Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00262
Parul Patel, Suzanne Labombarda
where different research activities are supported by the sponsor of the research or Clinical Research Organization that takes contracts from different sponsors. The role of CRA is to ensure that clinical research / trials are conducted in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. The CRA has the responsibility to verify that the rights and well being of human subjects are protected and that the reported trial data are accurate, complete and verifiable from the source documents and/ or patient charts. The CRA also has to ensure that the trial is in compliance with the most recently approved protocol.
{"title":"Clinical research associate/ clinical research or trial monitor- a career path","authors":"Parul Patel, Suzanne Labombarda","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00262","url":null,"abstract":"where different research activities are supported by the sponsor of the research or Clinical Research Organization that takes contracts from different sponsors. The role of CRA is to ensure that clinical research / trials are conducted in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. The CRA has the responsibility to verify that the rights and well being of human subjects are protected and that the reported trial data are accurate, complete and verifiable from the source documents and/ or patient charts. The CRA also has to ensure that the trial is in compliance with the most recently approved protocol.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114515575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-14DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00259
Doaa M. Hasan, A. Mounir
Schistosomiasis is a tropical prevalent chronic granulomatous disease that can affect any organ.1 Clinical manifestations of Schistosomiasis vary according to schistosoma species, such as Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum, all of which have similar lifecycles. S. mansoni and S. japonicum cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Without treatment, Schistosoma typically survives in the human body for up to 5 years, but may continue up to 40 years. Chronic infection usually results in life threatening illness due to persistent tissue damage and fibrosis caused by body inflammatory reaction to eggs found in the affected organs. Ordinarily, S. mansoni infects the intestine and liver, while S. haematobium infects the bladder, kidney and ureters. Two uncommon exhibitions of gastrointestinal Schistosomiasis are appendicitis and chronic periodic epigastric discomfort caused by mesenteric thrombosis.2 We document here a case where patient presented with acute appendicitis due to Schistosomiasis infection, established upon histopathological investigation of the excised appendix.
{"title":"Schistosomiasis presenting as acute appendicitis with mesenteric nodule filled with bilharzial ova: clinical report","authors":"Doaa M. Hasan, A. Mounir","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00259","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is a tropical prevalent chronic granulomatous disease that can affect any organ.1 Clinical manifestations of Schistosomiasis vary according to schistosoma species, such as Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum, all of which have similar lifecycles. S. mansoni and S. japonicum cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Without treatment, Schistosoma typically survives in the human body for up to 5 years, but may continue up to 40 years. Chronic infection usually results in life threatening illness due to persistent tissue damage and fibrosis caused by body inflammatory reaction to eggs found in the affected organs. Ordinarily, S. mansoni infects the intestine and liver, while S. haematobium infects the bladder, kidney and ureters. Two uncommon exhibitions of gastrointestinal Schistosomiasis are appendicitis and chronic periodic epigastric discomfort caused by mesenteric thrombosis.2 We document here a case where patient presented with acute appendicitis due to Schistosomiasis infection, established upon histopathological investigation of the excised appendix.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127170320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-22DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00257
J. A. Aragão, Lucas Dias Santos, Lucas Oliveira Silva, Lúria Cardoso Bezerra
At the present time, the study of anatomical variations is seen as an important tool in medical practice, as long as it increases the assertiveness of diagnosis and the number of surgical possibilities. The SM, as known as “rectus sterni muscle”, is considered a supernumerary structure1 located at the anterior and medial part of the thorax, near the pectoralis major muscle.2 The SM appears at about 3 to 8 per cent of global population, being unilateral in 2 to 8 per cent of the findings and having less prevalence of bilateral mode (1.7%).3 The SM was registered for the first time by Barthelemy Cabrol at 1604 and described by Du Puy, 122 years later.4–6 The study of SM provides background for doctors and other health professionals to make the correct differential diagnosis between that muscle and tumors during mammographies.1,7 Furthermore, after being informed about the SM, surgeons can use it in reconstructive breast procedures.8,9 Therefore, our aim is to report the existence of a bilateral SM at an human fetus.
{"title":"Bilateral sternalis muscle in human fetus cadaver","authors":"J. A. Aragão, Lucas Dias Santos, Lucas Oliveira Silva, Lúria Cardoso Bezerra","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00257","url":null,"abstract":"At the present time, the study of anatomical variations is seen as an important tool in medical practice, as long as it increases the assertiveness of diagnosis and the number of surgical possibilities. The SM, as known as “rectus sterni muscle”, is considered a supernumerary structure1 located at the anterior and medial part of the thorax, near the pectoralis major muscle.2 The SM appears at about 3 to 8 per cent of global population, being unilateral in 2 to 8 per cent of the findings and having less prevalence of bilateral mode (1.7%).3 The SM was registered for the first time by Barthelemy Cabrol at 1604 and described by Du Puy, 122 years later.4–6 The study of SM provides background for doctors and other health professionals to make the correct differential diagnosis between that muscle and tumors during mammographies.1,7 Furthermore, after being informed about the SM, surgeons can use it in reconstructive breast procedures.8,9 Therefore, our aim is to report the existence of a bilateral SM at an human fetus.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117298663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00256
M. Obimbo, A. Pulei, C. Omwandho, J. Ogeng’o
Background: Adaptation of the uterine artery in pregnancy involves changes in anatomy that include widening of the lumen, medial thickening, elastic lamina degradation, and smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. Early remodeling of the uterine vascular system is needed to maintain pregnancy and ensure desired pregnancy outcome. The trigger mechanisms for uterine artery remodeling are uncertain. Also unclear are the regional variations in the uterine artery in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: 10 domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) 5 in the first trimester of pregnancy and 5 non gravid were sacrificed to examine the structure of the uterine artery. The specimens were prepared for paraffin wax embedding and stained with Masson’s Trichrome, Weigert’s Resorcin-Fuschscin counterstained with Van Gieson stain and Hematoxylin and Eosin. Slides were examined with a light microscope at x40, x100, and X400 magnification. Observations made were recorded and photomicrographs taken. Results: The Uterine artery of the domestic pig in the first trimester showed marked reduction in the thickness of the tunica intima, a prominent internal elastic lamina and elastic fibres. The tunica media had hypertrophied vascular smooth muscle with zonation of the media into inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers in the proximal regions of the artery. There was also prominence of the Vasa vasorum in the adventitia of these uterine arteries that reduced distally along the artery. Conclusion: The proximal sections of the uterine artery shows unique physical- mechanical adaptation in the first trimester of pregnancy related to increased demand of blood to the feto-placental unit.
{"title":"Structural changes in the uterine artery of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in the first trimester of pregnancy","authors":"M. Obimbo, A. Pulei, C. Omwandho, J. Ogeng’o","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00256","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adaptation of the uterine artery in pregnancy involves changes in anatomy that include widening of the lumen, medial thickening, elastic lamina degradation, and smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. Early remodeling of the uterine vascular system is needed to maintain pregnancy and ensure desired pregnancy outcome. The trigger mechanisms for uterine artery remodeling are uncertain. Also unclear are the regional variations in the uterine artery in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: 10 domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) 5 in the first trimester of pregnancy and 5 non gravid were sacrificed to examine the structure of the uterine artery. The specimens were prepared for paraffin wax embedding and stained with Masson’s Trichrome, Weigert’s Resorcin-Fuschscin counterstained with Van Gieson stain and Hematoxylin and Eosin. Slides were examined with a light microscope at x40, x100, and X400 magnification. Observations made were recorded and photomicrographs taken. Results: The Uterine artery of the domestic pig in the first trimester showed marked reduction in the thickness of the tunica intima, a prominent internal elastic lamina and elastic fibres. The tunica media had hypertrophied vascular smooth muscle with zonation of the media into inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers in the proximal regions of the artery. There was also prominence of the Vasa vasorum in the adventitia of these uterine arteries that reduced distally along the artery. Conclusion: The proximal sections of the uterine artery shows unique physical- mechanical adaptation in the first trimester of pregnancy related to increased demand of blood to the feto-placental unit.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131088367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-02DOI: 10.32474/scsoaj.2019.03.000153
B. Altura, A. Gebrewold, A. Carella, N. Shah, Gatha J. Shah, L. Resnick, B. T. Altura
Vasculitis is characterized as an inflammatory disease of the body’s small blood vessels, particularly in the lungs and kidneys [1-4]. Many other organ regions are usually affected which often induces morbidity and mortality [1-4].
{"title":"Why vasculitis probably can be ameliorated with magnesium and antagonists of ceramides and platelet-activating factor","authors":"B. Altura, A. Gebrewold, A. Carella, N. Shah, Gatha J. Shah, L. Resnick, B. T. Altura","doi":"10.32474/scsoaj.2019.03.000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/scsoaj.2019.03.000153","url":null,"abstract":"Vasculitis is characterized as an inflammatory disease of the body’s small blood vessels, particularly in the lungs and kidneys [1-4]. Many other organ regions are usually affected which often induces morbidity and mortality [1-4].","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132231714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00255
Yaneva Galina, G. Ingilizova, Dobri Ivanov
Dermatoglyphs are polygenetically determined epidermal ridge configurations on the fingers, palms and soles in man.1 The ‘twin’ method is successfully used when comparing the degree of individual genetic predisposition to disease with the influences of environmental factors on human health by using qualitative and quantitative indicators.2 At presence, there are relatively few dermatoglyphic studies of hypothenar in twins in the literature available.
{"title":"Dermatoglyphic analysis of hypothenar traits in twins","authors":"Yaneva Galina, G. Ingilizova, Dobri Ivanov","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00255","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatoglyphs are polygenetically determined epidermal ridge configurations on the fingers, palms and soles in man.1 The ‘twin’ method is successfully used when comparing the degree of individual genetic predisposition to disease with the influences of environmental factors on human health by using qualitative and quantitative indicators.2 At presence, there are relatively few dermatoglyphic studies of hypothenar in twins in the literature available.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117350692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-26DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00254
Heshmat S W Haroun
Digito-palmar dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of the morphology of the skin ridges on the palms and finger pads (Figure 1 & 2). They could be visualised by methods like vacuum metal deposition and cyanoacrylate fuming method,1 carbon paper and tape method ,2 scanner method3 and inked roll method.4 Sexual dimorphism and ethnic variations of digito-palmar dermatoglyphics have been extensively reported in the literature. Higher values of finger, palm and interdigital ridge counts were assessed in Bulgarian males who also had higher frequency values of Hy, Th/III and Th/IV patterns.5 Sex-related variations in epidermal ridge breadth (thickness or density) on whole palms of Caucasian Spanish population were detected: females showed significantly narrower ridges and more ridge density than similarly-aged males.6 In Chuvashian population of Russia, obvious sexual dimorphism of digito-palmar dermatoglyphics was also observed.7,8 On the contrary, no significant sex-differences were detected in the dermatoglyphic patterns of the five endogamous populations of West Bengal, India.9
{"title":"Digito-palmar dermatoglyphics: variations and prediction of brain disorders ","authors":"Heshmat S W Haroun","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00254","url":null,"abstract":"Digito-palmar dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of the morphology of the skin ridges on the palms and finger pads (Figure 1 & 2). They could be visualised by methods like vacuum metal deposition and cyanoacrylate fuming method,1 carbon paper and tape method ,2 scanner method3 and inked roll method.4 Sexual dimorphism and ethnic variations of digito-palmar dermatoglyphics have been extensively reported in the literature. Higher values of finger, palm and interdigital ridge counts were assessed in Bulgarian males who also had higher frequency values of Hy, Th/III and Th/IV patterns.5 Sex-related variations in epidermal ridge breadth (thickness or density) on whole palms of Caucasian Spanish population were detected: females showed significantly narrower ridges and more ridge density than similarly-aged males.6 In Chuvashian population of Russia, obvious sexual dimorphism of digito-palmar dermatoglyphics was also observed.7,8 On the contrary, no significant sex-differences were detected in the dermatoglyphic patterns of the five endogamous populations of West Bengal, India.9","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125669527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-16DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00251
B. a, Danmaigoro A
Goats and sheep are among small ruminant having four chambered stomach (Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum and Abomasum) as with other mammals’ ruminant.1 They are characterized as even-toed ungulates. The histology of the wall of the small intestine differs somewhat in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, but the changes occur gradually from one end of the intestine to the other. The duodenal portion indicates the presence of submucosal mucous glands (Brunner’s glands).2 The small intestine of most domestic species is quite similar in function and histology.3 The small intestine is divided into three distinct segments from oral to aboral; duodenum, jejunum and ileum.4 The structural and functional differences in specie regions of the small intestine impart differential functional capabilities to these segments.1
{"title":"Histomorphological observation of the small intestine of Red Sokoto Goat: a review","authors":"B. a, Danmaigoro A","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00251","url":null,"abstract":"Goats and sheep are among small ruminant having four chambered stomach (Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum and Abomasum) as with other mammals’ ruminant.1 They are characterized as even-toed ungulates. The histology of the wall of the small intestine differs somewhat in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, but the changes occur gradually from one end of the intestine to the other. The duodenal portion indicates the presence of submucosal mucous glands (Brunner’s glands).2 The small intestine of most domestic species is quite similar in function and histology.3 The small intestine is divided into three distinct segments from oral to aboral; duodenum, jejunum and ileum.4 The structural and functional differences in specie regions of the small intestine impart differential functional capabilities to these segments.1","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126971919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-26DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00249
Valchkevich Dzmitry, Valchkevich Aksana
Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one of the leading problems of modern medicine. Prevention and treatment of diseases of blood vessels is the focus of many research institutes.1 The increase in the number of diseases of blood vessels necessitates the use of direct surgery. Interventions on the arteries are widely carried out for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, when radiopaque or drugs are injected into the vascular bed.2
{"title":"Anatomy of the visceral branches of the iliac arteries in newborns","authors":"Valchkevich Dzmitry, Valchkevich Aksana","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2019.06.00249","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one of the leading problems of modern medicine. Prevention and treatment of diseases of blood vessels is the focus of many research institutes.1 The increase in the number of diseases of blood vessels necessitates the use of direct surgery. Interventions on the arteries are widely carried out for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, when radiopaque or drugs are injected into the vascular bed.2","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129219036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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