Dental age estimation of adults is a challenging procedure in forensic odontology. Radiographic techniques have enabled non-invasive age estimation of adults since the 90’s. Kvaal’s method based on the deposition of secondary dentin has demonstrated broad applicability in several populations. Population-specific studies with this method, however, are scarce in South America. This study tested the validity of Kvaal’s method in a sample of radiographs of Brazilian adults. The sample consisted of 192 periapical radiographs of 106 females (55.2%) and 86 males (44.8%) with ages between 20 and 80 years old. The permanent maxillary right (n = 84, 43.8%) and left (n = 108, 56.2%) central incisors were assessed based on Kvaal’s method. Lin’s coefficient of concordance between estimated (EA) and chronological (CA) ages was 0.800 (IC95% = 0.753; 0.847) (p < 0.001). The mean difference between EA and CA was − 2.84 years (p < 0.001). For females and males, separately, the mean differences between EA and CA were − 3.82 years (CI95% = − 5.38; − 2.25) (p < 0.001) and − 1.86 years (CI95% = − 3.56; − 0.17) (p = 0.031), respectively. Underestimations were predominant and increased with time. After 28 years of the original publication, Kvaal’s method remains reliable for non-invasive dental age estimation of adults, especially for the analysis of the permanent maxillary central incisors of Brazilian individuals.
{"title":"Kvaal’s dental age estimation method applied to Brazilian adults—a cross-sectional test of validity","authors":"Suzana Mantovani, Adriano Petta, Marianna Arakelyan, Mariana Soares, Ademir Franco","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00381-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00381-y","url":null,"abstract":"Dental age estimation of adults is a challenging procedure in forensic odontology. Radiographic techniques have enabled non-invasive age estimation of adults since the 90’s. Kvaal’s method based on the deposition of secondary dentin has demonstrated broad applicability in several populations. Population-specific studies with this method, however, are scarce in South America. This study tested the validity of Kvaal’s method in a sample of radiographs of Brazilian adults. The sample consisted of 192 periapical radiographs of 106 females (55.2%) and 86 males (44.8%) with ages between 20 and 80 years old. The permanent maxillary right (n = 84, 43.8%) and left (n = 108, 56.2%) central incisors were assessed based on Kvaal’s method. Lin’s coefficient of concordance between estimated (EA) and chronological (CA) ages was 0.800 (IC95% = 0.753; 0.847) (p < 0.001). The mean difference between EA and CA was − 2.84 years (p < 0.001). For females and males, separately, the mean differences between EA and CA were − 3.82 years (CI95% = − 5.38; − 2.25) (p < 0.001) and − 1.86 years (CI95% = − 3.56; − 0.17) (p = 0.031), respectively. Underestimations were predominant and increased with time. After 28 years of the original publication, Kvaal’s method remains reliable for non-invasive dental age estimation of adults, especially for the analysis of the permanent maxillary central incisors of Brazilian individuals.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"55 47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00373-y
Cemil Çelik, Tuba Akkuş Çetinkaya, Uğur Ata, Murat Kamalak, Naile Esra Saka
It is difficult to pinpoint the manner of death in cases of death due to sharp force injuries where injury patterns resemble one another. Other issues that might arise include physical mobility and survival time after injury. Within the scope of this case, a 53-year-old male suicide with findings suggestive of homicide is presented, along with research on the nature of sharp neck injuries, survival time, and movement after injury. Thanks to the surveillance camera video that captured a significant portion of the occurrence, it was determined that the incident in the case that was presented, which had two perforations of the larynx, was suicide. At first appearance, this case could be assumed to be homicidal. Due to the injury, the victim could only walk around 300–350 m. The victim had a 4-h average survival time. In general terms, the survival time according to the injury sites in the neck can be listed for a person (if the wound sizes are close to each other) as follows: injury causing vagal stimulation < arterial injury with severe blood loss < venous injury with blood loss < airway injury causing aspiration and respiratory failure.
{"title":"Penetrating two stab to the throat, survival time and physical mobility: a suicide case and literature review","authors":"Cemil Çelik, Tuba Akkuş Çetinkaya, Uğur Ata, Murat Kamalak, Naile Esra Saka","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00373-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00373-y","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult to pinpoint the manner of death in cases of death due to sharp force injuries where injury patterns resemble one another. Other issues that might arise include physical mobility and survival time after injury. Within the scope of this case, a 53-year-old male suicide with findings suggestive of homicide is presented, along with research on the nature of sharp neck injuries, survival time, and movement after injury. Thanks to the surveillance camera video that captured a significant portion of the occurrence, it was determined that the incident in the case that was presented, which had two perforations of the larynx, was suicide. At first appearance, this case could be assumed to be homicidal. Due to the injury, the victim could only walk around 300–350 m. The victim had a 4-h average survival time. In general terms, the survival time according to the injury sites in the neck can be listed for a person (if the wound sizes are close to each other) as follows: injury causing vagal stimulation < arterial injury with severe blood loss < venous injury with blood loss < airway injury causing aspiration and respiratory failure.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00371-0
Sukhwinder Singh, Hanan Shakeel, Rakesh Sharma
The beginning of chemometrics within pattern recognition of the 1960s and 1970s is defined. This article shows a comprehensive deliberation on application of the chemometric techniques to chemical data analysis. Many review papers along with the usage of chemometrics in forensic chemistry have been available. The present article has been distributed into several parts which comprise chemometrics, its history, its function and chemometrics methods. It is advised that these new chemometrics methods should be applied in forensic chemistry to get accurate and fast results.
{"title":"Overview of chemometrics in forensic toxicology","authors":"Sukhwinder Singh, Hanan Shakeel, Rakesh Sharma","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00371-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00371-0","url":null,"abstract":"The beginning of chemometrics within pattern recognition of the 1960s and 1970s is defined. This article shows a comprehensive deliberation on application of the chemometric techniques to chemical data analysis. Many review papers along with the usage of chemometrics in forensic chemistry have been available. The present article has been distributed into several parts which comprise chemometrics, its history, its function and chemometrics methods. It is advised that these new chemometrics methods should be applied in forensic chemistry to get accurate and fast results.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00372-z
Sakshi Sharda, Prakash Ranjan Mondal
Personal identification using partial fingerprints poses a major challenge in forensic investigations. In light of such restrictions, sweat pore characteristics have shown to be a possible alternative. However, limited research has been done on these due to their minute size. The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying the differences in pore frequency, pore shapes (circular and non-circular), and pore positions (middle and periphery) with respect to sex, bimanual, and age in the population of Delhi-NCR (National Capital Region). As there is no universal approach for defining the evaluation area of pore analysis, we used fingerprint patterns to demarcate a 9mm2 area of analysis. The rolled-inked fingerprints of 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) belonging to 18-60 years of age were examined using microscopy. The obtained data for all prints was analysed and compared with respect to the different variables. The results showed statistically significant bimanual variations for both sexes. In females, all studied pore characteristics except the number of pores at the middle position were significantly higher in the right hand as compared to the left hand. In males, only the number of pores at the peripheral position was significantly higher in the right hand as compared to the left hand. However, no significant differences were observed in pore characteristics between the two sexes and among the different age groups. Moreover, several pore characteristics showed a significant correlation with age in males as compared to females where no significant correlations were observed. Significant bimanual variations highlighted the potential application of pore characteristics for forensic practice; wherein a fingerprint examiner might determine the probable hand used for the commission of the crime, thereby strengthening the evidentiary value of partial fingerprints. These findings also suggest that the sex and age of an individual cannot be determined by pore characteristics.
{"title":"A bimanual comparison of variation in sweat pores with sex and age: a brief dermatoglyphic survey of population in Delhi-NCR","authors":"Sakshi Sharda, Prakash Ranjan Mondal","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00372-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00372-z","url":null,"abstract":"Personal identification using partial fingerprints poses a major challenge in forensic investigations. In light of such restrictions, sweat pore characteristics have shown to be a possible alternative. However, limited research has been done on these due to their minute size. The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying the differences in pore frequency, pore shapes (circular and non-circular), and pore positions (middle and periphery) with respect to sex, bimanual, and age in the population of Delhi-NCR (National Capital Region). As there is no universal approach for defining the evaluation area of pore analysis, we used fingerprint patterns to demarcate a 9mm2 area of analysis. The rolled-inked fingerprints of 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) belonging to 18-60 years of age were examined using microscopy. The obtained data for all prints was analysed and compared with respect to the different variables. The results showed statistically significant bimanual variations for both sexes. In females, all studied pore characteristics except the number of pores at the middle position were significantly higher in the right hand as compared to the left hand. In males, only the number of pores at the peripheral position was significantly higher in the right hand as compared to the left hand. However, no significant differences were observed in pore characteristics between the two sexes and among the different age groups. Moreover, several pore characteristics showed a significant correlation with age in males as compared to females where no significant correlations were observed. Significant bimanual variations highlighted the potential application of pore characteristics for forensic practice; wherein a fingerprint examiner might determine the probable hand used for the commission of the crime, thereby strengthening the evidentiary value of partial fingerprints. These findings also suggest that the sex and age of an individual cannot be determined by pore characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138568405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00369-8
Sreelakshmi Krishna, Pooja Ahuja
The investigation and reconstruction of firearm-related crimes for the determination of the shooting distance, time since fire, and gunshot residue (GSR) persistence using the analysis of GSR comprising organic and inorganic components are crucial. However, the conventional color tests and allied techniques for GSR analysis are destructive and have limited sensitivity and selectivity. The review gives an elaborate and chronological description of all the methods used to date along with the future aspects of GSR detection techniques. It highlights the significant methods of spectrometry and spectroscopy applied as analytical techniques for the evaluation of GSR. The study is divided into various sections, ranging from the conventional color tests to the current techniques used in GSR analysis. While there is inconsistency and unreliability in these techniques, the current approaches discussed in this study using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and electrochemical sensor-based methods have significant potential for GSR detection. Addressing such limitations will enhance the forensic capabilities of law enforcement and provide an added advantage to forensic laboratories during an investigation. It will also reinforce the use of such spectroscopic data in a criminal investigation. The techniques discussed here have the capability to detect both organic and inorganic components of GSR that has the potential to link GSR particles to the type of ammunition discharged. The validity and reliability of these approaches have proved to establish their capability to differentiate between potential false positives known for standard forensic analysis techniques currently used for GSR detection and identification. The paper anticipates a systematic study of the novel methodologies relevant to the current scope of research concerning GSR analysis, when fully developed and implemented in practice will help forensic scientists to detect, identify, and analyze GSR, making it a new and important type of evidence.
{"title":"A chronological study of gunshot residue (GSR) detection techniques: a narrative review","authors":"Sreelakshmi Krishna, Pooja Ahuja","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00369-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00369-8","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation and reconstruction of firearm-related crimes for the determination of the shooting distance, time since fire, and gunshot residue (GSR) persistence using the analysis of GSR comprising organic and inorganic components are crucial. However, the conventional color tests and allied techniques for GSR analysis are destructive and have limited sensitivity and selectivity. The review gives an elaborate and chronological description of all the methods used to date along with the future aspects of GSR detection techniques. It highlights the significant methods of spectrometry and spectroscopy applied as analytical techniques for the evaluation of GSR. The study is divided into various sections, ranging from the conventional color tests to the current techniques used in GSR analysis. While there is inconsistency and unreliability in these techniques, the current approaches discussed in this study using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and electrochemical sensor-based methods have significant potential for GSR detection. Addressing such limitations will enhance the forensic capabilities of law enforcement and provide an added advantage to forensic laboratories during an investigation. It will also reinforce the use of such spectroscopic data in a criminal investigation. The techniques discussed here have the capability to detect both organic and inorganic components of GSR that has the potential to link GSR particles to the type of ammunition discharged. The validity and reliability of these approaches have proved to establish their capability to differentiate between potential false positives known for standard forensic analysis techniques currently used for GSR detection and identification. The paper anticipates a systematic study of the novel methodologies relevant to the current scope of research concerning GSR analysis, when fully developed and implemented in practice will help forensic scientists to detect, identify, and analyze GSR, making it a new and important type of evidence.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00370-1
Carlos Alonso Leite dos Santos, Patric Anderson Gomes da Silva, Luiz Marivando Barros, Jean Paul Kamdem, Antonia Eliene Duarte, Waseem Hassan
<p>On September 29, 2023, Merdietio Boedi et al., (2023) published a remarkable article. They performed bibliometric analysis of dental age estimation (DAE). The search string was “Dental Age Estimation” OR “Age Determination through Teeth.” The data was retrieved from Scopus database and covered the publications from 1964 to 2022.</p><p>We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude for their valuable work. They also adapted a meticulous approach in gathering, analyzing, and presenting the relevant data. In this communication, we would like to request the esteemed authors for their expert opinion about a few discrepancies. We also tried to contribute new data that may enhance the quality of the published work.</p><p>The authors reported and analyzed 1638 articles, however for the same search strings we found 1744 research documents (from 1964 to 2022). The expert opinion of Merdietio Boedi, R., and their colleagues will be highly appreciated to clarify the stated discrepancy.</p><p>We also observed significant differences in the productivity of universities. For instance, according to Merdietio Boedi et al. the University of São Paulo (USP) have produced 104 articles, But according to our findings USP published only 35 documents. Similarly, the Universitätsklinikum Münster, which was listed with 83 articles in the article, actually has a total of 29 articles. While the University of Zagreb, to which 71 articles were attributed, actually has 28 research documents.</p><p>Regarding countries, there are indeed significant discrepancies in the numbers presented. India, as mentioned, has a total of 667 articles, but the database indicated only 196. In the case of Italy, there are 532 articles, while the database lists 148. Certainly, a more in-depth analysis of these discrepancies is necessary to better understand the origin of these differences. Further investigations and clarifications are essential to reconcile these disparities in the data. Once again thanks to Merdietio Boedi et al. for their interesting work and we believe their expert opinion will truly help the common readership.</p><p>The data was retrieved from Scopus and attached as Supplementary material. the authors confirm that the data underlying the conclusions of this study are available in the article (and/or) its supplementary materials.</p><dl><dt style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>DAE:</dfn></dt><dd> <p>Dental Age Estimation</p> </dd><dt style="min-width:50px;"><dfn>USP:</dfn></dt><dd> <p>University of São Paulo</p> </dd></dl><ul data-track-component="outbound reference"><li><p>MerdietioBoedi R, Mânica S, Franco A (2023) Sixty years of research in dental age estimation: a bibliometric study. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 13:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00360-3</p><p>Article Google Scholar </p></li></ul><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" role="img" width="16"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xli
2023年9月29日，Merdietio Boedi et al.，(2023)发表了一篇引人注目的文章。他们对牙龄估计(DAE)进行文献计量学分析。搜索字符串是“牙齿年龄估计”或“通过牙齿确定年龄”。数据从Scopus数据库中检索，涵盖了1964 - 2022年的出版物。我们对他们的宝贵工作表示衷心的感谢。他们在收集、分析和呈现相关数据时也采用了一丝不苟的方法。在这封信函中，我们想请尊敬的作者就一些不符之处提出他们的专家意见。我们还试图提供新的数据，以提高已发表作品的质量。作者报告并分析了1638篇文章，然而对于相同的搜索字符串，我们发现了1744份研究文件(从1964年到2022年)。Merdietio Boedi, R.及其同事的专家意见将被高度赞赏，以澄清所述的差异。我们还观察到各大学的生产率存在显著差异。例如，根据Merdietio Boedi等人的研究，<s:1>圣保罗大学(USP)发表了104篇论文，但根据我们的发现，USP只发表了35篇论文。同样，在文章中列出了83篇文章的Universitätsklinikum m<e:1> nster，实际上总共有29篇文章。而发表了71篇论文的萨格勒布大学实际上有28份研究文件。就国家而言，所提供的数字确实存在重大差异。如前所述，印度共有667篇文章，但数据库显示只有196篇。以意大利为例，有532篇文章，而数据库列出了148篇。当然，为了更好地理解这些差异的起源，对这些差异进行更深入的分析是必要的。为了调和这些数据上的差异，进一步的调查和澄清是必不可少的。再次感谢Merdietio Boedi等人有趣的工作，我们相信他们的专家意见将真正帮助普通读者。数据从Scopus检索，并作为补充资料附上。作者确认，本研究结论的基础数据可在文章(和/或)其补充材料中获得。DAE:牙龄估计usp:University of University of o paulo omerdietioboedi R, m<e:1> nica S, Franco A(2023)牙龄估计的六十年研究:文献计量学研究。埃及。法医科学。13:41。https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00360-3Article Google Scholar下载参考资料作者及单位Cariri地区大学生物科学系，皮门塔校区，克拉托，塞拉亚，cep63105 - 5000，巴西carlos Alonso Leite dos Santos, patrick Anderson Gomes da Silva, Luiz Marivando Barros &;anonia Eliene duarte萨斯喀彻温大学医学院生物化学，微生物学和免疫学(BMI)系，s7n5e5, SK，萨斯卡通，威金斯路107号，让·保罗·卡姆德白沙瓦大学化学科学研究所，白沙瓦，25120，开伯尔普赫图赫瓦巴基斯坦waseem hassanauthorsscarlos Alonso Leite dos santos查看作者出版物您也可以在PubMed Google scholarparric Anderson Gomes da silva查看作者出版物您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarLuiz Marivando BarrosView作者出版物中搜索此作者您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarJean Paul KamdemView作者出版物中搜索此作者您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarAntonia Eliene DuarteView作者中搜索此作者你也可以在PubMed Google ScholarWaseem HassanView查看作者的出版物。你也可以在PubMed Google ScholarContributionsWH设计了这项研究。ALD对文章进行了评估。WH从斯高帕斯下载了数据。ALD检查了数据。谁用了Vosviewer ?ALD写了初稿WH准备了表格，三人共同敲定了这封信。通讯作者:Antonia Eliene Duarte对参与者的伦理批准和同意不适用。同意发表我们同意发表。interestsNone竞争。出版商声明:对于已出版的地图和机构关系中的管辖权要求，普林格·自然保持中立。附加文件1:补充表1。Spocus数据库中1964年至2022年每个隶属关系的文件数量。补充表2。Spocus数据库中1964年至2022年各国文件数量。开放获取本文遵循知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议，该协议允许以任何媒介或格式使用、共享、改编、分发和复制，只要您适当地注明原作者和来源，提供知识共享许可协议的链接，并注明是否进行了更改。 本文中的图像或其他第三方材料包含在文章的知识共享许可协议中，除非在材料的署名中另有说明。如果材料未包含在文章的知识共享许可中，并且您的预期用途不被法律法规允许或超过允许的用途，您将需要直接获得版权所有者的许可。要查看本许可协议的副本，请访问http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Reprints和PermissionsCite，查看dos Santos, c.a.l.， da Silva, p.a.g.， Barros, L.M.等人的文章。牙龄估计六十年研究:文献计量学研究。埃及法医学报，2013,50(2023)。https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00370-1Download citation:收稿日期:2023年10月13日接受日期:2023年11月6日发布日期:2023年11月15日doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00370-1Share这篇文章任何你分享以下链接的人都可以阅读到这篇文章:获取可共享链接对不起，这篇文章目前没有可共享链接。复制到剪贴板由Springer Nature shareit内容共享计划提供
{"title":"Sixty years of research in dental age estimation: a bibliometric study","authors":"Carlos Alonso Leite dos Santos, Patric Anderson Gomes da Silva, Luiz Marivando Barros, Jean Paul Kamdem, Antonia Eliene Duarte, Waseem Hassan","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00370-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00370-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On September 29, 2023, Merdietio Boedi et al., (2023) published a remarkable article. They performed bibliometric analysis of dental age estimation (DAE). The search string was “Dental Age Estimation” OR “Age Determination through Teeth.” The data was retrieved from Scopus database and covered the publications from 1964 to 2022.</p><p>We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude for their valuable work. They also adapted a meticulous approach in gathering, analyzing, and presenting the relevant data. In this communication, we would like to request the esteemed authors for their expert opinion about a few discrepancies. We also tried to contribute new data that may enhance the quality of the published work.</p><p>The authors reported and analyzed 1638 articles, however for the same search strings we found 1744 research documents (from 1964 to 2022). The expert opinion of Merdietio Boedi, R., and their colleagues will be highly appreciated to clarify the stated discrepancy.</p><p>We also observed significant differences in the productivity of universities. For instance, according to Merdietio Boedi et al. the University of São Paulo (USP) have produced 104 articles, But according to our findings USP published only 35 documents. Similarly, the Universitätsklinikum Münster, which was listed with 83 articles in the article, actually has a total of 29 articles. While the University of Zagreb, to which 71 articles were attributed, actually has 28 research documents.</p><p>Regarding countries, there are indeed significant discrepancies in the numbers presented. India, as mentioned, has a total of 667 articles, but the database indicated only 196. In the case of Italy, there are 532 articles, while the database lists 148. Certainly, a more in-depth analysis of these discrepancies is necessary to better understand the origin of these differences. Further investigations and clarifications are essential to reconcile these disparities in the data. Once again thanks to Merdietio Boedi et al. for their interesting work and we believe their expert opinion will truly help the common readership.</p><p>The data was retrieved from Scopus and attached as Supplementary material. the authors confirm that the data underlying the conclusions of this study are available in the article (and/or) its supplementary materials.</p><dl><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>DAE:</dfn></dt><dd>\u0000<p>Dental Age Estimation</p>\u0000</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>USP:</dfn></dt><dd>\u0000<p>University of São Paulo</p>\u0000</dd></dl><ul data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"><li><p>MerdietioBoedi R, Mânica S, Franco A (2023) Sixty years of research in dental age estimation: a bibliometric study. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 13:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00360-3</p><p>Article Google Scholar </p></li></ul><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xli","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00367-w
B. G. Chinmayi, Ashwini Kumar, M. S. Arjun
Abstract Background Ballistics deals with the study of projectile propulsion, flight, and impact in any medium. Different garment materials can have varying effects when it comes to the penetration of pellets into the body. Body armor has been around for a long time. Dhal, a curving strip of rhino hide, was possibly the first armor in India, used for sword fighting or defense against arrows and spears. It gave way to steel armor, which protected the body’s essential organs from spear and arrow strikes. The current study is primarily concerned with how jeans material, when employed as body armor, contributes to the inquiry. The present study also examines how airgun pellets fired at various ranges affect jeans clothing wrapped around gel blocks. Results The study concluded that when fired at varied ranges, there was no significant variation in the diameters of the entry holes on clothing material. The gel block covered with jeans clothing was not found to be more damaged. Conclusions The findings also indicate that pellets had larger track lengths regardless of the range from which they were fired.
{"title":"Ballistic armor—a study on the impact of air gun pellets on jean cloth","authors":"B. G. Chinmayi, Ashwini Kumar, M. S. Arjun","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00367-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00367-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Ballistics deals with the study of projectile propulsion, flight, and impact in any medium. Different garment materials can have varying effects when it comes to the penetration of pellets into the body. Body armor has been around for a long time. Dhal, a curving strip of rhino hide, was possibly the first armor in India, used for sword fighting or defense against arrows and spears. It gave way to steel armor, which protected the body’s essential organs from spear and arrow strikes. The current study is primarily concerned with how jeans material, when employed as body armor, contributes to the inquiry. The present study also examines how airgun pellets fired at various ranges affect jeans clothing wrapped around gel blocks. Results The study concluded that when fired at varied ranges, there was no significant variation in the diameters of the entry holes on clothing material. The gel block covered with jeans clothing was not found to be more damaged. Conclusions The findings also indicate that pellets had larger track lengths regardless of the range from which they were fired.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"21 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background Sex estimation gives the probability that someone is classified as a male or a female. Lateral cephalogram analysis can be used for sex estimation due to the resistance and dimorphism of the skull. Glabella has been known to have dimorphic characteristic in male and female, while nasion and sella have been widely used as a standard point in many craniometric measurements. This study aimed to develop an equation using nasion–sella–glabella (NSG), sella–glabella–nasion (SGN), and glabella–nasion–sella (GNS) angles on lateral cephalograms for sex estimation among Indonesian adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Results A total of 138 adults (aged 20–40 years) digital lateral cephalograms were taken from the dental records at Universitas Gadjah Mada Dental Hospital (108 used to form the equation of sex estimation; 30 used to test the equation), and the parameters were measured with EzDent-i Vatech. An independent t -test was used to analyze the differences in the angles between male and female adults. The equation for sex estimation was determined using discriminant function analysis. The average measurements of the NSG angles in male and female adults were 9.64° ± 1.36° and 11.21° ± 1.57°, respectively, the SGN angles were 54.65° ± 4.19° and 60.83° ± 4.13°, respectively, whereas the GNS angles were 118.33° ± 4.61° and 109.84° ± 5.19°, respectively. The independent t -test revealed a significant difference ( p < 0.05) between male and female adults. Discriminant function analysis yielded an equation for sex estimation using the NSG, SGN, and GNS angles with an accuracy of up to 75.9%, with the accuracy of sex estimation based on the testing sample being 70%. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, male Indonesian adults have a smaller NSG and SGN angles but a bigger GNS angle than female adults. Related to the accuracy, the study’s findings indicate that the discriminant function of NSG, SGN, and GNS angles for sex estimation should not be generalized in wider population. More cephalogram parameters must be investigated in future studies on sex estimation.
{"title":"Sex estimation using angular measurements of nasion, sella, and glabella on lateral cephalogram among Indonesian adults in Yogyakarta","authors":"Aini Hasibah Ningtyas, Rini Widyaningrum, Rurie Ratna Shantiningsih, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00368-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00368-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Sex estimation gives the probability that someone is classified as a male or a female. Lateral cephalogram analysis can be used for sex estimation due to the resistance and dimorphism of the skull. Glabella has been known to have dimorphic characteristic in male and female, while nasion and sella have been widely used as a standard point in many craniometric measurements. This study aimed to develop an equation using nasion–sella–glabella (NSG), sella–glabella–nasion (SGN), and glabella–nasion–sella (GNS) angles on lateral cephalograms for sex estimation among Indonesian adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Results A total of 138 adults (aged 20–40 years) digital lateral cephalograms were taken from the dental records at Universitas Gadjah Mada Dental Hospital (108 used to form the equation of sex estimation; 30 used to test the equation), and the parameters were measured with EzDent-i Vatech. An independent t -test was used to analyze the differences in the angles between male and female adults. The equation for sex estimation was determined using discriminant function analysis. The average measurements of the NSG angles in male and female adults were 9.64° ± 1.36° and 11.21° ± 1.57°, respectively, the SGN angles were 54.65° ± 4.19° and 60.83° ± 4.13°, respectively, whereas the GNS angles were 118.33° ± 4.61° and 109.84° ± 5.19°, respectively. The independent t -test revealed a significant difference ( p < 0.05) between male and female adults. Discriminant function analysis yielded an equation for sex estimation using the NSG, SGN, and GNS angles with an accuracy of up to 75.9%, with the accuracy of sex estimation based on the testing sample being 70%. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, male Indonesian adults have a smaller NSG and SGN angles but a bigger GNS angle than female adults. Related to the accuracy, the study’s findings indicate that the discriminant function of NSG, SGN, and GNS angles for sex estimation should not be generalized in wider population. More cephalogram parameters must be investigated in future studies on sex estimation.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00366-x
Carlos David Neyra-Rivera, Edgardo Delgado Ramos, Ericson Gutierrez Ingunza, Bruce Budowle
Abstract Background Y-chromosome-specific short tandem repeat markers reside on the non-recombinant portion of the Y chromosome and are paternally inherited. These properties make Y-STRs a useful tool in investigations of sexual assault and other violent crimes, paternity cases, genealogical testing, and evolutionary studies. Native populations reside in the Peruvian coast, mountains, and jungle; however, the Mestizos are the largest population group in Peru. Results Of the 290 samples, 283 distinct haplotypes were observed. Gene diversities for each Y-STR marker ranged from 0.4271 to 0.8597. The haplotype diversity for the total sample was 0.9964. Conclusions Genetic affinity was identified between the Peruvian Mestizo population and other Peruvian populations (except Jivaro, Awajun, and Shipibo-Conibo populations) and Bolivian Mestizo populations using multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic tree analysis
{"title":"Analysis of 27 Y-chromosomal STR loci of the Mestizo Peruvian population","authors":"Carlos David Neyra-Rivera, Edgardo Delgado Ramos, Ericson Gutierrez Ingunza, Bruce Budowle","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00366-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00366-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Y-chromosome-specific short tandem repeat markers reside on the non-recombinant portion of the Y chromosome and are paternally inherited. These properties make Y-STRs a useful tool in investigations of sexual assault and other violent crimes, paternity cases, genealogical testing, and evolutionary studies. Native populations reside in the Peruvian coast, mountains, and jungle; however, the Mestizos are the largest population group in Peru. Results Of the 290 samples, 283 distinct haplotypes were observed. Gene diversities for each Y-STR marker ranged from 0.4271 to 0.8597. The haplotype diversity for the total sample was 0.9964. Conclusions Genetic affinity was identified between the Peruvian Mestizo population and other Peruvian populations (except Jivaro, Awajun, and Shipibo-Conibo populations) and Bolivian Mestizo populations using multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic tree analysis","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00365-y
Shwetha Prabhu, Savitha Prabhu, Flavia Noronha
Abstract Background Child sexual abuse is one of the major issues of concern globally. Teachers and parents being the child’s primary caregivers should be knowledgeable regarding child sexual abuse. Aim of the study This study aimed to assess knowledge about child sexual abuse, determine attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse, and find the relationship between knowledge and the attitude among the teachers and parents of the children studying in selected primary schools of Udupi taluk. Methods A descriptive survey design was adopted; the study participants were 90 teachers and 50 parents of the children studying in selected primary schools of Udupi Taluk. The instruments used were demographic proforma, a structured knowledge questionnaire about child sexual abuse, and an attitude scale toward reporting it. Results Results depicted that 50% of the teachers had average knowledge and 50% had good knowledge about child sexual abuse. All the teachers reported a favorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse. Similarly, 80% of the parents had average knowledge about child sexual abuse, and a majority of 76% had a favorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse. Unfavorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse was reported by 24% of the parents. No statistically significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitude toward reporting child sexual abuse among parents (( χ 2 = 1.891, p = 0.388). A significant association was found between teachers’ knowledge scores, their previous knowledge about child sexual abuse ( χ 2 = 7.56, p = 0.006), and the existence of a school counselor ( χ 2 = 5.40, p = 0.020). Likewise, the association was found between parents’ knowledge score, educational level of parents ( χ 2 = 18.3, p = 0.019), and marital status ( χ 2 = 18.5, p = 0.005). Conclusion Child sexual abuse is one of the major issues of concern globally. Teachers and parents being the child’s primary caregivers should be knowledgeable regarding child sexual abuse. As parents are not exposed to any training regarding identifying and reporting child sexual abuse, they may have unfavorable attitudes toward reporting it.
儿童性虐待是全球关注的主要问题之一。老师和家长作为孩子的主要照顾者应该了解儿童性虐待。研究目的本研究旨在评估乌都皮塔鲁克选定小学就读儿童的教师和家长对儿童性虐待的知识，确定他们对报告儿童性虐待的态度，并找出知识与态度之间的关系。方法采用描述性调查设计;研究参与者是90名教师和50名在Udupi Taluk选定的小学学习的孩子的家长。使用的工具是人口统计形式，关于儿童性虐待的结构化知识问卷，以及对报告的态度量表。结果调查结果显示，50%的教师对儿童性侵犯知识了解一般，50%的教师对儿童性侵犯知识了解较好。所有的老师都对举报儿童性虐待持积极态度。同样，80%的家长对儿童性虐待有一般的了解，76%的家长对报告儿童性虐待持赞成态度。24%的家长对报告儿童性虐待持不利态度。家长举报儿童性侵的知识与态度之间无统计学意义的相关(χ 2 = 1.891, p = 0.388)。教师的知识得分、对儿童性侵的认知(χ 2 = 7.56, p = 0.006)和是否存在学校辅导员(χ 2 = 5.40, p = 0.020)之间存在显著相关性。父母的知识得分、父母的受教育程度(χ 2 = 18.3, p = 0.019)与婚姻状况(χ 2 = 18.5, p = 0.005)也存在相关性。结论儿童性虐待是全球关注的重大问题之一。老师和家长作为孩子的主要照顾者应该了解儿童性虐待。由于父母没有接受过任何关于识别和报告儿童性虐待的培训，他们可能对报告这件事持不利态度。
{"title":"Knowledge of child sexual abuse and attitudes towards reporting it among teachers and parents of children studying in selected primary schools of Udupi Taluk, India","authors":"Shwetha Prabhu, Savitha Prabhu, Flavia Noronha","doi":"10.1186/s41935-023-00365-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-023-00365-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Child sexual abuse is one of the major issues of concern globally. Teachers and parents being the child’s primary caregivers should be knowledgeable regarding child sexual abuse. Aim of the study This study aimed to assess knowledge about child sexual abuse, determine attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse, and find the relationship between knowledge and the attitude among the teachers and parents of the children studying in selected primary schools of Udupi taluk. Methods A descriptive survey design was adopted; the study participants were 90 teachers and 50 parents of the children studying in selected primary schools of Udupi Taluk. The instruments used were demographic proforma, a structured knowledge questionnaire about child sexual abuse, and an attitude scale toward reporting it. Results Results depicted that 50% of the teachers had average knowledge and 50% had good knowledge about child sexual abuse. All the teachers reported a favorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse. Similarly, 80% of the parents had average knowledge about child sexual abuse, and a majority of 76% had a favorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse. Unfavorable attitude towards reporting child sexual abuse was reported by 24% of the parents. No statistically significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitude toward reporting child sexual abuse among parents (( χ 2 = 1.891, p = 0.388). A significant association was found between teachers’ knowledge scores, their previous knowledge about child sexual abuse ( χ 2 = 7.56, p = 0.006), and the existence of a school counselor ( χ 2 = 5.40, p = 0.020). Likewise, the association was found between parents’ knowledge score, educational level of parents ( χ 2 = 18.3, p = 0.019), and marital status ( χ 2 = 18.5, p = 0.005). Conclusion Child sexual abuse is one of the major issues of concern globally. Teachers and parents being the child’s primary caregivers should be knowledgeable regarding child sexual abuse. As parents are not exposed to any training regarding identifying and reporting child sexual abuse, they may have unfavorable attitudes toward reporting it.","PeriodicalId":11507,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian journal of forensic sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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