ECS Meeting Abstracts最新文献

{"title":"(Digital Presentation) Ethanol Electro-Oxidation Kinetics Using Activated Carbon-Supported Pt-Ag Catalysts in Alkaline Media","authors":"Sarmistha Baruah, Akshai Kumar, Nageswara Rao Peela","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01402879mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01402879mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Due to scarcity of fossil fuels and their severe environmental consequences, the development of high efficiency energy conversion devices such as fuel cells (FCs) have gained considerable attention. The specific energy conversion efficiency of FC is highly influenced by the activity of the electrocatalysts. The Pt is widely used as an electrocatalyst due to its high activity and stability, but its high cost and depletion of resources hinder its commercialization. One of the workable strategies for the practical application of Pt is to reduce its content by alloying with some non-precious metals and simultaneously maintain its electrochemical performance. In this context, we developed a low Pt-loaded Pt-Ag/C alloy electrocatalyst via a gradual reduction process. The electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized catalyst was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using the three-electrode electrochemical workstation at room temperature. The electrocatalytic investigations reveal that the resultant alloy has an activity of 32.7 mA cm -2 , which is significantly higher than that of Pt/C (17.6 mA cm -2 ) in an alkaline electrolyte and makes it a very efficient electrocatalyst for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The partial electron transfer from Ag to Pt in Pt-Ag alloy, which weakens the CO binding and poisoning effect on the surface, may be partly responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity of Pt-Ag/C. The activated carbon support also favors charge transport by transferring charge from catalytic active sites to external circuits. The stability and durability studies reveal that Pt-Ag/C performs significantly better than Pt/C, making it a viable electrocatalyst for EOR. Keywords: Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, Alloy.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Electrochemical Migration and Growth of Isolated Metal Particles","authors":"Shakul Pathak, Martin Z. Bazant","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01442416mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01442416mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Electrokinetic phenomena within complex structures are relevant in microfluidics. For example, ion concentration polarization is used for electrokinetic trapping for enhanced biosensing using molecular probes 1 . Concentration polarization near ion-selective membranes also plays an important role in separation systems for desalination 2 . Aside from microfluidics, electrochemical growth-dissolution phenomenon has been reported in lithium ion battery systems where lithium plating and subsequent growth of dendrites can exacerbate the loss of cyclable lithium through the formation of isolated Lithium (i-Li) islands 3 . Initially thought to be “dead”, these islands were shown to migrate from one electrode to the other through a deposition-dissolution mechanism 3 . We present a mathematical solution for the growth and migration of an electrochemically active metal particle in a background current. A broad range of phenomena such as viscous fingering 4 , diffusion-limited aggregation 4 and electrochemical deposition 5 follow Laplacian growth and have been traditionally described using conformal map-dynamics in two dimensions. Some non-Laplacian phenomena like electrochemical transport 6,7 and advection-diffusion-limited aggregation 6 fall into the conformally invariant category 8 and can still be simplified using conformal-mapping techniques. Our solution applies conformal mapping to the non-Laplacian growth of the metal particle to evaluate the role of particle morphology in the evolution of the phase boundary. In addition to migration, dissolution-deposition was found to lead to formation of cusps on the phase boundary under certain conditions. The solution is applicable for a general class of problems with a reactive post or particle in an applied background flux. Analytical solutions such as the one presented here are expected to augment numerical simulations and lead to expressions that capture conditions for the onset of morphological instabilities. References S. Park, B. Sabbagh, R. Abu-Rjal, and G. Yossifon, Lab Chip , 22 , 814–825 (2022) https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/lc/d1lc00864a. D. Deng et al., Desalination , 357 , 77–83 (2015). F. Liu et al., Nature 2021 600:7890 , 600 , 659–663 (2021) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04168-w. J. Mathiesen, I. Procaccia, H. L. Swinney, and M. Thrasher, Europhys Lett , 76 , 257 (2006) https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/epl/i2006-10246-x. D. A. Kessler, J. Koplik, and H. Levine, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00018738800101379 , 37 , 255–339 (2006) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00018738800101379. M. Z. Bazant, J. Choi, and B. Davidovitch, Phys Rev Lett , 91 , 045503 (2003) https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.045503. Z. Gu et al., Phys Rev Fluids , 7 , 033701 (2022) https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.7.033701. M. Z. Bazant, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engine","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency Optimization of SOFC Subject to Degradation and Minimum Power Constraint","authors":"Hangyue Li, Minfang Han","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-0154134mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154134mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a developing energy conversion technology featuring high efficiency, power density, durability, and fuel compatibility. With these advantages, SOFCs are combined frequently with heat engines such as gas turbines, for higher system efficiency and power density. In practice, SOFCs are often required to deliver certain power. Considering economical aspects, power generation efficiency is critical to the running cost of energy conversion systems. However, high power and high efficiency are likely reached under different operating conditions. For example, to meet peak power demands, higher operating currents and fuel flowrates are necessary, while SOFCs are generally more energy efficient at lower current densities and fuel flowrates. Hence, the ideal operating condition is the solution to a power-constrained efficiency optimization problem. Moreover, SOFCs degrade as they operate, introducing gradual changes to SOFC characteristics. Thus, the optimization needs to be solved dynamically. To analyze the above-mentioned problem, a 10 cm by 10 cm planar SOFC was repeatedly tested for polarization characterizations and electrochemical impedance spectra. A 2-dimentional multi-physics model was developed and calibrated using both polarization and impedance data. To account for the lower open circuit voltage at lower fuel flowrates, an equivalent leakage current is included in the model. The model was thereafter employed for efficiency optimization given power constraints. At each required power output, the optimal fuel flowrate and the corresponding voltage, current, and efficiency was calculated. The electrical efficiency peaks globally at around 0.1 Standard Liter per Minute (SLM) hydrogen flowrate, while at higher power, the optimal efficiency is reached at fuel utilizations between 65% and 90%. Accounting for degradation in terms of growing ohmic resistance and decreasing electrode exchange current densities, the optimal efficiency is reached at lowering fuel utilization and lowering voltage, which may result in local oxidization of the anode. Moreover, an easy and straight-forward way was proposed to estimate the optimal fuel flowrate given polarization data. Further studies involving the safety constraints will be carried out in the future. Figure 1","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechano-Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Undoped and Mn²⁺ Doped Cspb(Br_1-xCl_x)₃ Halide Perovskite for Light Source Application","authors":"Ivy Krystal Jones, Uwe Hommerich, Kesete Ghebreyessus, Vadivel Jagasivamani, Demetris Geddis, Kabir Al Amin, Sudhir Trivedi, Amanda Tiano, Seth Fraden, Amir Moore, Khalid Hampton","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01321827mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01321827mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"All-inorganic halide perovskites (HPs) continue to be of current interest for light source applications (e.g. lasers, LED’s) because of their high emission quantum yields and wide wavelength tunability due to compositional engineering [1]. The development of red and near-IR emitting lead halide perovskites, however, has been hampered by low emission efficiency and instability of iodine based compositions at room temperature. Recent studies employing transition metal or lanthanide doping have demonstrated an alternative approach to achieve red and near-IR emitting HPs structures [2-4]. In this study we report results of the mechano-chemical synthesis of undoped and manganese (Mn) doped CsPb(Br 1-x Cl x ) 3 halide perovskites as emitting materials for light source development. Mechano-chemical synthesis is considered a green chemistry method avoiding the use of complex and time-consuming reactions, energetic-enabled conditions, expensive precursor sources, and hazardous reagents, catalysts, additives, and surfactants. Mechano-chemical synthesis experiments were performed employing a high energy ball-mill and 5N purity lead halide and cesium halide powders. The prepared HPs were evaluated by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, and fluorometric measurements. Under UV optical excitation a Mn doped CsPbCl 3 sample exhibited a broad red emission band centers at ~615nm, which was slightly red-shifted compared to the emission from a melt-grown Mn: CsPbCl 3 crystals (see Figure 1). Post synthesis optimization strategies for HPs were also explored including thermal treatment, high-pressure studies, and solvent dependency. Comparative studies of the emission properties of undoped and Mn doped CsPb(Br 1-x Cl x ) 3 prepared by mechano-chemical synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, and melt-synthesis will also be presented. Acknowledgment This work was supported by the Army Research Office (grant W911NF1810447) and National Science Foundation (grant NSF-DMR 1827820-PREM). References [1] R. Babu, L. Giribabu, S. P. Singh, \"Recent Advances in Halide-Based Perovskite Crystals and Their Optoelectronic Applications\", Cryst. Growth Des. 18, 2645 (2018). [2] B. Su, G. Zhou, J. Huang, E. Song, A, Nag, Z. Xia, “Mn 2+ doped metal halide perovskites: structure photoluminescence, and applications”, Laser and Photonics Reviews, 15, 2000334 (2021). [3] U. Hommerich, J. Barnett, A. Kabir, K. Ghebreyessus, K. Hampton, S. Uba, I. Uba, D. Geddis, C. Yang, S.B. Trivedi, S. Fraden, A. Aghvami, \"Comparative steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy of Mn doped CsPbCl 3 perovskites nanoparticles and bulk single crystals for photonic applications \", SPIE Proceedings Volume 11682, Optical Components and Materials XVIII, 116821J (2021). [4] U. Hömmerich, D. Hart, A. Kabir, C. Yang, S. B. Trivedi, \"Materials development and mid-infrared emission properties of Dy-doped TlPb 2 Br 5 and CsPbCl 3 ,\" Proc. SPIE 11276, Optical Components and Materials XVII, 112761D (2020). Figure","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured LSC Thin Film Electrodes with Improved Electrochemical Performance and Long-Term Stability","authors":"Katherine Develos Bagarinao, Ozden Celikbilek, Gwilherm Kerherve, Sarah Fearn, Stephen J Skinner, Haruo Kishimoto","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-0154113mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154113mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3-δ (LSC) thin film electrodes exhibit exceptionally high oxygen surface exchange properties, surpassing those of conventional microscale electrode structures, which are desirable for application in solid oxide cells (SOC) [1-2]. On the other hand, the LSC nanostructures also tend to undergo significant morphological changes at typically high temperatures required for SOC operation, leading to rapid degradation in performance. Here, towards the goal of improving the long-term stability of electrochemical performance of nanostructured LSC thin films, a systematic investigation of the effect of processing temperatures on long-term stability was carried out [3]. By varying the deposition temperature (500 °C to room temperature), the as-grown characteristic nanostructures of LSC thin films prepared using pulsed laser deposition can be tuned from highly dense nanocolumnar grains to nanofibrous structures with high porosity. Variations in the deposition temperature also resulted to differences in the proportion of surface-bound/lattice-bound Sr and Co 2+ /Co 3+ at the surfaces of the as-grown LSC thin films; however, prolonged annealing at 700 °C in air essentially transforms the surfaces to a final state with mostly lattice-bound Sr and Co 3+ . Nevertheless, LSC films with initially nanofibrous structures are found to be less prone to the grain sintering effect occurring at high temperatures and exhibit less degradation of the electrode polarization resistance as compared to well-dense films. Using lower deposition temperatures, cation interdiffusion occurring at LSC/GDC interfaces is also significantly suppressed, thus leading to better interfacial stability as compared to those prepared at higher deposition temperatures. These results highlight the relationship between characteristic nanostructures of thin film electrodes and electrochemical performance and provide guidance on designing electrodes with improved long-term stability. [1] J. Januschewsky, M. Ahrens, A. Opitz, F. Kubel and J. Fleig, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2009, 19, 3151–3156. [2] J. Hayd, L. Dieterle, U. Guntow, D. Gerthsen and E. Ivers-Tiffee, J. Power Sources, 2011, 196, 7263–7270. [3] K. Develos-Bagarinao, O. Celikbilek, R. A. Budiman, G. Kerherve, S. Fearn, S. J. Skinner and H. Kishimoto, J. Mater. Chem. A, 10, 2445-2459 (2022).","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Composite Nano-Catalyst Enhanced Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes for Improved Performance and Stability with Hydrocarbon Containing Fuels","authors":"Saad Waseem, Matthew Barre, Katarzyna Sabolsky, Richard Hart, Seunghyuck Hong, Edward Sabolsky","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-015477mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015477mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of nano-catalyst materials into solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes to improve performance and stability has been widely studied. Addition of the nano-catalysts into an electrode structure serves to enhance the electrochemical performance of the SOFC by increasing the Triple Phase Boundary (TPB) area, improving redox stabilization, and modifying reaction kinetics of hydrocarbon gasses that cause anode degradation due to carbon deposition. SOFCs operating upstream of a reformer need to exhibit good tolerance to any hydrocarbon components that may make their way to the stack. Typical Ni-based cermet anodes suffer from anode deactivation due to carbon build up under hydrocarbon flows. Carbon builds up and covers the TPB area which results in poor electrochemical performance. Larger carbon deposits can block pores within the anode microstructure which leads to gas diffusion issues. Carbon buildup also causes mechanical stresses to the electrode due to volumetric changes which can lead to fracture and complete failure of the cell. This work studied nano-catalyst decoration of the Ni-based cermet anodes with catalysts that promote internal reforming to protect against coking. Addition of active metal components (such as Co, Ge, Sn), and ceramic reforming promoters (such as CeO 2 , MgO) were investigated. Multi-component systems with several catalysts were also examined. Uniform incorporation of nano-catalyst into the anode microstructure was achieved through a patented liquid phase surfactant assisted process (using various catechol surfactants). Deposition loading densities and distribution of nanoparticles was controlled by altering the surfactant and catalyst solution concentrations. Nano-catalyst depositions were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for imaging, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for topographical analysis, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) for chemical characterization. Figure 1 shows SEM imaging of nano catalyst distribution of cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) and cobalt oxide (CoO) co-deposition within an anode structure. A uniform distribution of nano-sized catalyst materials is observed. Accelerated evaluation of nano-catalysts for SOFCs was completed through symmetrical anode tests, where a symmetrical anode cell was subjected to hydrocarbon impurity at SOFC operating temperatures and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization was done over time. The best catalyst systems were down selected and long-term SOFC tests were completed with current-voltage-power (I-V-P) and EIS evaluation. Post-mortem microstructure and chemistry characterizations were also used in analysis. Uniform nano catalyst distribution of CeO 2 and CoO within the anode structure demonstrated greater than 50% sustained improvement in harsh environment, long-term tests where the cell was subjected to 40% CH 4 for 50+ h. Figure 1","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Modelling of Solid Oxide Cells Validated on Electrochemical Impedance Spectra and Polarization Curves","authors":"Giuseppe Sassone, Eduardo Da Rosa Silva, Manon Prioux, Maxime Hubert, Bertrand Morel, Aline Léon, Jérôme Laurencin","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-0154103mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154103mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) are high temperature energy-conversion devices which have attracted a growing interest in the recent years. Indeed, this technology presents a high efficiency and a good reversibility in fuel cell (SOFC) and electrolysis (SOEC) modes. Thanks to its flexibility, SOCs can offer technical solutions for the development of a clean hydrogen economy. Nevertheless, SOCs durability is still insufficient for large scale commercialization. Therefore, it is still required to improve the SOCs lifetime by maintaining high performances. For this purpose, it is necessary to better understand the impact of global operating conditions on the local processes taking place in the cell components. Besides, the role of the electrode microstructure on the reaction mechanism is still not precisely understood. From this point of view, the modelling can be an efficient tool to unravel and better analyze all the microscopic processes involved in the cell operation. In this context, a physical-based model has been proposed to investigate the impact of operating conditions on the electrodes reaction mechanisms and cell performances. This model takes into account (i) a 3D representation of the electrode microstructure [1], (ii) a description of the reaction mechanisms in full elementary steps [2,3] and (iii) the SOC geometry with the gas flow configuration [4,5]. This multiscale model has been developed considering a typical cell composed of a dense electrolyte in Y 0.148 Zr 0.852 O 1.926 (8YSZ) sandwiched between an O 2 electrode in La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3- d -Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 2-δ (LSCF-GDC) and an H 2 electrode made of Ni and YSZ (Ni-YSZ). The model has been validated using a specific experimental setup which was developed to measure the local polarization curves along the cell length. For this purpose, a specific design of the interconnect has been proposed in order to probe the local current density on the standard studied cells (Fig. 1a) [6]. It has been found that the model is able to reproduce accurately the global and local polarizations curves in SOFC and SOEC modes (Fig. 1a and 1b). The stationary model has been also extended to compute electrochemical impedance spectra by keeping the full description of the reaction mechanisms in elementary steps. This dynamic model, which is able to compute the impedance diagrams at Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) and under polarization, has been compared to the experimental data. As shown in Fig. 1c and 1d, a reasonable agreement has been found between the measurements and the simulations without any fitting. The validated stationary and dynamic model has been used to analyze the cell operation in electrolysis and fuel cell modes. The activated reaction pathways associated with the elementary steps in the active layers have been investigated depending on the position along the cell length. The different contributions arising in the impedance spectra have been also identified and discussed. References [1]","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling Spatial Charge Density Distributions at Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces","authors":"Lalith Krishna Samanth Bonagiri, Kaustubh S. Panse, Shan Zhou, Haiyi Wu, Narayana R. Aluru, Yingjie Zhang","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01442384mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01442384mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Charge distributions at electrode-electrolyte interfaces play a crucial role in many electrochemical processes, some of which are electrocatalysis, supercapacitors, batteries etc., However, most experimental techniques, either microscopy or spectroscopy tools that are used to probe these systems, cannot provide any information about the interfacial spatial charge distribution. Techniques based on kelvin-probe force microscopy (KPFM) can provide some information, however they have a very limited depth of resolution and can only work with extremely dilute electrolytes. Recently, we developed a technique known as charge profiling three-dimensional (3D) atomic force microscopy (CP-3D-AFM) which could map out the charge densities at angstrom-depth resolution. The method is based on measuring 3D-AFM maps at different electrode potentials and further using electrostatic calculations to obtain the charge density depth profiles at the respective potentials. We used this method to measure charge distributions in highly ionic electrolyte systems and can explain their differential capacitance profiles. This CP-3D-AFM technique could enable to obtain molecular structural insights for a wide range of electrolyte systems and serve in designing principles for engineering effective electrode-electrolyte interfaces.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation and Multi-Time-Scale State Estimation of Li-Ion Batteries in Satellites","authors":"Linda Bolay, Eiji Hosono, Yoshitsugu Sone, Arnulf Latz, Birger Horstmann","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01452465mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01452465mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"In-orbit satellite REIMEI, developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), has been relying on off-the-shelf Li-ion batteries since its launch in 2005 [1]. The performance and durability of Li-ion batteries is impacted by various degradation mechanisms, one of which is the growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Long-term SEI growth is the greatest contributor to capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries. In this contribution, we will address several aspects of the modeling and simulation of the batteries of satellite REIMEI. We simulate long-term degradation under the generic LEO satellite cycling conditions in a P2D framework. The simulations are validated with experiments and in-flight data provided by JAXA [1]. Our group has developed models for long-term SEI growth [2,3]. To show the inhomogeneous growth of the SEI in 3D, we perform microstructure-resolved simulations [4]. These studies are the foundation for analyzing the states of the batteries, which cannot be measured in operando. To estimate the state of charge and state of health, we make use of filter techniques and the in-flight data of the satellite batteries. Kalman filters are particularly suitable for the noisy data. Since the states change on different timescales, a multi-time-scale algorithm is applied, where two filters are combined. With this approach, we aim to reliably predict the lifetime of satellite batteries in orbit. References [1] M. Uno, et al. , J. Power Sources , 196(20) (2011) 8755–8763. [2] F. Single, et al. , ChemSusChem , 11(12) (2018) 1950–1955. [3] L. von Kolzenberg, et al. , ChemSusChem , 13(15) (2020) 3901–3910. [4] L. Bolay, et al. , J. Power Sources Advances , 14 (2022) 100083.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Invited) In Situ Spectroscopy of Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Interfaces","authors":"Stephen B. Cronin","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01462505mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01462505mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"We report various aspects of electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry using in situ spectroscopy of electrode (metal) and photoelectrode (semiconductor) interfaces in situ under electrochemical working conditions. These spectroscopies include sum frequency generation (SFG), transient reflectance/absorption spectroscopy (TAS/TRS), and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, we monitor local electric fields using Stark-shifts of nitrile-functionalized silicon photoelectrodes. 6 Using Graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS)-based Stark-shifts, we measure local electric fields and local charge densities at monolayer graphene electrode surfaces. 1 We also measured the stacking dependence and Resonant interlayer excitation of monolayer WSe 2 /MoSe 2 heterostructures for photocatalytic energy conversion. 2 Using sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, we measure the voltage dependence of the orientation of D 2 O molecules at a graphene electrode surface, which is related back to the “stiffness of the ensemble”. 3 In particular, we measured the “free OD” feature in the spectra, which corresponds to the topmost water molecule that is rotated up out of the bulk water solution and is, therefore, not hydrogen bonded. Using transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), we measure the lifetime of hot electrons photoexcited in plasmon resonant nanostructures. 5 Using transient reflectance spectroscopy (TRS), we measure the photoexcited carrier dynamics in a GaP/TiO 2 photoelectrode, as well as the electrostatic field dynamics at this semiconductor-liquid interfaces in situ under various electrochemical potentials. 4 Here, the electrostatic fields at the surface of the semiconductor are measured via Franz−Keldysh oscillations (FKO). These spectra reveal that the nanoscale TiO 2 protection layer enhances the built-in field and charge separation performance of GaP photoelectrodes. Shi, H.T., B.F. Zhao, J. Ma, M.J. Bronson, Z. Cai, J.H. Chen, Y. Wang, M. Cronin, L. Jensen and S.B. Cronin, Measuring Local Electric Fields and Local Charge Densities at Electrode Surfaces Using Graphene-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (GERS)-Based Stark-Shifts. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11 , 36252-36258 (2019). Chen, J., C.S. Bailey, D. Cui, Y. Wang, B. Wang, H. Shi, Z. Cai, E. Pop, C. Zhou and S.B. Cronin, Stacking Independence and Resonant Interlayer Excitation of Monolayer WSe2/MoSe2 Heterostructures for Photocatalytic Energy Conversion. ACS Applied Nano Materials, DOI:10.1021/acsanm.9b01898 (2020). Montenegro, A., C. Dutta, M. Mammetkuliev, H.T. Shi, B.Y. Hou, D. Bhattacharyya, B.F. Zhao, S.B. Cronin and A.V. Benderskii, Asymmetric response of interfacial water to applied electric fields. Nature, 594 , 62 (2021). Xu, Z.H., B.Y. Hou, F.Y. Zhao, Z. Cai, H.T. Shi, Y.W. Liu, C.L. Hill, D.G. Musaev, M. Mecklenburg, S.B. Cronin and T.Q. Lian, Nanoscale TiO 2 Protection Layer Enhances the Built-In Field and C","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}