocks by converting excess CO 2 , simultaneously using renewable energy sources during peak times. A promising pathway of eCO 2 R focuses on CO, as it can be produced with high selectivity at silver catalysts, concurrently generating hydrogen as the only byproduct [2]. To partly overcome the mass transport limitations resulting from the very limited solubility of CO 2 in aqueous electrolytes, gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are typically used for eCO 2 R in a three-chamber setup with anolyte, catholyte and separate gas compartment [3]. However, there are still considerable overpotentials in this setup, among others caused by ohmic losses such as the electrolyte resistance. Employing membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), either both electrodes or one of them can be combined with the membrane to form a full- or half-MEA, respectively, resulting in a significant decrease in cell voltage. Although there have already been studies on the fabrication of MEAs employing silver catalysts for eCO 2 R [4, 5], they are still very limited in options and mostly based on carbon gas diffusion layers (GDLs). The manufacturing approach applied in this work is based on a catalyst ink recipe for sintered silver GDEs originally developed for chlor-alkali electrolysis by Moussallem et al. [6]. Instead of using Nickel mesh as a substrate, the suspension is spray-coated on a stainless steel plate to enable the required treatment at temperatures above 300 °C. Afterwards, the catalyst layer is hot-pressed on the prepared anion exchange membrane at more moderate temperatures, forming a supportless cathodic half-MEA. Resulting from variations in the manufacturing procedure, different MEAs are electrochemically characterized, examining Faradaic efficiencies as well as cell voltages, also in comparison to measurements performed in three-chamber setup. Addressing challenges in product efficiency and membrane degradation, it is shown that this type of MEA is capable of eCO 2 R to CO, already reducing the cell potential at elevated current densities by nearly 50 %, see fig. 1. [1] Tom Kober et al. Report: perspectives of power-to-X technologies in Switzerland: supplementary report to the white paper . en. Technical report. 2019. doi: 10.3929/ETHZ-B-000525806. [2] Yoshio Hori et al. “Electrocatalytic process of CO selectivity in electrochemical reduction of CO 2 at metal electrodes in aqueous media”. Electrochimica Acta , 39 (11-12), (1994), 1833–1839. [3] Thomas Burdyny and Wilson A. Smith. “CO 2 red
{"title":"Silver-Based Supportless Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction","authors":"Lydia Weseler, Marco Löffelholz, Jens Osiewacz, Thomas Turek","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01282763mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01282763mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"CO 2 is one of the major contributors to the emission of greenhouse gases boosting climate change. Meanwhile, renewable energy production is fluctuating due to weather conditions, demanding for appropriate storage, e. g. by Power-to-X technology. The first step of these processes, the production of hydrogen via water electrolysis, is typically linked to a second step to obtain hydrocarbons [1]. Meanwhile, electrochemical CO 2 reduction (eCO 2 R) is capable of generating chemical feedstocks by converting excess CO 2 , simultaneously using renewable energy sources during peak times. A promising pathway of eCO 2 R focuses on CO, as it can be produced with high selectivity at silver catalysts, concurrently generating hydrogen as the only byproduct [2]. To partly overcome the mass transport limitations resulting from the very limited solubility of CO 2 in aqueous electrolytes, gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are typically used for eCO 2 R in a three-chamber setup with anolyte, catholyte and separate gas compartment [3]. However, there are still considerable overpotentials in this setup, among others caused by ohmic losses such as the electrolyte resistance. Employing membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), either both electrodes or one of them can be combined with the membrane to form a full- or half-MEA, respectively, resulting in a significant decrease in cell voltage. Although there have already been studies on the fabrication of MEAs employing silver catalysts for eCO 2 R [4, 5], they are still very limited in options and mostly based on carbon gas diffusion layers (GDLs). The manufacturing approach applied in this work is based on a catalyst ink recipe for sintered silver GDEs originally developed for chlor-alkali electrolysis by Moussallem et al. [6]. Instead of using Nickel mesh as a substrate, the suspension is spray-coated on a stainless steel plate to enable the required treatment at temperatures above 300 °C. Afterwards, the catalyst layer is hot-pressed on the prepared anion exchange membrane at more moderate temperatures, forming a supportless cathodic half-MEA. Resulting from variations in the manufacturing procedure, different MEAs are electrochemically characterized, examining Faradaic efficiencies as well as cell voltages, also in comparison to measurements performed in three-chamber setup. Addressing challenges in product efficiency and membrane degradation, it is shown that this type of MEA is capable of eCO 2 R to CO, already reducing the cell potential at elevated current densities by nearly 50 %, see fig. 1. [1] Tom Kober et al. Report: perspectives of power-to-X technologies in Switzerland: supplementary report to the white paper . en. Technical report. 2019. doi: 10.3929/ETHZ-B-000525806. [2] Yoshio Hori et al. “Electrocatalytic process of CO selectivity in electrochemical reduction of CO 2 at metal electrodes in aqueous media”. Electrochimica Acta , 39 (11-12), (1994), 1833–1839. [3] Thomas Burdyny and Wilson A. Smith. “CO 2 red","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01341921mtgabs
Chia Kai Lin, Chia-Che Wu, Akhil Kavanal Paulose, Yueh-Ju Hou, Chee-Seng Lee, Heuy-Ling Chen, Yu-Lin Wang
ABSTRACT Biliary Atresia (BA) is a severe liver disease that affects newborns. This disease may cause cholestasis and progressive hepatic failure or even death if not treated immediately. ELISA blood tests for metabolic screening are the current method of diagnosing BA. However, newborns need rapid BA detection for treatment in the future. The increased matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) cause BA-related liver fibrosis and newborns diagnosed with BA show higher MMP7 levels than those diagnosed with cholestasis. Several platforms have been developed for the fast detection of Biliary Atresia (BA). Here, we developed an electric-double-layer (EDL)-gated field-effect transistor (FET) platform for Biliary Atresia (BA) detection. The core idea of this sensor array is to use a uniquely designed DNA probe to capture MMP7 proteins and monitor the change in drain current caused by the target capturing. Different concentrations of MMP7 spiked and tested over a functionalized sensor. The simple and cost-effective fabrication and ease of use make this sensor a promising tool as a point care detection device. Keywords: EDL, FET, Biliary atresia, MMP7, Biosensors INTRODUCTION Due to the symptomatic similarity to cholestatic liver diseases, it is challenging to diagnose a precise BA for newborns. False diagnosis may delay timely treatment (e.g., surgery) and worsens the prognosis. However, BA's underlying causes are still unclear. A level increase of intrahepatic matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) signifies BA-related liver fibrosis. BA cases found in newborns revealed higher MMP7 levels than cholestasis. MMP7 is a protease that contributes to tissue remodeling and breaks down extracellular matrix through a signal pathway. Based on the clinical results, MMP7 has emerged as a novel biomarker for BA diagnosis. ELISA was employed as the current method for detecting Biliary Atresia (BA). However, the procedure of ELISA has shortcomings, such as being time-consuming, high cost, and complicated operation. Hence, rapid and precise diagnostic methods need to be developed. In this work, we propose to detect MMP7 proteins using an electric-double-layer (EDL)-gated field-effect transistor (FET). As shown in Figure 1, The aptamer of MMP7 was immobilized on sensor electrodes, allowing a binding with the protein. As the number of the captured analytes increases; the sensor signals, amplified by a FET, will respond to it. As such, we look forward to detecting MMP7 in serum samples collected from newborns and helping the clinical diagnostics by this EDL-gated FET biosensor. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extended gate chip was employed in the sensor array. The electrode surface was cleaned using oxygen plasma, following which, the probe was immobilized on it. The MMP7 aptamer is mixed with TCEP for 30 minutes at room temperature, TCEP was used as a reducing agent which helps in the formation of dithiol bonds (SS), making the attachment of the probe easier. The mixture solution is then
{"title":"Electric-Double-Layer (EDL)-Gated FET Aptasensors for Highly Sensitive MMP7 Detection","authors":"Chia Kai Lin, Chia-Che Wu, Akhil Kavanal Paulose, Yueh-Ju Hou, Chee-Seng Lee, Heuy-Ling Chen, Yu-Lin Wang","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01341921mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01341921mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biliary Atresia (BA) is a severe liver disease that affects newborns. This disease may cause cholestasis and progressive hepatic failure or even death if not treated immediately. ELISA blood tests for metabolic screening are the current method of diagnosing BA. However, newborns need rapid BA detection for treatment in the future. The increased matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) cause BA-related liver fibrosis and newborns diagnosed with BA show higher MMP7 levels than those diagnosed with cholestasis. Several platforms have been developed for the fast detection of Biliary Atresia (BA). Here, we developed an electric-double-layer (EDL)-gated field-effect transistor (FET) platform for Biliary Atresia (BA) detection. The core idea of this sensor array is to use a uniquely designed DNA probe to capture MMP7 proteins and monitor the change in drain current caused by the target capturing. Different concentrations of MMP7 spiked and tested over a functionalized sensor. The simple and cost-effective fabrication and ease of use make this sensor a promising tool as a point care detection device. Keywords: EDL, FET, Biliary atresia, MMP7, Biosensors INTRODUCTION Due to the symptomatic similarity to cholestatic liver diseases, it is challenging to diagnose a precise BA for newborns. False diagnosis may delay timely treatment (e.g., surgery) and worsens the prognosis. However, BA's underlying causes are still unclear. A level increase of intrahepatic matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) signifies BA-related liver fibrosis. BA cases found in newborns revealed higher MMP7 levels than cholestasis. MMP7 is a protease that contributes to tissue remodeling and breaks down extracellular matrix through a signal pathway. Based on the clinical results, MMP7 has emerged as a novel biomarker for BA diagnosis. ELISA was employed as the current method for detecting Biliary Atresia (BA). However, the procedure of ELISA has shortcomings, such as being time-consuming, high cost, and complicated operation. Hence, rapid and precise diagnostic methods need to be developed. In this work, we propose to detect MMP7 proteins using an electric-double-layer (EDL)-gated field-effect transistor (FET). As shown in Figure 1, The aptamer of MMP7 was immobilized on sensor electrodes, allowing a binding with the protein. As the number of the captured analytes increases; the sensor signals, amplified by a FET, will respond to it. As such, we look forward to detecting MMP7 in serum samples collected from newborns and helping the clinical diagnostics by this EDL-gated FET biosensor. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extended gate chip was employed in the sensor array. The electrode surface was cleaned using oxygen plasma, following which, the probe was immobilized on it. The MMP7 aptamer is mixed with TCEP for 30 minutes at room temperature, TCEP was used as a reducing agent which helps in the formation of dithiol bonds (SS), making the attachment of the probe easier. The mixture solution is then ","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A sputtering method is used to form the seed layer for copper electric plating. In general, copper spatter has weak adhesion to resin, so titanium spatter is combined to increase the adhesion strength. However, etching in the lithography process requires two types of processes, titanium and copper metal. We have reported the improvement of adhesion of copper sputter to glass epoxy resin by medium vacuum sputtering equipment in 242nd ECS meeting. Adhesion strength was improved by performing vacuum ultraviolet treatment as a pretreatment for medium-vacuum sputtering. We discovered the relationship between the hydroxyl groups on the resin surface and the adhesion force by the chemical modification XPS method. Furthermore, by XPS analysis of the peeled copper interface, the adhesion mechanism between the resin and copper due to UV irradiation was estimated. We evaluated the absorption properties in the vacuum ultraviolet region of a thinly processed glass epoxy resin. We investigated the behavior of functional groups at the interface and considered the effect of vacuum ultraviolet rays in the depth direction.
{"title":"Consideration of Improved Adhesion of Direct Copper Seed Layer by Medium-Vacuum Sputtering Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Light","authors":"Shinichi Endo, Akihiro Shimizu, Hiroyuki Ueyama, Kazuhiro Fukada, Yuta Kashiwagi, Hirosuke Takamatsu, Kiyoaki Hashimoto, Ryotaro Takahashi","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01301811mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01301811mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"A sputtering method is used to form the seed layer for copper electric plating. In general, copper spatter has weak adhesion to resin, so titanium spatter is combined to increase the adhesion strength. However, etching in the lithography process requires two types of processes, titanium and copper metal. We have reported the improvement of adhesion of copper sputter to glass epoxy resin by medium vacuum sputtering equipment in 242nd ECS meeting. Adhesion strength was improved by performing vacuum ultraviolet treatment as a pretreatment for medium-vacuum sputtering. We discovered the relationship between the hydroxyl groups on the resin surface and the adhesion force by the chemical modification XPS method. Furthermore, by XPS analysis of the peeled copper interface, the adhesion mechanism between the resin and copper due to UV irradiation was estimated. We evaluated the absorption properties in the vacuum ultraviolet region of a thinly processed glass epoxy resin. We investigated the behavior of functional groups at the interface and considered the effect of vacuum ultraviolet rays in the depth direction.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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