Energy Procedia最新文献

Today, the world suffer from air pollution due to the presence of chemicals, particulate matters and biological materials in the air. All these elements have negative impacts on human health, environment and economy. Vehicle emissions are considered a major source of air pollution. Transportation is one of the main sources of air pollution around the world. Vehicle pollution takes two forms, the emission of greenhouse gases (global impact on the environment, global warming) and particulate emissions (local impact, deterioration of air quality). In order to tackle this problem, the solution is to encourage the development of hybrid vehicles.

This paper will shed light on a new hybrid generator topology, equipped with a photovoltaic energy conversion system, a battery with its DC / DC converter is adopted to replace the fuel cells in order to solve the problems which are: high consumption with a high cost in terms of energy. Another contribution of this work consists in the use of fuzzy logic; indeed the use of the fuzzy logic system which is used as an autonomous control device. Fuzzy logic has been used primarily to adapt control parameters in order to improve the overall robustness of the system while maintaining its stability.

Hybrid renewable electric energy generation system become essential to the most of electric networks and the stand-alone systems like the water pumping and telecommunication systems. The renewable sources usually required storage system due to change in the power outputs during the day. Due to increase in demand of using batteries, the charging process of battery system needed to be well managed through an adaptive controlled energy managing system. In this paper a standalone system using photovoltaic, wind generation, fuel cell and storage batteries are contributed in supplying the desired load and the charging balance of batteries is achieved by using AI techniques to enhance battery charging controller performance. The main goal of this paper is to design and implement an integrated smart artificial controller, this controller is responsible for controlling both the battery charge voltage using the boost converter and the other controller is to control the charging current of the battery through DC to DC converter using (ANFIS) and (GA) techniques. This study is implemented using MATLAB /Simulink and the results are presented to show the applicability and effieciency of the proposed technique.

Metaheuristic Optimization Techniques (MOTs) such as the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithms and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) can be conveniently used for reaching the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). This paper presents an enhanced control strategy for both Rotor Side Converter (RSC) and Grid Side Converter (GSC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based WECS using the ABC and the GWO algorithms to ensure the MPPT for the WECS. The control strategy for the RSC and GSC are verified via 9 MW DFIG Wind Turbine (WT) using MATLAB^TM/Simulink. The dynamic performance improvement of the DFIG depends on the appropriate choice of the optimal PI controllers’ gains. The numerical simulation results show the superiority of the proposed GWO-PI and the ABC-PI optimal controllers over the traditional PI regulators towards enhancing the DFIG system dynamic performance.

In this paper, three advanced modelling approaches will be performed to well describe the actual behavior of photovoltaic (PV) cells, in which some total solar irradiance changes are considered. The first one uses a specific solar cell provided by the Sim-Electronics tool of the Matlab software. It is used to simulate the actual behavior of PV cells instead of the conventional electrical circuit based on either single or double diodes. The second approach adopts some physical components provided by the Simscape library to reach the same above mentioned goal. The third approach uses the Simulink blocks to build the mathematical equations describing the PV cell behavior, in which some mathematical operators and functions are used. The three proposed models have the ability to predict the actual behavior of PV cells under different weather conditions. This can improve the extraction of the maximum power and contribute even to the synthesis of the appropriate controller. The performances assessment of each proposed model is established in term of the provided output power as well as the generated current and voltage.

Over the past decades, meta-heuristic optimization techniques have become surprisingly very popular due to their flexibility and local optima avoidance capability. This paper uses the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), a swarm-based technique to tune the Proportional-Integral (PI) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controllers of a grid-connected solar Photovoltaic (PV) system. The results of the PI-based Incremental Conductance (IC) MPPT technique are compared with both the conventional incremental conductance and the Perturb & Observe (P&O) MPPT techniques. Various modes of the PI controller are used. I, PI and Fractional order PI (FOPI) gain parameters are determined using WOA. Performance indices are applied to estimate the best parameters of the PI controller. This paper aims to show the effect of using PI-based MPPT controllers on enhancing the performance of a 400-kW grid-connected PV system. Simulation results show the capability of PI-based MPPT controllers on improving the performance of the PV system. It demonstrates the superiority of FOPI controllers over the other modes in enhancing system performance. The proposed work is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK.

Nowadays, efforts for substitution of fossil fuel vehicles have fixed the attention of both individual and governmental levels on seeking new sustainable energy resources. In this regard, several power sources, such as fuel cells (FCs), batteries, and gensets, have come under attention to be used in vehicles with low or zero emissions. Generally, every energy source comes with a set of challenges, which are mainly associated with the efficiency, availability, durability, and cost. This paper is going to touch on the principle of employing a modular energy system (MES), and how this principle is helping the above-mentioned sources to deal with their limitations. MESs refer to independent power sources, which can work together. The aim of a MES is to distribute the power among the components and/or to split the energy storage into several standardized modules, which leads to several economical and technical benefits. Various examples of MESs in real applications are explored, and their advantages are discussed in this manuscript. Moreover, a special attention has been paid to the prospects of employing modular FC systems coupled with a battery pack since such a system has the advantages of a MES while it has no serious environmental impacts.

Finding solutions for energy saving has become one of the most demanding issues facing almost all the governments, decision makers and stakeholders all over the world. Energy saving solutions in building industry could be applied in all the construction phases – Pre-design, design, pre-construction, construction, and post-construction. Energy management in the post-construction (operation) phase - in particular - is the key point for energy saving. This paper is focusing on employing green rating systems to guide the process of the commissioning for buildings in order to save energy during the operation and maintenance of buildings. Moreover, the research highlights on the important process that should be taken into consideration during the other phases. LEED (Leadership for Environmental and Energy Design) is suggested and discussed here in order to be employed in this regard. The LEED fundamental commissioning system is discussed briefly while a detailed explanation for the processes, tasks and responsibilities of each stakeholder in building projects is presented. Commissioning helps to review Design Documentations and make recommendations to the design team and pertaining to functionality and workability of commissioned systems. In addition, it aids to review Owner Project Requirements (OPR) and Basis Of Design (BOD). This ensures the achievement of high levels of professionalism and technicalities in the different construction phases of buildings. The paper presents at the end a designed chart for the entire commissioning processes that can aid the process of assuring energy efficiency in buildings.

In recent years, net zero or plus-energy buildings (PEB) have been widely analyzed and discussed for their benefits of increasing energy savings and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A successful transition to energy-efficient buildings must, however, develop an efficient method that examines technical, economic, environmental and social criteria. In this paper, a method for design optimization based on spatial analysis combined with multi-criteria decision-making was proposed for achieving plus-energy buildings in Algeria. To apply the proposed method, a single family residential building was chosen. First, the annual energy consumption of the building at 40 locations was evaluated and the results are then interpolated for the whole country. The best energy efficiency measures and renewable energy are then chosen using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Finally, energy balance and spatial analysis were carried out based on the geographical information system. The results showed the energy plus target was achieved in large parts of the country using a high-performance envelope, more efficient appliances and solar energy (solar photovoltaic and thermal). In addition, the southern provinces, mainly Adrar, Tindouf, Bechar, Ouargla, and Illizi, have identified the most suitable areas for setting up new buildings with an energy-plus target. In addition, applying the method will reduce the overall energy demand by 43 % and reduce GHG emissions in the country by around 23 % by 2030. Therefore, the method will have a significant impact on sustainability locally and worldwide.

This article investigates the problem of state feedback stabilisation for discrete nonlinear singularly perturbed system with time-delay which is represented by a coupled multimodel. Based on an appropriate Lyapunov function, new sufficient conditions are given as a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) that are used to get the gains of controllers. Numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The thermal performance of a Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant (PTSPP) is critical to the overall efficiency of the system. The advancement of this technologies has led to the development of steam production and efficient solution that utilizes the sun’s energy for thermal power generation. In this work a parabolic trough concentrator with aperture area of 10.8 m² was designed and evaluated in the Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn) in Tunisia. This type of concentrating solar power collector is analyzed for indirect steam generating system. Several parameters, as thermal characterization of absorber; thermal efficiency of mixed heat exchangers; thermal efficiency, concentration ratio and quantification of steam generation, were considered in order to study their effects on energy efficiency. Experimental results show that the receiver of parabolic trough concentrator extracts 552.73 W of absorbed energy. We found that the thermal energy efficiency varies from 24% to 28% for PTSPP system and reach an average concentration factor around 200. As results, the maximum value of the steam generated by parabolic trough concentrator is 8 kg/h.