Ecotoxicology最新文献

Potential adverse impacts of residual agricultural chemicals and their by-products in soil are generally overlooked in oviparous reptiles. Herein, eggs of an invasive turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, were incubated on moist substrate with different levels of a glyphosate formulation (glyphosate-isopropylammonium, Gly-IPA) or glyphosate by-product (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA), and then embryonic development, hatchling functional performance and liver metabolomic profile were investigated to evaluate herbicide residue effects in turtle species. No significant alterations in egg survival and incubation length, as well as hatchling size and locomotor performance were observed after egg exposure. Metabolomic analysis revealed only slight alterations in some liver metabolites, probably reflecting mild metabolic disorders caused by embryonic exposure to Gly-IPA or AMPA in T. scripta elegans. Overall, effect of embryonic exposure to Gly-IPA or AMPA on functional and metabolic performances of turtle hatchings might be relatively weak.

The evolutionary context of environmental toxicology and chemistry in the Anthropocene is expanded towards a global perspective through three complementary approaches: (i) environmental toxicity as a mechanism to explain selectivity in mass extinctions with the K-Pg event as a case study; (ii) evidence that certain features of embryonic development could be considered biomarkers of adaptation to specific environmental agents of the evolutionary process, e.g. the transition from the anaerobic to the aerobic metabolism in early embryonic stages versus from the anoxic toward the oxic Earth, and (iii) the capacity to build favorable conditions for life by the collaboration of a population of free-living embryos reducing environmental toxicity and its evolutionary implications from an onto-phylogenetic perspective. Focusing on the future, the article highlights the relevance of environmental toxicology and chemistry for sustainability, to understand the characteristics of eventual extraterrestrial life better, and for space colonization initiatives. The acronym EVOTOX is proposed for environmental toxicology and chemistry studies focusing on evolution, past, present, and future.

Increased usage of diuron in agriculture has non-target harmful impacts on aquatic life. Diuron toxicity causes endocrine disruption in the liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal diuron concentrations (0.00, 0.09, 0.17, 0.26, and 0.35 mg/L) for 28 days, and biochemical molecules (total protein, glucose, and cholesterol), biochemical enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase: AST and alanine aminotransferase: ALT), and histopathological sections of the kidney and liver were examined. The results demonstrated that increased diuron concentrations and exposure durations raised levels of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, AST, and ALT, indicating a dose-dependent toxicological impact on metabolic processes. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that cholesterol plays an important role in regulating the enzymatic response to diuron toxicity, although, to a lesser extent, glucose and protein also contributed to physiological adaptations and stress responses in C. gariepinus. Histological examination revealed severe alterations in the liver and kidneys, indicating cellular destruction and loss of structural integrity. This study highlights the importance of constant monitoring of aquatic ecosystems for diuron contamination and the potential ecological risks it poses to fish health.