Ecotoxicology最新文献

Potential adverse impacts of residual agricultural chemicals and their by-products in soil are generally overlooked in oviparous reptiles. Herein, eggs of an invasive turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, were incubated on moist substrate with different levels of a glyphosate formulation (glyphosate-isopropylammonium, Gly-IPA) or glyphosate by-product (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA), and then embryonic development, hatchling functional performance and liver metabolomic profile were investigated to evaluate herbicide residue effects in turtle species. No significant alterations in egg survival and incubation length, as well as hatchling size and locomotor performance were observed after egg exposure. Metabolomic analysis revealed only slight alterations in some liver metabolites, probably reflecting mild metabolic disorders caused by embryonic exposure to Gly-IPA or AMPA in T. scripta elegans. Overall, effect of embryonic exposure to Gly-IPA or AMPA on functional and metabolic performances of turtle hatchings might be relatively weak.

Increased usage of diuron in agriculture has non-target harmful impacts on aquatic life. Diuron toxicity causes endocrine disruption in the liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal diuron concentrations (0.00, 0.09, 0.17, 0.26, and 0.35 mg/L) for 28 days, and biochemical molecules (total protein, glucose, and cholesterol), biochemical enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase: AST and alanine aminotransferase: ALT), and histopathological sections of the kidney and liver were examined. The results demonstrated that increased diuron concentrations and exposure durations raised levels of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, AST, and ALT, indicating a dose-dependent toxicological impact on metabolic processes. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that cholesterol plays an important role in regulating the enzymatic response to diuron toxicity, although, to a lesser extent, glucose and protein also contributed to physiological adaptations and stress responses in C. gariepinus. Histological examination revealed severe alterations in the liver and kidneys, indicating cellular destruction and loss of structural integrity. This study highlights the importance of constant monitoring of aquatic ecosystems for diuron contamination and the potential ecological risks it poses to fish health.

The intensive use of pesticides in the province of Larache results in soil contamination, which negatively impacts microbial communities and non-target organisms, including key soil species such as earthworms. The present study is the first in the region to combine measurements of environmental concentrations of pesticides with an ecological risk assessment for the Loukkos agroecosystem. Two approaches were used to assess and characterize the potential ecotoxicological risks of the 11 pesticide residues detected: the Risk Quotient (RQ) and the Toxicity-exposure ratio (TER). Fenamiphos and chlorpyrifos ethyl were the most frequently detected pesticides, with concentrations ranging from 0.072-0.229 and 0.010-0.023 mg/kg, respectively. These concentrations are particularly high, especially for fenamiphos. The RQ and TER values revealed high ecological risk and an intolerable level of risk for some pesticides, particularly cypermethrin and fenamiphos, with RQ values reaching up to 26.200 and 46.780, respectively, in certain locations. These two compounds pose potential risks to earthworms. The other molecules exhibited low to moderate risk levels. Overall, the pesticides detected in soil samples showed varying levels of risk to earthworms, mainly attributed to organophosphate compounds.