Egyptian journal of forensic sciences最新文献

Background: Domestic violence (DV) is one of the major concerning health problems worldwide, and individuals who experienced domestic violence, may suffer physical or psychological consequences.

Main body: Children as a major part of the family and society are usually involved in familial challenging events such as domestic violence, and suffer several major complications. This review aimed to explore the psychological consequences of child exposure to domestic violence. A systematic search in four databases yielded 18 peer-reviewed original studies that met the inclusion criteria. Selected studies highlighted the psychological consequences of domestic violence in witnessing and exposed children. The findings of the present study revealed that children exposed to DV suffer various psychological, mental, and behavioral complications which may be short and long-lasting, and moderate or severe. Children exposed to domestic violence may show declined educational performance and social abilities. Internalization problems, depression, post-traumatic stress disorders symptoms, and externalization symptoms such as aggressive behaviors and even lower levels of IQ are of most important reported complications of domestic violence in children. Educational programs for parents as well as trained school caregivers and health policy-makers can diminish and prevent the complications of domestic violence in children.

Conclusion: Considering the importance of children mental hygiene, health policymakers should consider facilities to screen and detect children with signs of maltreatment and exposed to domestic violence. In this regard, trained teachers or school counselors will be helpful, as social supports and therapies may be more effective by early detection affairs.

Background: Recent research has explored volumetric assessment in three-dimensional (3D) imaging procedures for sexual dimorphism. The 3D techniques have enabled a more realistic, accurate, and non-invasive visualization of sex-related anatomical parameters, such as the size and shape of human teeth.

Aim: To perform sexual dimorphism based on dental tissue volumes of permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines in a Malaysian population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 220 post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) scans of Malaysian subjects (114 males and 106 females) aged between 18 and 40 years old. The permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines were analysed based on the volume of their (I) enamel cap, (II) coronal dentine, and (III) root, as well as the combination between the three dental tissue volumes (DTV). 3D Slicer version 4.10.2 computer software was used to perform a semi-automated segmentation of the anatomic regions of interest of each tooth.

Results: The DTV of the permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines showed sexual dimorphism as the males presented larger DTV than females (p < 0.05). After binary logistic regression, the DTV revealed an overall sex classification rate of 60 to 74.1%. The DTV of the permanent left mandibular canine had more discriminant power to correctly classify males and females compared to the left maxillary canine.

Conclusions: The volumetric assessment of the dental tissues of the permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines could discriminate sex in the Malaysian population. Given the limited classification rate, this approach could act solely as a supplementary tool to existing sex estimation methods.

Background: Any science can be a forensic science (FS) if it has some justice application. Therefore, FS is an extremely interdisciplinary field at the interface of chemistry, biology, physics, medicine, law, criminology, and other related sciences. The Al Istiqlal University obtained the first and only license in Palestine to open a bachelor's program specialized in FS, and there is a limited number of similar programs in the region, while there is growth around the world in this field. A full bachelor's program in FS has been established at the Al Istiqlal University. This study aimed to describe the FS program model and its curricula and, in addition, evaluation of such a program from its students' point of view. To achieve the aims of this study, a questionnaire was developed, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The study sample consisted of all 35 male and female students enrolled in the FS program at the Al Istiqlal University for the spring semester of the academic years 2021-2022.

Results: After collecting and analyzing the study tool, the results showed that the students agreed on all the paragraphs of the questionnaire that encourage the specialization of FS according to the model established at the Al Istiqlal University. The overall degree of students' evaluation of the FS program was high, and the total mean of the students' responses for all study fields was 3.56. The total degree for determining the students' evaluation of faculty members, students' evaluation of curricula and contents, and students' evaluation of academic support services came to a high degree with a means of 3.75, 3.51, and 3.42 respectively.

Conclusion: This study recommended the importance of the Bachelor of FS Program at the Al Istiqlal University and recommended developing disseminating and raising awareness of this new scientific field. The success of the Bachelor of FS program at the Al Istiqlal University is a model for the region to follow.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41935-023-00335-4.

Background: After substantial trauma, pulmonary embolism (PE) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Early post-traumatic PE in the absence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a distinct entity that might be connected to rare mechanisms or unidentified biochemical processes.

Case presentation: A driver of a car was presented with worsening chest pain and shortness of breath (SOB) following a road traffic accident in which he suffered an impact on the chest against the steering wheel and a closed fracture of the right femur. Radiological investigations revealed a pulmonary embolism in the left posterior segment pulmonary artery, without evidence of internal chest injuries or DVT within 12 h from the incident. D-dimer, troponin I, and creatinine kinase were elevated without evidence of myocardial infarction or myocardial injury. Other parameters were within the normal range.

Conclusions: Possibilities of early PE in the absence of detectable DVT could be due to hyper-coagulability states, clots from the lower extremity completely getting detached and embolizing to the pulmonary circulation, screening errors, and "de novo" thrombi in the pulmonary circulation. Chest trauma is an identified risk factor for early or late pulmonary embolism. Action of the post-traumatic adrenergic response causing vascular endothelial inflammation and the synthesis of circulating adhesion molecules leading to localized thrombosis have also been suggested as causes for this phenomenon. A greater understanding of rare risk factors for early PE and the possibility of rare complications of chest trauma is useful in detecting and treating them in time, reducing morbidity and mortality.