Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v5i1.2498
Angie Nicole Briones Ponce, Jean Carlos Zambrano Macías, Jonathan Andrés Muñoz Macías, Wilter Enrique Ruíz Párraga, Ramona Albertina Panchana de Calderero
El uso de materiales provenientes de residuos de acero en los talleres de tornerías es de gran importancia en materia ambiental y económica, porque reduce la cantidad de sobrantes, favoreciendo y priorizando el cuidado del medio ambiente y la disminución de materia prima en construcciones civiles. Con el propósito de dar un uso adicional a las virutas de acero obtenidas en las tornerías en la ciudad de Portoviejo se ha desarrollado la investigación para sustituir parcialmente el agregado fino en el hormigón por este material, con la finalidad de obtener alternativas de integración en el proceso constructivo y a su vez en el desarrollo sostenible de la ciudad.La presente investigación está fundamentada en el análisis de la prestación mecánica del hormigón a través de los ensayos de resistencia a la compresión como lo indica la (NTE INEN 1573, 2010), y el de resistividad superficial (AASHTO TP 95-11, 2011), utilizando virutas de acero como agregado fino en sustituciones porcentuales del 5%, 10% y 15%. Se evaluaron las propiedades físicas de los agregados, continuando con la elaboración del diseño de mezclas del hormigón de control y probetas de hormigón con sustitución parcial de virutas de acero, a cada probeta se le realizó el ensayo de resistividad superficial y el ensayo de la resistencia a la compresión en un periodo determinado de 28 días de curado húmedo. Se efectúo la comparación entre el hormigón de control y el hormigón de la investigación. Los resultados revelaron buen comportamiento mecánico del hormigón que contiene proporciones del 5%, 10% y 15% de virutas de acero como agregado fino, sus resistencias superaron la nominal (240 kg/cm2) por lo que es considerable realizar investigaciones futuras con porcentajes superiores. Palabras clave — hormigón, virutas de acero, resistencia a la compresión, resistividad superficial. Abstract ─ The use of materials from steel waste in turner’s workshops have a great importance in environmental and economic matters, because it reduces the amount of leftovers, favoring and prioritizing the care of the environment and the reducing of raw material in civil constructions. With the purpose of giving additional use to the steel shavings generated in the turner workshop, the city of Portoviejo has developing a research towards to partially replace the fine aggregate in the concrete with this material, in order to obtain integration alternatives in the constructive process and at the same time create sustainable development of the city. This research is based on the analysis of the mechanical performance of concrete through resistance compression tests as indicated by (NTE INEN 1573, 2010), and resistivity surface (AASHTO TP 95-11, 2011), using steel shavings as a fine aggregate in percentage substitutions of 5%, 10% and 15%. The physical properties of the aggregates were evaluated, continuing with the elaboration of the design of mixtures of the control concrete and concrete specimens wi
在车削车间使用来自钢铁废料的材料在环境和经济方面是非常重要的，因为它减少了多余的数量，有利于和优先保护环境，减少了民用建筑的原材料。为了给一个额外使用的刨花钢采集的tornerías在城里Portoviejo已开发代替部分的细骨料混凝土研究这种材料,以获取其他建设性进程一体化和反过来在城市可持续发展。本研究是在分析提供混凝土机械通过抗压强度试验正如所指出的那样(NTE INEN 1573, 2010),表面电阻率(AASHTO TP 95-11, 2011),使用百分比细刨花钢供给在更换5%、10%和15%。评估了总量的物理特性,继续起草设计控制混凝土混合物和钢铁水泥试样与替换部分刨花,每个烧杯试验进行了表面电阻率和抗压强度的试验在某一段28天湿治愈。对控制混凝土和研究混凝土进行了比较。结果表明，以5%、10%和15%的钢屑为细骨料的混凝土具有良好的力学性能，其强度超过标称强度(240 kg/cm2)，因此在未来进行更高比例的研究是相当重要的。关键词:混凝土，钢屑，抗压强度，表面电阻率。摘要──特纳车间使用废钢材料在环境和经济方面具有重要意义，因为它减少了余量，有利于并优先考虑对环境的保护和减少民用建筑中原材料的使用。With the目的给予额外use to the steel shavings generated in the turner workshop, the city of Portoviejo has been developing a research towards to partially replace the好物质聚合的混凝土With this in order to obtain integration替代in the建设性process and at the same time create sustainable development of the city。本研究是基于对混凝土通过抗压强度试验(NTE INEN 1573, 2010)和抗压强度表面试验(AASHTO TP 95-11, 2011)的力学性能的分析，使用钢剃毛作为细骨料，替代百分比分别为5%、10%和15%。The physical properties of The总量是evaluated,继续with . The design of mixtures of The控制混凝土和具体标本partial剂of steel shavings,每的test was The surface resistivity test and The resistance test to compression of in a给予period of 28天潮湿cure。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。研究结果表明，混凝土的机械性能良好，其中含有5%、10%和15%的钢剃须作为细骨料，其强度超过标称强度(240公斤/平方厘米)，因此对于今后进行更高比例的研究具有相当大的意义。关键词:混凝土，钢剃须，抗压强度，表面电阻。
{"title":"Análisis de la prestación mecánica del hormigón empleando virutas de acero como agregado fino","authors":"Angie Nicole Briones Ponce, Jean Carlos Zambrano Macías, Jonathan Andrés Muñoz Macías, Wilter Enrique Ruíz Párraga, Ramona Albertina Panchana de Calderero","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v5i1.2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v5i1.2498","url":null,"abstract":"El uso de materiales provenientes de residuos de acero en los talleres de tornerías es de gran importancia en materia ambiental y económica, porque reduce la cantidad de sobrantes, favoreciendo y priorizando el cuidado del medio ambiente y la disminución de materia prima en construcciones civiles. Con el propósito de dar un uso adicional a las virutas de acero obtenidas en las tornerías en la ciudad de Portoviejo se ha desarrollado la investigación para sustituir parcialmente el agregado fino en el hormigón por este material, con la finalidad de obtener alternativas de integración en el proceso constructivo y a su vez en el desarrollo sostenible de la ciudad.La presente investigación está fundamentada en el análisis de la prestación mecánica del hormigón a través de los ensayos de resistencia a la compresión como lo indica la (NTE INEN 1573, 2010), y el de resistividad superficial (AASHTO TP 95-11, 2011), utilizando virutas de acero como agregado fino en sustituciones porcentuales del 5%, 10% y 15%. Se evaluaron las propiedades físicas de los agregados, continuando con la elaboración del diseño de mezclas del hormigón de control y probetas de hormigón con sustitución parcial de virutas de acero, a cada probeta se le realizó el ensayo de resistividad superficial y el ensayo de la resistencia a la compresión en un periodo determinado de 28 días de curado húmedo. Se efectúo la comparación entre el hormigón de control y el hormigón de la investigación. Los resultados revelaron buen comportamiento mecánico del hormigón que contiene proporciones del 5%, 10% y 15% de virutas de acero como agregado fino, sus resistencias superaron la nominal (240 kg/cm2) por lo que es considerable realizar investigaciones futuras con porcentajes superiores. \u0000 \u0000Palabras clave — hormigón, virutas de acero, resistencia a la compresión, resistividad superficial. \u0000 \u0000Abstract ─ The use of materials from steel waste in turner’s workshops have a great importance in environmental and economic matters, because it reduces the amount of leftovers, favoring and prioritizing the care of the environment and the reducing of raw material in civil constructions. With the purpose of giving additional use to the steel shavings generated in the turner workshop, the city of Portoviejo has developing a research towards to partially replace the fine aggregate in the concrete with this material, in order to obtain integration alternatives in the constructive process and at the same time create sustainable development of the city. This research is based on the analysis of the mechanical performance of concrete through resistance compression tests as indicated by (NTE INEN 1573, 2010), and resistivity surface (AASHTO TP 95-11, 2011), using steel shavings as a fine aggregate in percentage substitutions of 5%, 10% and 15%. The physical properties of the aggregates were evaluated, continuing with the elaboration of the design of mixtures of the control concrete and concrete specimens wi","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123698847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El presente artículo muestra un desarrollo metodológico analítico para el cálculo de sobretensiones, aplicable en circunstancias análogas al caso de estudio planteado. Éste permite obtener de una manera simplificada los resultados alcanzados en una simulación realizada a través de una herramienta computacional. El objetivo radica en alcanzar un alto grado de proximidad en los resultados prescindiendo de la herramienta informática necesaria para este efecto cuando la complejidad del caso de estudio así lo permita, y de esta manera comprender la dinámica asociada a los parámetros que pueden tener una influencia decisiva en muchas de las sobretensiones presentes en un sistema eléctrico de potencia, lo que se perfila como una herramienta de gran utilidad para los operadores de la red en cuanto a la comprensión de la interrelación de las variables involucradas en el fenómeno de sobretensiones se refiere. Para evidenciar la efectividad de la metodología planteada se someten los resultados del cálculo analítico a un proceso de contraste con los obtenidos utilizando una herramienta computacional de amplia trayectoria en el estudio de sobretensiones eléctricas (ATPDraw®). Como resultado de dicha comparación se evidenciará un error menor al uno por ciento, lo que en términos prácticos puede considerarse como nulo, con lo cual queda validada el desarrollo metodológico analítico planteado. Palabras clave: Protección Contra Sobretensiones, Computación en Ingeniería Eléctrica, Fallas en líneas eléctricas. Abstract- This study presents the analytical and detailed methodological development for the calculation of surges applicable in circumstances analogous to the case study. This allows to obtain a simplified way of the results obtained in a simulation carried out through a computational tool. The comet is based on achieving a high degree of proximity in the results without the necessary computer tool for this purpose when the complexity of the case study allows it, and thus understand the dynamics associated with the parameters that can have a decisive influence in many of the overvoltages present in an electrical power system, which is emerging as a very useful tool for network operators in terms of understanding the interrelation of the variables involved in the overvoltage phenomenon. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the results of the analytical calculation are sometimes obtained in a process of contrast with the data using a computational tool with extensive experience in the study of electrical surges (ATPDraw®). As a result of this comparison, the null error will be evidenced in practical terms, which validates the said analytical methodological development. Keywords: Surge protection, Power engineering computing, power system faults.
本文提出了一种计算过电压的分析方法的发展，适用于类似的情况下的研究案例。这允许以一种简化的方式获得通过计算工具进行模拟的结果。目标在于实现高度相近的结果所需的信息工具,这种效果当案例研究它的复杂性,并通过这种方式了解相关的动态参数可能产生决定性的影响,许多今世sobretensiones在电气系统,功率对于网络运营商来说，在理解电涌现象中涉及的变量之间的相互关系方面，这是一个非常有用的工具。为了证明所提出的方法的有效性，将分析计算的结果与在电过电压研究中使用广泛轨迹的计算工具(ATPDraw®)获得的结果进行对比。本研究的目的是比较不同的方法和方法，以确定不同的方法和方法之间的差异，并确定不同的方法和方法之间的差异。关键词:电涌保护，电气工程计算，电线故障。摘要-本研究介绍了在与案例研究类似的情况下适用的浪涌计算方法的分析和详细发展。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。The彗星is based on实现a high degree of附近in The结果没有必要computer tool for this when The complexity of The case study的目的allows it, and因此明白The dynamics with The parameters that can have a decisive影响许多of The overvoltages目前in an索赔power system,在了解过电压现象所涉及的变量之间的相互关系方面，它正在成为网络操作人员非常有用的工具。为了证明所提议的方法的有效性，分析计算的结果有时是在与数据进行对比的过程中获得的，使用的是在研究电涌方面具有广泛经验的计算工具(ATPDraw®)。这种比较的结果是，实际用语中出现了无效错误，这证实了上述分析方法的发展。关键词:电涌保护，电力工程计算，电力系统故障。
{"title":"Análisis de sobretensiones en líneas de transmisión de un sistema de dos segmentos. Caso de estudio: onda viajera por línea larga con conexión a cable aislado","authors":"Iván Pazmiño Ordóñez, Edwin Bernardo Ponce Minaya, Hugo Adrián Pico Mera","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v5i1.2502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v5i1.2502","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000El presente artículo muestra un desarrollo metodológico analítico para el cálculo de sobretensiones, aplicable en circunstancias análogas al caso de estudio planteado. Éste permite obtener de una manera simplificada los resultados alcanzados en una simulación realizada a través de una herramienta computacional. El objetivo radica en alcanzar un alto grado de proximidad en los resultados prescindiendo de la herramienta informática necesaria para este efecto cuando la complejidad del caso de estudio así lo permita, y de esta manera comprender la dinámica asociada a los parámetros que pueden tener una influencia decisiva en muchas de las sobretensiones presentes en un sistema eléctrico de potencia, lo que se perfila como una herramienta de gran utilidad para los operadores de la red en cuanto a la comprensión de la interrelación de las variables involucradas en el fenómeno de sobretensiones se refiere. Para evidenciar la efectividad de la metodología planteada se someten los resultados del cálculo analítico a un proceso de contraste con los obtenidos utilizando una herramienta computacional de amplia trayectoria en el estudio de sobretensiones eléctricas (ATPDraw®). Como resultado de dicha comparación se evidenciará un error menor al uno por ciento, lo que en términos prácticos puede considerarse como nulo, con lo cual queda validada el desarrollo metodológico analítico planteado. \u0000 \u0000Palabras clave: Protección Contra Sobretensiones, Computación en Ingeniería Eléctrica, Fallas en líneas eléctricas. \u0000 \u0000Abstract- This study presents the analytical and detailed methodological development for the calculation of surges applicable in circumstances analogous to the case study. This allows to obtain a simplified way of the results obtained in a simulation carried out through a computational tool. The comet is based on achieving a high degree of proximity in the results without the necessary computer tool for this purpose when the complexity of the case study allows it, and thus understand the dynamics associated with the parameters that can have a decisive influence in many of the overvoltages present in an electrical power system, which is emerging as a very useful tool for network operators in terms of understanding the interrelation of the variables involved in the overvoltage phenomenon. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the results of the analytical calculation are sometimes obtained in a process of contrast with the data using a computational tool with extensive experience in the study of electrical surges (ATPDraw®). As a result of this comparison, the null error will be evidenced in practical terms, which validates the said analytical methodological development. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Surge protection, Power engineering computing, power system faults. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133197993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-14DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2491
Cristopher Alexander Mejía Vera, Jaime Ricardo Gilces Delgado, E. Ortiz Hernández, Jimmy Jeffrey García Vínces
The purpose of this investigation is to determine direct correlations by means of laboratory tests for the index of resistance to the cut of the Dynamic Cone of Penetration (DCP), with the resistance to cut California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the soil, where it presents an alternative to establish Design criteria for pavement structures, based on physical and mechanical tests, taking samples by means of soil exploration, they were subsequently processed in the laboratory demonstrating their properties where silts and clays with a high degree of plasticity predominate. Correlations proposed by (Van Vuuren, 1969) were taken, which experimentally mentions an equation suitable for all types of soils and the most accurate according to its reliability, the Dynamic Cone developed by (Scala, 1956), which, experimentally presents the following results in the field: The N°1 poll a 4.7% CBR, the N°2 poll a 3.61% CBR and the N°3 poll a 3.37% CBR, these mentioned parameters were obtained in a corresponding way from the DCP index of 40 mm/stroke, 50 mm/stroke, and 54 mm/stroke, in addition to laboratory tests that a more conservative parameter results were obtained for the poll N°1 a CBR of 3.98% the Poll, N°2 a CBR of 3.40% and the Poll N°3 a CBR of 3.20%. Index Terms— Dynamic Cone of Penetration (DCP), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Poll, Correlations, Test.
{"title":"Análisis comparativo de suelo de campo y laboratorio para la medición de su capacidad portante con ensayos de Valor de Soporte de California (CBR) y Cono Dinámico de Penetración (DCP) en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí.","authors":"Cristopher Alexander Mejía Vera, Jaime Ricardo Gilces Delgado, E. Ortiz Hernández, Jimmy Jeffrey García Vínces","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2491","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000The purpose of this investigation is to determine direct correlations by means of laboratory tests for the index of resistance to the cut of the Dynamic Cone of Penetration (DCP), with the resistance to cut California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the soil, where it presents an alternative to establish Design criteria for pavement structures, based on physical and mechanical tests, taking samples by means of soil exploration, they were subsequently processed in the laboratory demonstrating their properties where silts and clays with a high degree of plasticity predominate. \u0000Correlations proposed by (Van Vuuren, 1969) were taken, which experimentally mentions an equation suitable for all types of soils and the most accurate according to its reliability, the Dynamic Cone developed by (Scala, 1956), which, experimentally presents the following results in the field: The N°1 poll a 4.7% CBR, the N°2 poll a 3.61% CBR and the N°3 poll a 3.37% CBR, these mentioned parameters were obtained in a corresponding way from the DCP index of 40 mm/stroke, 50 mm/stroke, and 54 mm/stroke, in addition to laboratory tests that a more conservative parameter results were obtained for the poll N°1 a CBR of 3.98% the Poll, N°2 a CBR of 3.40% and the Poll N°3 a CBR of 3.20%. \u0000 \u0000Index Terms— Dynamic Cone of Penetration (DCP), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Poll, Correlations, Test.","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128246438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2196
Andrade Cedeño Rogger
In this project, design and construction of an educational module has been carry out, allowing understand in a practical way, the concepts related to: control system, instrumentation, actuator, programmable logic controller, SCADA system and control algorithm. Module’s principal components are main tank, reserve tank, piping system, fittings, differential pressure transducer, turbine flowmeter, rotameter, control valve, solenoid valves, servovalve, centrifugal pump, PLC and a personal computer (PC). With this, automatic flow and water level control were achieve, through the implementation of a PID control algorithm. In the end, operation tests have been perform, generating changes in set point, and generating disturbances, to observe the response of the process and assess the control system. Keywords — control system, instrumentation, flow control, level control, PLC, SCADA, PID controller
{"title":"Módulo didáctico para controlar nivel y caudal de agua, mediante sistema SCADA, PLC y algoritmo PID","authors":"Andrade Cedeño Rogger","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2196","url":null,"abstract":"In this project, design and construction of an educational module has been carry out, allowing understand in a practical way, the concepts related to: control system, instrumentation, actuator, programmable logic controller, SCADA system and control algorithm. Module’s principal components are main tank, reserve tank, piping system, fittings, differential pressure transducer, turbine flowmeter, rotameter, control valve, solenoid valves, servovalve, centrifugal pump, PLC and a personal computer (PC). With this, automatic flow and water level control were achieve, through the implementation of a PID control algorithm. In the end, operation tests have been perform, generating changes in set point, and generating disturbances, to observe the response of the process and assess the control system. Keywords — control system, instrumentation, flow control, level control, PLC, SCADA, PID controller","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128401619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2195
Carlos Banchón, Tamara Borodulina, Linda Diaz, Amano Yasuji
The present work reports the presence of bacteria and fungi in particulate matter suspended in the exterior of three hospitals in Guayaquil, during the month of March 2019, winter time. The isolated microbial diversity was tolerant to a toxic copper concentration of 3.1 mM. From the particulate material, a greater number of bacterial than fungal species was isolated. However, the fungal species found are related to nosocomial diseases. This is a seed study that aims to lay the foundations for the characterization of microbial diversity through bioprospecting studies, based on aerodynamic factors (wind speed), climatic factors (temperature and relative humidity) and physical composition (content of dust in the air) to correlate the viability of formation of bioaerosols in particulate material in Guayaquil hospitals. Therefore, one of the objectives of the present work is the investigation of the influence of the heavy metal copper in the formulations of culture media to evaluate the microbial tolerance. And due to the potential risk of lack of air control in health institutions, the main objective of the present work is to evaluate the growth conditions of microorganisms present in the suspended particulate material surrounding three hospitals in Guayaquil. Index Terms—nosocomial, pathogens, airborne, SEM
{"title":"Aerobiología en hospitales de Guayaquil: microorganismos resistentes a cobre","authors":"Carlos Banchón, Tamara Borodulina, Linda Diaz, Amano Yasuji","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2195","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000The present work reports the presence of bacteria and fungi in particulate matter suspended in the exterior of three hospitals in Guayaquil, during the month of March 2019, winter time. The isolated microbial diversity was tolerant to a toxic copper concentration of 3.1 mM. From the particulate material, a greater number of bacterial than fungal species was isolated. However, the fungal species found are related to nosocomial diseases. This is a seed study that aims to lay the foundations for the characterization of microbial diversity through bioprospecting studies, based on aerodynamic factors (wind speed), climatic factors (temperature and relative humidity) and physical composition (content of dust in the air) to correlate the viability of formation of bioaerosols in particulate material in Guayaquil hospitals. Therefore, one of the objectives of the present work is the investigation of the influence of the heavy metal copper in the formulations of culture media to evaluate the microbial tolerance. And due to the potential risk of lack of air control in health institutions, the main objective of the present work is to evaluate the growth conditions of microorganisms present in the suspended particulate material surrounding three hospitals in Guayaquil. \u0000 \u0000Index Terms—nosocomial, pathogens, airborne, SEM","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129475421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2197
Galo Rene Fernández Díaz
Con el paso de los años la industria en general ha crecido tanto que ya es necesario realizar montajes de equipos de alta envergadura tanto en tamaño, peso, como en importancia. El presente trabajo es fruto de muchos años de trabajo en el área de montajes de equipos pesados, en varias industrias tales como la petroquímica, agua potable, minas, energéticas, entre otras y se pretende abarcar la mayor cantidad posible de información requerida para poder realizar un montaje exitoso. El montaje de equipos pesados es una operación de alto riesgo dadas las condiciones del trabajo, tanto como el peso mismo de los equipos, las fuerzas requeridas, la necesidad de coordinación entre todos los participantes y el correcto funcionamiento de equipos y accesorios. Para realizar los montajes es indispensable que todo el personal se encuentre debidamente equipado, que la comunicación sea fluida y clara, que todas las herramientas necesarias se encuentren en buen estado al igual que los equipos de izaje. En este trabajo se analizará en especial el montaje con las grúas de tipo móvil que pueden ser sobre ruedas, oruga o cadenas, es decir hablamos de las grúas telescópicas (hidráulicas), y las mecánicas (con pluma tipo castillo o celosía). Veremos varias recomendaciones para que el montaje sea óptimo, seguro y dentro de un tiempo recomendable. Se analizarán las diferentes herramientas necesarias para el montaje, se instruirá sobre el terreno tanto como para el descanso de la grúa, como de los equipos antes del montaje, como de la necesidad de que todos los equipos y personal tengan su respectiva certificación de operación y trabajo. Términos del índice— montaje, izaje, grúas, cables, eslingas, grilletes, equipos pesados. Abstract ─ Over the years, the industry in general has grown so much that it is already necessary to make assemblies of large equipment both in size, weight, and in importance. The present work is the result of many years of work in the area of heavy equipment assemblies, in several industries such as petrochemicals, potable water, mines, energy, among others and it is intended to cover as much information as possible to perform a successful assembly. Assembly of heavy equipment is a high-risk operation under the conditions of work, much as the same weight of equipment, the required forces, the need for coordination among all participants and the proper functioning of equipment and accessories. To make the assemblies it is essential that all personnel are properly equipped, that the communication is smooth and clear, that all the necessary tools are in good condition as well as the lifting equipment. In this work we will analyze in particular the assembly with mobile cranes that can be on wheels, crawler or chains, that is, we are talking about telescopic (hydraulic), and mechanical cranes (with castle or lattice-type boom). We will see several recommendations so that the assembly will be optimal, safe and within a recommended time.
多年来，该行业总体上发展得如此之快，以至于在尺寸、重量和重要性方面都有必要进行大型设备的组装。目前的工作是多年来在重型设备组装领域工作的结果，在几个行业，如石化，饮用水，采矿，能源等，它的目的是涵盖尽可能多的信息，使一个成功的组装。重型设备的组装是一项高风险的操作，考虑到工作条件、设备本身的重量、所需的力、所有参与者之间的协调以及设备和附件的正确操作。为了进行组装，所有人员都必须配备适当的设备，沟通要流畅清晰，所有必要的工具和起重设备都处于良好状态。在本文中，我们将特别分析移动式起重机的装配，这些起重机可以是轮式、履带式或链条式，即我们谈论的是伸缩起重机(液压)和机械起重机(吊杆式或桁架式)。我们将看到几个建议，使组装是最佳的，安全的，并在建议的时间内。对组装所需的不同工具进行分析，对起重机的其余部分和组装前的设备进行现场指导，以及对所有设备和人员进行操作和工作认证的必要性。索引术语-装配，提升，起重机，电缆，吊索，卸扣，重型设备。摘要:多年来，整个行业发展得如此之快，以至于在尺寸、重量和重要性上都需要制造大型设备的组装。目前的工作是多年来在重型设备装配领域工作的成果，包括石油化工、饮用水、采矿、能源等几个行业，目的是尽可能多地涵盖信息，以便成功地进行装配。组装重型设备是在工作条件下进行的一项高风险操作，因为设备重量相同，所需要的力量、所有参与者之间的协调需要以及设备和附件的适当功能。在组装过程中，所有人员都必须配备适当的设备，沟通必须顺利和清晰，所有必要的工具和起重设备都必须处于良好状态。在这项工作中，我们将特别分析可安装在车轮、履带或链条上的移动式起重机的装配，也就是说，我们谈论的是伸缩(液压)和机械起重机(带城堡或lattice型吊杆)。我们将看到若干建议，使组装工作是最佳的、安全的，并且在建议的时间内进行。The不同工具汇编必要for The will be analyzed it will be嘱咐on The ground as well as for The installation of The起重机,as well as The equipment汇编之前,普及需要as well as The equipment and人员有其各自operation and work证书。索引术语-装配，提升，起重机，钢丝绳，吊索，卸扣，重型设备。
{"title":"Montaje de equipos pesados en la industria","authors":"Galo Rene Fernández Díaz","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2197","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Con el paso de los años la industria en general ha crecido tanto que ya es necesario realizar montajes de equipos de alta envergadura tanto en tamaño, peso, como en importancia. El presente trabajo es fruto de muchos años de trabajo en el área de montajes de equipos pesados, en varias industrias tales como la petroquímica, agua potable, minas, energéticas, entre otras y se pretende abarcar la mayor cantidad posible de información requerida para poder realizar un montaje exitoso. El montaje de equipos pesados es una operación de alto riesgo dadas las condiciones del trabajo, tanto como el peso mismo de los equipos, las fuerzas requeridas, la necesidad de coordinación entre todos los participantes y el correcto funcionamiento de equipos y accesorios. Para realizar los montajes es indispensable que todo el personal se encuentre debidamente equipado, que la comunicación sea fluida y clara, que todas las herramientas necesarias se encuentren en buen estado al igual que los equipos de izaje. En este trabajo se analizará en especial el montaje con las grúas de tipo móvil que pueden ser sobre ruedas, oruga o cadenas, es decir hablamos de las grúas telescópicas (hidráulicas), y las mecánicas (con pluma tipo castillo o celosía). Veremos varias recomendaciones para que el montaje sea óptimo, seguro y dentro de un tiempo recomendable. Se analizarán las diferentes herramientas necesarias para el montaje, se instruirá sobre el terreno tanto como para el descanso de la grúa, como de los equipos antes del montaje, como de la necesidad de que todos los equipos y personal tengan su respectiva certificación de operación y trabajo. \u0000 \u0000 Términos del índice— montaje, izaje, grúas, cables, eslingas, grilletes, equipos pesados. \u0000 \u0000Abstract ─ \u0000Over the years, the industry in general has grown so much that it is already necessary to make assemblies of large equipment both in size, weight, and in importance. The present work is the result of many years of work in the area of heavy equipment assemblies, in several industries such as petrochemicals, potable water, mines, energy, among others and it is intended to cover as much information as possible to perform a successful assembly. Assembly of heavy equipment is a high-risk operation under the conditions of work, much as the same weight of equipment, the required forces, the need for coordination among all participants and the proper functioning of equipment and accessories. To make the assemblies it is essential that all personnel are properly equipped, that the communication is smooth and clear, that all the necessary tools are in good condition as well as the lifting equipment. In this work we will analyze in particular the assembly with mobile cranes that can be on wheels, crawler or chains, that is, we are talking about telescopic (hydraulic), and mechanical cranes (with castle or lattice-type boom). We will see several recommendations so that the assembly will be optimal, safe and within a recommended time.","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121414026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-09DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2191
Karla Yuliana Palacios Vallejos, María Alexandra Romero Mendoza, Ernesto Alonso Rosero Delgado
In Ecuador maize (Zea mays L) it´s produced in the coastal, Andean and Amazon region, 45.521 hectares are harvested annually in Manabí. On the other hand, peanuts (Arachishypogaea) are another important crop in Manabí agriculture. Within the different agricultural or processing processes, heterogeneous waste, especially biomass, which represents an environmental problem due to the lack of techniques for its use, remaining in the field in the form of waste, which creates pollution problems. An assessment was made of the physicochemical properties that influence energy potential (humidity, ash, fixed carbon and volatile material) of these residues specifically of corn stalk (TM) and peanut shell (CM) for use in the development of a solid biofuel (péllet). CM's moisture content was 11.45% and TM 10.83%. The highest ash content in CM 18.93% and a lower content at TM=11.93%. The fixed carbon content in CM=15.78% and in TM=23.11%, similar values were obtained in the volatile material content between the two residues (CM=65.47% and TM=64.96%), these results indicate that the selected waste can be used for power generation as solid biofuels. In a pilot burner, pellets were burned for each selected agro-industrial waste reaching a maximum temperature of 751±39 °C for CM and 653±13 °C for TM in time of 9 and 4 minutes respectively. Index Terms— biomass, energy potential, solid biofuel.
{"title":"Estimación de las propiedades físico-químicas de residuos agroindustriales para el aprovechamiento como biocombustible","authors":"Karla Yuliana Palacios Vallejos, María Alexandra Romero Mendoza, Ernesto Alonso Rosero Delgado","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2191","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000In Ecuador maize (Zea mays L) it´s produced in the coastal, Andean and Amazon region, 45.521 hectares are harvested annually in Manabí. On the other hand, peanuts (Arachishypogaea) are another important crop in Manabí agriculture. Within the different agricultural or processing processes, heterogeneous waste, especially biomass, which represents an environmental problem due to the lack of techniques for its use, remaining in the field in the form of waste, which creates pollution problems. An assessment was made of the physicochemical properties that influence energy potential (humidity, ash, fixed carbon and volatile material) of these residues specifically of corn stalk (TM) and peanut shell (CM) for use in the development of a solid biofuel (péllet). CM's moisture content was 11.45% and TM 10.83%. The highest ash content in CM 18.93% and a lower content at TM=11.93%. The fixed carbon content in CM=15.78% and in TM=23.11%, similar values were obtained in the volatile material content between the two residues (CM=65.47% and TM=64.96%), these results indicate that the selected waste can be used for power generation as solid biofuels. In a pilot burner, pellets were burned for each selected agro-industrial waste reaching a maximum temperature of 751±39 °C for CM and 653±13 °C for TM in time of 9 and 4 minutes respectively. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Index Terms— biomass, energy potential, solid biofuel. \u0000","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"602 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123330209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-09DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2188
A. Avellán, Segundo García, G. Burgos, C. Moreira, Oswaldo García, Carlos Banchón
In order to reduce production costs of biodiesel, minimum transesterification conditions were herein evaluated. Limiting factors were determined to use calcium oxide and hydroxide catalysts, at different doses and concentrations in the transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil and methanol. It was determined that the presence of water, and content of free fatty acids (0,423-2,53% acidity) in the Jatropha oil are just a minimum inhibition factors, in comparison with atmospheric reaction conditions. In contrast, the 10:1 molar ratio of methanol and oil allowed a 98,9% yield of biodiesel when sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst. The same yield was obtained with or without oil esterification. In perspective, avoiding the poisoning of heterogeneous catalysts is still under study in the search for catalysts recovery from the reaction medium. Index Terms—transesterification, nucleophilic reaction, oil, energy, biofuel.
{"title":"Factores limitantes en la producción del biodiésel de Jatropha curcas L","authors":"A. Avellán, Segundo García, G. Burgos, C. Moreira, Oswaldo García, Carlos Banchón","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2188","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 \u0000In order to reduce production costs of biodiesel, minimum transesterification conditions were herein evaluated. Limiting factors were determined to use calcium oxide and hydroxide catalysts, at different doses and concentrations in the transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil and methanol. It was determined that the presence of water, and content of free fatty acids (0,423-2,53% acidity) in the Jatropha oil are just a minimum inhibition factors, in comparison with atmospheric reaction conditions. In contrast, the 10:1 molar ratio of methanol and oil allowed a 98,9% yield of biodiesel when sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst. The same yield was obtained with or without oil esterification. In perspective, avoiding the poisoning of heterogeneous catalysts is still under study in the search for catalysts recovery from the reaction medium. \u0000 \u0000Index Terms—transesterification, nucleophilic reaction, oil, energy, biofuel. \u0000","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126244949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-09DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2193
Milagro Lupita Aragundi Demera, Carla Monserrate Delgado Romero, E. Ortiz Hernández, Daniel Alfredo Delgado Gutiérrez
The present investigation is based on the development of a study that determines the soil bearing capacity as a geotechnical parameter, applying the DCP penetration dynamic cone test, in the adjacent areas to the Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences. The values obtained from the DCP index correlated with experimental formulas allowed obtaining the soil bearing capacity, also establishing parameters such as grain size, humidity, compaction, Atterberg limits, resilient module regulated by the AASTHO, subsequently characterizing the different samples from the results obtained in the soil mechanics laboratory. When defining the results obtained in the investigation, parameters were determined that detail the composition of the soil at the study site, in which a CBR was obtained categorizing it as “poor to regulate” in terms of the quality of the subgrade. Furthermore, the texture of the material was classified as silt soils from low to high plasticity. Thus, it is proposed to use the information obtained in the investigation for the projection of future civil works that contribute to the integral development of this alma mater. Index Terms- California Support Value (CBR), Dynamic Standard Penetration Cone (DCP), Resilient Module, Test, Subgrade, Pavement.
{"title":"Estudio para determinar la capacidad portante del suelo como parámetro geotécnico, aplicando el ensayo de cono dinámico de penetración (DCP), en los terrenos aledaños a la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas Físicas y Químicas","authors":"Milagro Lupita Aragundi Demera, Carla Monserrate Delgado Romero, E. Ortiz Hernández, Daniel Alfredo Delgado Gutiérrez","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2193","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000The present investigation is based on the development of a study that determines the soil bearing capacity as a geotechnical parameter, applying the DCP penetration dynamic cone test, in the adjacent areas to the Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences. The values obtained from the DCP index correlated with experimental formulas allowed obtaining the soil bearing capacity, also establishing parameters such as grain size, humidity, compaction, Atterberg limits, resilient module regulated by the AASTHO, subsequently characterizing the different samples from the results obtained in the soil mechanics laboratory. When defining the results obtained in the investigation, parameters were determined that detail the composition of the soil at the study site, in which a CBR was obtained categorizing it as “poor to regulate” in terms of the quality of the subgrade. Furthermore, the texture of the material was classified as silt soils from low to high plasticity. Thus, it is proposed to use the information obtained in the investigation for the projection of future civil works that contribute to the integral development of this alma mater. \u0000 \u0000Index Terms- California Support Value (CBR), Dynamic Standard Penetration Cone (DCP), Resilient Module, Test, Subgrade, Pavement.","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126789876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-09DOI: 10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2190
Erick Franklin Roldán Pinargote, Ruber Marcelo Suárez Balcázar, Lincoln Javier García Vinces, Marcos Geovanny Zevallos Loor
Se puede afirmar que el Ecuador es un país de alto riesgo sísmico, el cual es analizado y evaluado mediante un análisis detallado que partirá de la estimación a través de una investigación de campo, se tiene que recolectar muestras de suelo para llevarlas al laboratorio y determinar el tipo de respuesta que tiene el suelo y las edificación en cualquier fenómeno natural que se pueda presentar en cualquier momento imprevisto, y se podrá tener un sistema para el control en construcciones, que consistirá en la aplicación de la Norma ecuatoriana de Construcción – NEC. El estudio de Microzonificación sísmica del cantón Portoviejo especifica las zonas donde y como se puede construir dependiendo del tipo del suelo que exista en cada sector. Estos estudios se piden en la Norma ecuatoriana de Construcción y que sirve de referencia para conocer varios tipos de suelos que existen. Ecuador en su costa oriental del océano pacifico forma parte del llamado “Cinturón de Fuego del Pacifico” que se especifica por ser una de la zona del planeta que esta denominado como tal debido a que es la región más susceptible de experimentar los efectos de terremotos y erupciones volcánicas. Se lo caracteriza de tal manera ya que se puede apreciar muchos cambios en la superficie del planeta como respuestas a la interacción de las llamadas placas tectónicas. Para el caso del Ecuador, la interacción entre las Placas Sudamericanas y la Placa Nazca genera una zona de subducción frente a las costas y varias zonas tectónicamente que produce grandes sismos dentro al país. Los terremotos, son el resultado de la rotura de las rocas, liberando súbitamente energía en un punto determinado de la corteza terrestre. Se transmiten en forma de ondas sísmicas que se propagan alejándose de su punto de origen, de igual manera que en un estanque lo hacen las olas al alejarse del punto donde arrojamos una piedra. El hipocentro se denomina al lugar bajo la Tierra en donde se procrea un sismo, y epicentro su proyección hacia la superficie. Se puede afirmar que la contaminación ambiental según la conocemos, resulta consustancial a los modelos tradicionales del desarrollo. Cuanto un país se desarrolla más y más, la sociedad tiende a afligir más y la contaminación se produce como un resultado. Palabras claves: Microzonificación Sísmica, Terremoto, Suelos Blandos, Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción, Análisis Estructural. Abstract— It can be affirmed that Ecuador is a country with a high seismic risk, which is analyzed and evaluated by means of a detailed analysis that will start from the estimation through a field investigation, soil samples have to be collected to take them to the laboratory and determine the type of response that the soil and buildings have in any natural phenomenon that may occur at any unforeseen moment, and a system for construction control may be available, which will consist in the application of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard - NEC. The study of seismic microzo
可以说,厄瓜多尔是一个高风险的国家,这是地震分析和评估,通过详细分析估计将从通过实地调查,收集土壤样本,他们到实验室和确定反应类型有土壤和熏陶,在任何自然现象得以提交随时随意,将有一个控制系统建设,这将包括厄瓜多尔建筑标准NEC的应用。波托维耶霍州的地震微分区研究根据每个区域的土壤类型指定了可以建造的区域和如何建造。这些研究是厄瓜多尔建筑规范的要求，它是了解几种土壤类型的参考。厄瓜多尔位于太平洋东海岸，是所谓的“太平洋火带”的一部分，这是地球上被称为“太平洋火带”的地区之一，因为它是最容易受到地震和火山爆发影响的地区。它的特点是，你可以看到地球表面的许多变化是对所谓构造板块相互作用的响应。以厄瓜多尔为例，南美板块和纳斯卡板块之间的相互作用产生了一个沿海俯冲带和几个构造带，在该国境内产生了大地震。地震是岩石破裂的结果，在地壳的某一点突然释放能量。它们以地震波的形式传播，地震波从原点传播，就像在池塘里，海浪从我们扔石头的地方传播一样。震源是指地震在地下发生的地方，震中是地震向地表投射的地方。可以说，我们所知道的环境污染是传统发展模式所固有的。一个国家越发达，社会就越痛苦，污染就会随之而来。关键词:地震微分区，地震，软土，厄瓜多尔建筑标准，结构分析。Abstract厄瓜多尔—It can be affirmed that is a country with a high seismic risk, which is analyzed and evaluated by means of a详细分析that will start from the estimation通过实地调查,土壤samples have to be指导to take them to the laboratory) and response确定the type of that the soil and自然建筑have in any phenomenon that may occur at any unforeseen巴拉克,and a system for construction may be可控制,这将包括执行厄瓜多尔建筑标准- NEC。对波托维耶霍州地震微分区的研究，根据每个地区存在的土壤类型，具体说明了该地区可以建造的地区和如何建造。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(0.964平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。它的特点是，行星表面的许多变化可以被视为对所谓构造板块相互作用的反应。以厄瓜多尔为例，南美洲板块和纳斯卡板块之间的相互作用产生了海岸外的俯冲带和几个构造带，在该国境内产生了大地震。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该镇总面积为，其中土地和(1.1%)水。They are》in the form of seismic waves propagate away from their point of origin, just as in a pond the waves do when They move away from the point where we throw a stone。The hypocenter an地震under The Earth is called The place where is procreated, and its projection towards The surface epicenter。可以说，正如我们所知，环境污染是传统发展模式所固有的。随着国家的发展，社会往往会遭受更多的痛苦，污染也会随之发生。关键词:地震微分区，地震，软土，厄瓜多尔建筑标准，结构分析。
{"title":"Análisis estructural del edificio de docentes N° 1 de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, comparando los espectros sísmicos de la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción NEC 2015, el determinado por el estudio de la microzonificación sísmica de Portoviejo","authors":"Erick Franklin Roldán Pinargote, Ruber Marcelo Suárez Balcázar, Lincoln Javier García Vinces, Marcos Geovanny Zevallos Loor","doi":"10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2190","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Se puede afirmar que el Ecuador es un país de alto riesgo sísmico, el cual es analizado y evaluado mediante un análisis detallado que partirá de la estimación a través de una investigación de campo, se tiene que recolectar muestras de suelo para llevarlas al laboratorio y determinar el tipo de respuesta que tiene el suelo y las edificación en cualquier fenómeno natural que se pueda presentar en cualquier momento imprevisto, y se podrá tener un sistema para el control en construcciones, que consistirá en la aplicación de la Norma ecuatoriana de Construcción – NEC. El estudio de Microzonificación sísmica del cantón Portoviejo especifica las zonas donde y como se puede construir dependiendo del tipo del suelo que exista en cada sector. Estos estudios se piden en la Norma ecuatoriana de Construcción y que sirve de referencia para conocer varios tipos de suelos que existen. Ecuador en su costa oriental del océano pacifico forma parte del llamado “Cinturón de Fuego del Pacifico” que se especifica por ser una de la zona del planeta que esta denominado como tal debido a que es la región más susceptible de experimentar los efectos de terremotos y erupciones volcánicas. Se lo caracteriza de tal manera ya que se puede apreciar muchos cambios en la superficie del planeta como respuestas a la interacción de las llamadas placas tectónicas. Para el caso del Ecuador, la interacción entre las Placas Sudamericanas y la Placa Nazca genera una zona de subducción frente a las costas y varias zonas tectónicamente que produce grandes sismos dentro al país. Los terremotos, son el resultado de la rotura de las rocas, liberando súbitamente energía en un punto determinado de la corteza terrestre. Se transmiten en forma de ondas sísmicas que se propagan alejándose de su punto de origen, de igual manera que en un estanque lo hacen las olas al alejarse del punto donde arrojamos una piedra. El hipocentro se denomina al lugar bajo la Tierra en donde se procrea un sismo, y epicentro su proyección hacia la superficie. Se puede afirmar que la contaminación ambiental según la conocemos, resulta consustancial a los modelos tradicionales del desarrollo. Cuanto un país se desarrolla más y más, la sociedad tiende a afligir más y la contaminación se produce como un resultado. \u0000 \u0000Palabras claves: Microzonificación Sísmica, Terremoto, Suelos Blandos, Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción, Análisis Estructural. \u0000 \u0000Abstract— \u0000It can be affirmed that Ecuador is a country with a high seismic risk, which is analyzed and evaluated by means of a detailed analysis that will start from the estimation through a field investigation, soil samples have to be collected to take them to the laboratory and determine the type of response that the soil and buildings have in any natural phenomenon that may occur at any unforeseen moment, and a system for construction control may be available, which will consist in the application of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard - NEC. The study of seismic microzo","PeriodicalId":114933,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115618071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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