There is increased recognition of auditory processing disorder (APD) as a significant disorder, predominantly of childhood, which typically has broad effects on the development of communication and educational and social skills. Accordingly, reconsideration of screening children for APD is warranted, either in whole populations or high risk groups. This study investigated the sensitivity and specificity of four instruments, audiological and non audiological, against diagnostic outcome in a clinical sample of 23 children, aged 7-10 years, referred for assessment of their auditory processing abilities. One instrument, the Competing Sentences Test, which is a subtest of the SCAN-A, met the study's statistical and practicality criteria for a potential screening test. A cut off score for the left ear of four out of 10 gave a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 61%. Further research is needed to test the Competing Sentences Test, and other instruments, on larger samples of children for their potential as screening tests for APD.
{"title":"Evaluation of Screening Instruments for Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) in a Sample of Referred Children","authors":"L. Sanchez, Emilie Lam","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.29.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.29.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"There is increased recognition of auditory processing disorder (APD) as a significant disorder, predominantly of childhood, which typically has broad effects on the development of communication and educational and social skills. Accordingly, reconsideration of screening children for APD is warranted, either in whole populations or high risk groups. This study investigated the sensitivity and specificity of four instruments, audiological and non audiological, against diagnostic outcome in a clinical sample of 23 children, aged 7-10 years, referred for assessment of their auditory processing abilities. One instrument, the Competing Sentences Test, which is a subtest of the SCAN-A, met the study's statistical and practicality criteria for a potential screening test. A cut off score for the left ear of four out of 10 gave a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 61%. Further research is needed to test the Competing Sentences Test, and other instruments, on larger samples of children for their potential as screening tests for APD.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121532761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuala Beahan, Emma Reichman, J. Kei, C. Driscoll, June Young, R. Suppiah, Mary-Lou Grohn, R. Sockalingam, B. Charles
The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in children with ototoxic hearing loss during chemotherapy. The participants included a control group of 15 normal hearing children (3-12 years) and an experimental group of 7 paediatric oncology patients (1-13 years). Participants were tested using pure tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, and DPOAEs (primaries 65/55 dB SPL). The results revealed no perfect match between PTA and DPOAE results with respect to frequency and pattern of decrease/increase of DPOAE amplitudes. Further analysis of DPOAEs in the experimental group revealed three main patterns of change: (1) Concurrent decreases in DPOAEs that matched pure tone threshold (PTT) changes at approximately the same frequencies; (2) DPOAE changes prior to PTT change, suggesting possible predictive power in DPOAE testing and (3) DPOAE and PTT changes not related in terms of test frequency and direction of change, noted in a patient with a high cumulative carboplatin dose.
本研究的目的是检查耳毒性听力损失儿童化疗期间畸变产物耳声发射(dpoae)的变化模式。对照组15例正常听力儿童(3 ~ 12岁)，实验组7例儿科肿瘤患者(1 ~ 13岁)。参与者使用纯音测听法(PTA)、鼓室测听法和dpoae(初级65/55 dB SPL)进行测试。结果表明，PTA与DPOAE结果在频率和DPOAE振幅减小/增加的模式上没有完全匹配。进一步分析实验组的dpoae，发现了三种主要的变化模式:(1)dpoae同时下降，与纯音阈值(PTT)的变化大致相同;(2) DPOAE变化先于PTT变化，提示DPOAE检测可能具有预测能力;(3)在卡铂累积剂量高的患者中，DPOAE与PTT变化在检测频率和变化方向上不相关。
{"title":"DPOAE Changes in Young Children with Confirmed Hearing Loss Due to Ototoxicity","authors":"Nuala Beahan, Emma Reichman, J. Kei, C. Driscoll, June Young, R. Suppiah, Mary-Lou Grohn, R. Sockalingam, B. Charles","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in children with ototoxic hearing loss during chemotherapy. The participants included a control group of 15 normal hearing children (3-12 years) and an experimental group of 7 paediatric oncology patients (1-13 years). Participants were tested using pure tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, and DPOAEs (primaries 65/55 dB SPL). The results revealed no perfect match between PTA and DPOAE results with respect to frequency and pattern of decrease/increase of DPOAE amplitudes. Further analysis of DPOAEs in the experimental group revealed three main patterns of change: (1) Concurrent decreases in DPOAEs that matched pure tone threshold (PTT) changes at approximately the same frequencies; (2) DPOAE changes prior to PTT change, suggesting possible predictive power in DPOAE testing and (3) DPOAE and PTT changes not related in terms of test frequency and direction of change, noted in a patient with a high cumulative carboplatin dose.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129534206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brigitte-Jane Ryan, April Jhonson, A. Strange, A. Yonovitz
Otitis media and associated hearing loss is endemic in Northern Territory Indigenous Australian children. While this ear disease is often preventable, it continues at prevalence rates estimated as high as 80%. In many cases, the use of a hearing aid is the best-practice intervention and often allows the wearer to hear family, friends and teachers. Yet, the use of hearing aids among Indigenous Australians is extremely low. This is the first study to investigate the 'Hearing Aid Effect' (HAE), which is the stigma associated with wearing a hearing aid, in an Indigenous Australian population. Participants in this study included 5 to 12-year-old Indigenous Australian children. Children viewed pictures of Indigenous children, of similar age, with and without visible hearing aids, and then rated their perceptions on an attitude scale. Participants were also involved in a learning-based intervention on the importance of wearing hearing aids. The results indicated a strong HAE. Indigenous Australian children had a more negative attitude towards peers who wore hearing aids in comparison to peers who did not wear hearing aids. Additionally, females tended to rate males more negatively than females on most questions. Males rated females more negatively on questions regarding friendship, sport and whether they can attend the same school. The intervention had a significant effect on the children's attitude toward hearing aids. The study results indicate that children of this early age have constructed characteristic stigmatisations concerning their peer's use of hearing aids.
{"title":"The 'Hearing Aid Effect' in Northern Territory Indigenous Australian Children as Perceived by Their Peers","authors":"Brigitte-Jane Ryan, April Jhonson, A. Strange, A. Yonovitz","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Otitis media and associated hearing loss is endemic in Northern Territory Indigenous Australian children. While this ear disease is often preventable, it continues at prevalence rates estimated as high as 80%. In many cases, the use of a hearing aid is the best-practice intervention and often allows the wearer to hear family, friends and teachers. Yet, the use of hearing aids among Indigenous Australians is extremely low. This is the first study to investigate the 'Hearing Aid Effect' (HAE), which is the stigma associated with wearing a hearing aid, in an Indigenous Australian population. Participants in this study included 5 to 12-year-old Indigenous Australian children. Children viewed pictures of Indigenous children, of similar age, with and without visible hearing aids, and then rated their perceptions on an attitude scale. Participants were also involved in a learning-based intervention on the importance of wearing hearing aids. The results indicated a strong HAE. Indigenous Australian children had a more negative attitude towards peers who wore hearing aids in comparison to peers who did not wear hearing aids. Additionally, females tended to rate males more negatively than females on most questions. Males rated females more negatively on questions regarding friendship, sport and whether they can attend the same school. The intervention had a significant effect on the children's attitude toward hearing aids. The study results indicate that children of this early age have constructed characteristic stigmatisations concerning their peer's use of hearing aids.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123531902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to (1) examine the impact of newborn hearing screening on age of hearing aid fitting, and (2) estimate the prevalence of permanent childhood hearing impairment and its profile across age and degree of impairment in Australia. The data were drawn from the Australian Hearing national database on all aided children under 21 years of age as at December 2006. The results indicated that children who were screened and diagnosed soon after birth were fitted by a median age of 3.4 months in New South Wales. The prevalence of moderate and more severe hearing loss (threefrequency average in the better ear of ≥ 40 dB HL) rises from 1.04/1000 live births at 3 years of age to 1.57/1000 live births for children between 9 and 16 years of age. The prevalence of mild degrees of hearing loss (threefrequency average in the better ear < 40 dB HL) rises from 0.28/1000 live births at 3 years of age to 1.68/1000 live births at 9 years of age and older. The findings show that early detection leads to early amplification. The change in prevalence with age implies that newborn hearing screening needs to be supplemented by hearing screening at later ages of early childhood so that timely amplification can be provided.
本文旨在(1)研究新生儿听力筛查对助听器配戴年龄的影响，以及(2)估计澳大利亚永久性儿童听力障碍的患病率及其在年龄和损害程度上的概况。这些数据来自澳大利亚听力国家数据库，涉及截至2006年12月的所有21岁以下受助儿童。结果表明，在新南威尔士州，出生后不久接受筛查和诊断的儿童的平均年龄为3.4个月。中度和较重度听力损失的患病率(≥40 dB HL的较好耳的三频平均值)从3岁时的1.04/1000活产上升到9至16岁儿童的1.57/1000活产。轻度听力损失(较好耳三频平均值< 40 dB HL)的患病率从3岁时的0.28/1000活产上升到9岁及以上时的1.68/1000活产。研究结果表明，早期发现导致早期放大。患病率随年龄的变化表明，新生儿听力筛查需要在幼儿后期进行听力筛查的补充，以便及时提供放大。
{"title":"The Ages of Intervention in Regions with and without Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Prevalence of Childhood Hearing Impairment in Australia","authors":"T. Ching, Ron Oong, E. V. Wanrooy","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.2.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.2.137","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to (1) examine the impact of newborn hearing screening on age of hearing aid fitting, and (2) estimate the prevalence of permanent childhood hearing impairment and its profile across age and degree of impairment in Australia. The data were drawn from the Australian Hearing national database on all aided children under 21 years of age as at December 2006. The results indicated that children who were screened and diagnosed soon after birth were fitted by a median age of 3.4 months in New South Wales. The prevalence of moderate and more severe hearing loss (threefrequency average in the better ear of ≥ 40 dB HL) rises from 1.04/1000 live births at 3 years of age to 1.57/1000 live births for children between 9 and 16 years of age. The prevalence of mild degrees of hearing loss (threefrequency average in the better ear < 40 dB HL) rises from 0.28/1000 live births at 3 years of age to 1.68/1000 live births at 9 years of age and older. The findings show that early detection leads to early amplification. The change in prevalence with age implies that newborn hearing screening needs to be supplemented by hearing screening at later ages of early childhood so that timely amplification can be provided.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128795071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryanne Golding, S. Purdy, Mridula Sharma, H. Dillon
Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP) were recorded from ten normal-hearing infants, aged 3 to 7 months, using the natural speech segments /m/ and /t/. The aim was to investigate the effect of selected stimulus durations and inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) on infant responses. In the first experiment, various stimulus durations were used but the ISI was fixed. Results showed no significant difference in the latency of the first positive peak (P1) with changes in stimulus duration, but there was a minor increase in amplitude when duration increased from short to medium length. In the second experiment, medium length stimuli were presented with various ISIs. Results showed that as the ISI increased, P1 latency was constant but its amplitude increased non-linearly for /t/ only. It appears therefore, that for the selected speech stimuli there was no clear advantage in using stimulus durations beyond 35 ms and ISIs beyond 1125 ms in infant assessments.
{"title":"The Effect of Stimulus Duration and Inter-stimulus Interval on Cortical Responses in Infants","authors":"Maryanne Golding, S. Purdy, Mridula Sharma, H. Dillon","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.2.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.2.122","url":null,"abstract":"Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP) were recorded from ten normal-hearing infants, aged 3 to 7 months, using the natural speech segments /m/ and /t/. The aim was to investigate the effect of selected stimulus durations and inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) on infant responses. In the first experiment, various stimulus durations were used but the ISI was fixed. Results showed no significant difference in the latency of the first positive peak (P1) with changes in stimulus duration, but there was a minor increase in amplitude when duration increased from short to medium length. In the second experiment, medium length stimuli were presented with various ISIs. Results showed that as the ISI increased, P1 latency was constant but its amplitude increased non-linearly for /t/ only. It appears therefore, that for the selected speech stimuli there was no clear advantage in using stimulus durations beyond 35 ms and ISIs beyond 1125 ms in infant assessments.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127771558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren A. Harvey, W. Wilson, R. Darnell, A. Bradley, F. C. Baker
This study examined the effects of sleep on the slow and fast components of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in a human subject. ABR waveforms, electroencephalogram and rectal temperature were recorded from 1 adult male during overnight sleep, and the slow and fast components of the ABR were extracted using a six-level over-complete discrete wavelet transform (OCDWT). Initial results suggested ABR wave V, and its corresponding slow and fast components, increased in latency during sleep stages 2 and 4 relative to the awake state, but autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series analyses showed these increases were best explained by decreases in body temperature. These results support suggestions that decreases in body temperature during sleep result in an increase in both synaptic transmission and axonal conduction times in the 8th cranial nerve and auditory brainstem, and that these changes are reversible.
{"title":"The Effect of Sleep on the Fast and Slow Components of the Auditory Brainstem Response: A Case Study","authors":"Lauren A. Harvey, W. Wilson, R. Darnell, A. Bradley, F. C. Baker","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.2.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.2.106","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of sleep on the slow and fast components of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in a human subject. ABR waveforms, electroencephalogram and rectal temperature were recorded from 1 adult male during overnight sleep, and the slow and fast components of the ABR were extracted using a six-level over-complete discrete wavelet transform (OCDWT). Initial results suggested ABR wave V, and its corresponding slow and fast components, increased in latency during sleep stages 2 and 4 relative to the awake state, but autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series analyses showed these increases were best explained by decreases in body temperature. These results support suggestions that decreases in body temperature during sleep result in an increase in both synaptic transmission and axonal conduction times in the 8th cranial nerve and auditory brainstem, and that these changes are reversible.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122684613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venkatesh Aithal, A. Yonovitz, Sreedevi Aithal, N. Dold
The masking level difference (MLD) was investigated in 62 normal-hearing children, aged 7 to 13 years, who had no history of ear disease. The MLD is a psychoacoustic measure of binaural interaction and central auditory processing related to extracting signals from noise backgrounds. The MLD is a more efficient and less culturally biased predictive measure in the assessment of binaural interaction and auditory processing disorders compared to many linguistic or electrophysiologic techniques. In the first MLD condition, the masking noise was an interaurally in-phase (No) 160 Hz wide noise band centred on 500 Hz. The 500 Hz pure tone signal was generated digitally (rise-fall time, 100 msec, duration 2 sec), and presented either interaurally in-phase (So) or 180 degrees out-of-phase (S). In the second MLD condition, the 500 Hz pure tone signal was interaurally inphase (So) and the noise was either interaurally in-phase (No) or 180 degrees out-of-phase (N). The data were obtained using a simplified up-down adaptive procedure. Signals were presented using a GSI 16 audiometer with input from a digital audio system. The mean MLD was 11.21 dB (SD = 1.67) when the signal phase was changed and was 7.83 dB (SD = 1.75) when the noise phase was changed. Comparison is made between other studies that have measured the MLD. However, this would be the first such normative data obtained from Australian children and allows a comparative basis to other children, especially those with suspected binaural dysfunction.
对62例7 ~ 13岁无耳部疾病史的正常听力儿童进行了掩蔽水平差(MLD)调查。MLD是双耳相互作用和中央听觉处理的心理声学测量，涉及从噪声背景中提取信号。与许多语言或电生理技术相比，MLD在评估双耳相互作用和听觉处理障碍方面是一种更有效、更少文化偏见的预测措施。在第一种MLD条件下，掩蔽噪声是一个以500 Hz为中心的内部同相位(No) 160 Hz宽噪声带。500 Hz的纯音信号是数字生成的(上升-下降时间，100毫秒，持续时间2秒)，并呈现出内部同相(So)或180度反相(S)。在第二种MLD条件下，500 Hz纯音信号为声间同相(So)，噪声为声间同相(No)或180度异相(N)。采用简化的上下自适应程序获得数据。信号呈现使用GSI 16听力计与数字音频系统的输入。信号相位改变时的平均MLD为11.21 dB (SD = 1.67)，噪声相位改变时的平均MLD为7.83 dB (SD = 1.75)。与其他测量了MLD的研究进行了比较。然而，这将是第一次从澳大利亚儿童中获得这样的规范性数据，并为其他儿童提供了比较基础，特别是那些疑似双耳功能障碍的儿童。
{"title":"Tonal Masking Level Difference in Children","authors":"Venkatesh Aithal, A. Yonovitz, Sreedevi Aithal, N. Dold","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The masking level difference (MLD) was investigated in 62 normal-hearing children, aged 7 to 13 years, who had no history of ear disease. The MLD is a psychoacoustic measure of binaural interaction and central auditory processing related to extracting signals from noise backgrounds. The MLD is a more efficient and less culturally biased predictive measure in the assessment of binaural interaction and auditory processing disorders compared to many linguistic or electrophysiologic techniques. In the first MLD condition, the masking noise was an interaurally in-phase (No) 160 Hz wide noise band centred on 500 Hz. The 500 Hz pure tone signal was generated digitally (rise-fall time, 100 msec, duration 2 sec), and presented either interaurally in-phase (So) or 180 degrees out-of-phase (S). In the second MLD condition, the 500 Hz pure tone signal was interaurally inphase (So) and the noise was either interaurally in-phase (No) or 180 degrees out-of-phase (N). The data were obtained using a simplified up-down adaptive procedure. Signals were presented using a GSI 16 audiometer with input from a digital audio system. The mean MLD was 11.21 dB (SD = 1.67) when the signal phase was changed and was 7.83 dB (SD = 1.75) when the noise phase was changed. Comparison is made between other studies that have measured the MLD. However, this would be the first such normative data obtained from Australian children and allows a comparative basis to other children, especially those with suspected binaural dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127746844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yonovitz, Sreedevi Aithal, Venkatesh Aithal, N. Dold
The use of bone conducted signals for children with chronic otitis media may be considered when earphones or hearing aid receivers are contraindicated because of discharging or painful ears. The use of FM hearing aids in the classroom coupled to a bone conduction (BC) transducer has beneficial application even when considering improved binaural function. This study investigated speech discrimination in diotic and dichotic noise. Confusion matrices were obtained for consonant-vowel (CV) exemplars presented to normal hearing subjects through BC in both correlated and uncorrelated noise. Thirty-six university-aged listeners served as subjects. The CV exemplars were presented randomly, 20 times each, for a total presentation of 420 stimuli for each subject. The stimuli were presented to the subject at a signal level of 55 dB HL through a B-70A BC transducer worn at the forehead position. Each subject was requested to write down the consonants as they heard them. Three conditions were utilised. In condition 1, CV exemplars were presented through air conduction (earphones) in order to assess the quality of the testing apparatus, including the CV exemplars, and to provide a reference for comparison to BC. In condition 2, these exemplars were presented through the BC transducer. Condition 3 involved two separate listening tasks in which CV exemplars were presented through the BC transducer and band-limited white noise was presented binaurally, correlated and uncorrelated, through earphones. The results indicated that speech discrimination with BC was excellent and equal to air-conduction consonant identification. The confusion matrices showed higher speech discrimination scores in the uncorrelated noise condition, revealing a binaural advantage for BC hearing. Distinctive feature identification was also greater for the uncorrelated noise condition.
当耳机或助听器接收器因耳鸣或耳痛而禁用时，可考虑对患有慢性中耳炎的儿童使用骨传导信号。即使考虑到双耳功能的改善，在教室中使用FM助听器与骨传导(BC)换能器也有有益的应用。本研究探讨了二分音和二分音噪声下的语音识别。在相关噪声和不相关噪声下，通过BC对正常听力受试者的辅音-元音(CV)样本进行混淆矩阵分析。36名大学年龄的听众作为研究对象。CV样本随机呈现，每个样本20次，每个受试者共呈现420个刺激。刺激通过佩戴在前额位置的B-70A BC传感器以55 dB HL的信号电平呈现给受试者。每位受试者被要求写下他们听到的辅音。使用了三种条件。在条件1中，通过空气传导(耳机)呈现CV样例，以评估测试设备的质量，包括CV样例，并为与BC的比较提供参考。在条件2中，这些样例通过BC换能器呈现。条件3包括两个独立的听力任务，其中CV样本通过BC换能器呈现，带限白噪声通过耳机双耳呈现，相关和不相关。结果表明，BC语音识别效果良好，与空气传导辅音识别效果相当。在不相关噪声条件下，混淆矩阵显示出更高的言语辨别分数，揭示了BC听力的双耳优势。在不相关噪声条件下，显著特征识别也更强。
{"title":"Binaural Speech Discrimination in Noise with Bone Conduction: Applications for Hearing Loss in High-risk Populations","authors":"A. Yonovitz, Sreedevi Aithal, Venkatesh Aithal, N. Dold","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bone conducted signals for children with chronic otitis media may be considered when earphones or hearing aid receivers are contraindicated because of discharging or painful ears. The use of FM hearing aids in the classroom coupled to a bone conduction (BC) transducer has beneficial application even when considering improved binaural function. This study investigated speech discrimination in diotic and dichotic noise. Confusion matrices were obtained for consonant-vowel (CV) exemplars presented to normal hearing subjects through BC in both correlated and uncorrelated noise. Thirty-six university-aged listeners served as subjects. The CV exemplars were presented randomly, 20 times each, for a total presentation of 420 stimuli for each subject. The stimuli were presented to the subject at a signal level of 55 dB HL through a B-70A BC transducer worn at the forehead position. Each subject was requested to write down the consonants as they heard them. Three conditions were utilised. In condition 1, CV exemplars were presented through air conduction (earphones) in order to assess the quality of the testing apparatus, including the CV exemplars, and to provide a reference for comparison to BC. In condition 2, these exemplars were presented through the BC transducer. Condition 3 involved two separate listening tasks in which CV exemplars were presented through the BC transducer and band-limited white noise was presented binaurally, correlated and uncorrelated, through earphones. The results indicated that speech discrimination with BC was excellent and equal to air-conduction consonant identification. The confusion matrices showed higher speech discrimination scores in the uncorrelated noise condition, revealing a binaural advantage for BC hearing. Distinctive feature identification was also greater for the uncorrelated noise condition.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114185288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The masking level difference (MLD) is a psychoacoustic measure of binaural interaction and central auditory processing related to extracting signals from noise backgrounds. It represents the improvement in threshold sensitivity under antiphasic listening conditions relative to homophasic conditions. A low frequency pure tone (500 Hz) was presented in-phase (So) binaurally to the subject in the presence of a phasic masker (No). The behavioural threshold obtained at this condition was used as a reference. The behavioural threshold was again determined with the pure tone stimulus presented antiphasically (S), and the difference in thresholds was calculated to determine the MLD. The MLD was measured for a 500 Hz pure tone in 36 Aboriginal children (16 males and 20 females) from an Aboriginal community school (Nguiu, Tiwi Islands) where conductive hearing loss, due to otitis media, is endemic. The control group consisted of 62 normal-hearing children (40 males and 22 females) from a private school in Darwin. Aboriginal children showed a mean MLD of 7.76 dB whereas the control group exhibited a mean MLD of 11.21 dB. Aboriginal children showed a consistently lower MLD than non-Aboriginal normal-hearing children. Auditory processing disorders (APDs) have been shown to be related to early auditory deprivation, a common feature of chronic conductive hearing loss observed frequently in Aboriginal children. Thus, the MLD provides a metric for assessing binaural hearing abilities which may be relevant to the assessment of APD and hearing aid fitting. The MLD is a less linguistically, less culturally biased predictive measure and may be more easily administered than many speech and language test procedures used in diagnosing APD.
{"title":"Tonal Masking Level Differences in Aboriginal Children: Implications for Binaural Interaction, Auditory Processing Disorders and Education","authors":"Venkatesh Aithal, A. Yonovitz, Sreedevi Aithal","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"The masking level difference (MLD) is a psychoacoustic measure of binaural interaction and central auditory processing related to extracting signals from noise backgrounds. It represents the improvement in threshold sensitivity under antiphasic listening conditions relative to homophasic conditions. A low frequency pure tone (500 Hz) was presented in-phase (So) binaurally to the subject in the presence of a phasic masker (No). The behavioural threshold obtained at this condition was used as a reference. The behavioural threshold was again determined with the pure tone stimulus presented antiphasically (S), and the difference in thresholds was calculated to determine the MLD. The MLD was measured for a 500 Hz pure tone in 36 Aboriginal children (16 males and 20 females) from an Aboriginal community school (Nguiu, Tiwi Islands) where conductive hearing loss, due to otitis media, is endemic. The control group consisted of 62 normal-hearing children (40 males and 22 females) from a private school in Darwin. Aboriginal children showed a mean MLD of 7.76 dB whereas the control group exhibited a mean MLD of 11.21 dB. Aboriginal children showed a consistently lower MLD than non-Aboriginal normal-hearing children. Auditory processing disorders (APDs) have been shown to be related to early auditory deprivation, a common feature of chronic conductive hearing loss observed frequently in Aboriginal children. Thus, the MLD provides a metric for assessing binaural hearing abilities which may be relevant to the assessment of APD and hearing aid fitting. The MLD is a less linguistically, less culturally biased predictive measure and may be more easily administered than many speech and language test procedures used in diagnosing APD.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114828695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports on the findings of the second phase of a larger project to develop a computer-aided program for the hearing assessment of young children. The aim was to investigate whether a diversity of stimuli at each test frequency assists in maintaining the interest of the child for a longer duration than a constantly repeated stimulus when using Behavioural Observation Audiometry (BOA) and Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA). A set of 10 stimuli was selected, 5 centred at 1000 Hz and 5 centred at 4000 Hz. They were: 1000 Hz warble tone, speech /ala/, noisemaker (synthetic melody), environmental (dog barking, music box), 4000 Hz warble tone, speech/isi/, noisemakers (nonreed squeaker, manchester rattle), and an environmental sound (telephone ringing). Forty babies and toddlers between the ages of 4 months and 20 months participated in the study. The findings indicated there was no significant effect of variable stimuli for the younger children assessed using BOA. For older children assessed using VRA, there was a significant beneficial effect of the variable stimuli at 1000 Hz, but not for those at 4000 Hz.
{"title":"Does a Diversity of Nontonal Stimuli at Each Test Frequency Assist in the Hearing Assessment of Young Children","authors":"R. Massie, H. Dillon, T. Ching, G. Birtles","doi":"10.1375/AUDI.28.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/AUDI.28.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports on the findings of the second phase of a larger project to develop a computer-aided program for the hearing assessment of young children. The aim was to investigate whether a diversity of stimuli at each test frequency assists in maintaining the interest of the child for a longer duration than a constantly repeated stimulus when using Behavioural Observation Audiometry (BOA) and Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA). A set of 10 stimuli was selected, 5 centred at 1000 Hz and 5 centred at 4000 Hz. They were: 1000 Hz warble tone, speech /ala/, noisemaker (synthetic melody), environmental (dog barking, music box), 4000 Hz warble tone, speech/isi/, noisemakers (nonreed squeaker, manchester rattle), and an environmental sound (telephone ringing). Forty babies and toddlers between the ages of 4 months and 20 months participated in the study. The findings indicated there was no significant effect of variable stimuli for the younger children assessed using BOA. For older children assessed using VRA, there was a significant beneficial effect of the variable stimuli at 1000 Hz, but not for those at 4000 Hz.","PeriodicalId":114768,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129953225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：