Bin Pang, Guangcan Yang, Xiaoxin Liu, Yu Huang, Wanli Li, Yongqing He, Zhongyuan Shi, Zhaochu Yang, Tao Dong
Examining fuel droplet evaporation is crucial for enhancing fuel engine efficiency, conserving energy, and reducing emissions. This study utilizes experimental methods involving ultrasonic standing wave levitation and high-speed cameras to investigate the impact of temperatures and droplet properties, including initial diameter and composition, on the evaporation process. The evaporation behaviors of fuel droplets, like hexadecane and diesel, are documented across a temperature spectrum spanning 150 °C to 550 °C, with an initial droplet equivalent diameter ranging from 0.10 to 0.30 mm. The evaporation rate positively correlates with temperature and may vary by 15% to 71% between hexadecane and diesel droplets.
研究燃料液滴蒸发对提高燃油发动机效率、节约能源和减少排放至关重要。本研究利用超声驻波悬浮和高速摄像机等实验方法，研究温度和液滴特性（包括初始直径和成分）对蒸发过程的影响。实验记录了十六烷和柴油等燃料液滴在 150 °C 至 550 °C 的温度范围内的蒸发行为，液滴的初始等效直径为 0.10 至 0.30 毫米。蒸发率与温度呈正相关，十六烷和柴油液滴的蒸发率可能相差 15% 到 71%。
{"title":"Experimental Study of Evaporation Characteristics of Acoustically Levitated Fuel Droplets at High Temperatures","authors":"Bin Pang, Guangcan Yang, Xiaoxin Liu, Yu Huang, Wanli Li, Yongqing He, Zhongyuan Shi, Zhaochu Yang, Tao Dong","doi":"10.3390/en17010271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010271","url":null,"abstract":"Examining fuel droplet evaporation is crucial for enhancing fuel engine efficiency, conserving energy, and reducing emissions. This study utilizes experimental methods involving ultrasonic standing wave levitation and high-speed cameras to investigate the impact of temperatures and droplet properties, including initial diameter and composition, on the evaporation process. The evaporation behaviors of fuel droplets, like hexadecane and diesel, are documented across a temperature spectrum spanning 150 °C to 550 °C, with an initial droplet equivalent diameter ranging from 0.10 to 0.30 mm. The evaporation rate positively correlates with temperature and may vary by 15% to 71% between hexadecane and diesel droplets.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Promoting green transportation development in the context of electric–carbon market synergy can help promote sustainable transport and tackle climate change. The sharing economy has given rise to innovative and successful business models in recent years. To occupy current and potential markets, many enterprises that participate in sharing economy activities have engaged in a fiercely competitive environment. It is an important way for enterprises to generate profits and improve competitiveness by encouraging consumers’ continuous consumption or stimulating repurchase intentions. This study investigates the effects of consumer satisfaction on consumer repurchase intention (CRI) and how such effects are moderated by the consumer’s risk perception and sustainability awareness in the case of ride-sharing services, which are viewed as a mode of green transportation service. The results of a survey of 358 Chinese consumers who have used ride-sharing services suggest that transaction-based and experience-based satisfaction have positive and significant effects on the CRI of ride-sharing services. Moreover, the results indicate that consumer risk perception negatively moderates the relationships between satisfaction and CRI, while consumer sustainability awareness plays different roles depending on the type of satisfaction (transaction-based versus experience-based). Finally, implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
{"title":"Exploring the User Adoption Mechanism of Green Transportation Services in the Context of the Electricity–Carbon Market Synergy","authors":"Dong Pan, Bao Wang, Jun Li, Fei Wu","doi":"10.3390/en17010274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010274","url":null,"abstract":"Promoting green transportation development in the context of electric–carbon market synergy can help promote sustainable transport and tackle climate change. The sharing economy has given rise to innovative and successful business models in recent years. To occupy current and potential markets, many enterprises that participate in sharing economy activities have engaged in a fiercely competitive environment. It is an important way for enterprises to generate profits and improve competitiveness by encouraging consumers’ continuous consumption or stimulating repurchase intentions. This study investigates the effects of consumer satisfaction on consumer repurchase intention (CRI) and how such effects are moderated by the consumer’s risk perception and sustainability awareness in the case of ride-sharing services, which are viewed as a mode of green transportation service. The results of a survey of 358 Chinese consumers who have used ride-sharing services suggest that transaction-based and experience-based satisfaction have positive and significant effects on the CRI of ride-sharing services. Moreover, the results indicate that consumer risk perception negatively moderates the relationships between satisfaction and CRI, while consumer sustainability awareness plays different roles depending on the type of satisfaction (transaction-based versus experience-based). Finally, implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our joint environmental and energy commitments mean we must reduce the building’s energy use. Improved central heating control can play a role in how this is accomplished. There are three common control strategies: feedforward (traditional), feedback, and model predictive control (MPC). The latter two often work in parallel, where feedback uses indoor temperature sensors to adjust the supply water temperature. In contrast, the supply temperature setpoint is continuously calculated in MPC, fed with weather forecasts. The weather forecasts are often highlighted as essential ingredients in MPC, but at the same time, it is emphasized that temperature sensors are used to ensure a pleasant indoor temperature. To an outside observer, it is difficult to determine what is what in such combined control arrangements. Is energy saved because of the room sensors or because of the model? And what role do the weather forecasts play? This study quantifies the impact of the control strategy on energy use and indoor temperature. It concludes that PI-based feedback heating control saves approximately as much energy as MPC, and weather forecasts do not save significantly more energy than real-time weather data but are easier to obtain. The overall results for both control strategies align with the lower end of the result ranges of previous studies. The novelty is that the impact of weather forecasts has been studied separately and that different control strategies are compared against each other based on a model of a typical Swedish multi-family building.
我们在环保和能源方面的共同承诺意味着我们必须减少大楼的能源消耗。改进集中供热控制可以在实现这一目标方面发挥作用。常见的控制策略有三种：前馈（传统）、反馈和模型预测控制（MPC）。后两者通常并行工作，其中反馈利用室内温度传感器来调节供水温度。相反，在 MPC 中，供水温度设定点是根据天气预报连续计算得出的。天气预报通常被强调为 MPC 的基本要素，但同时也强调温度传感器的使用是为了确保舒适的室内温度。对于外部观察者来说，很难确定在这种组合控制安排中什么是什么。是室内传感器节省了能源，还是模型节省了能源？天气预报又起了什么作用？本研究量化了控制策略对能源使用和室内温度的影响。研究得出结论，基于 PI 的反馈加热控制与 MPC 的节能效果大致相同，而天气预报的节能效果并不比实时天气数据显著，但更容易获得。两种控制策略的总体结果与之前研究结果范围的下限一致。新颖之处在于，我们单独研究了天气预报的影响，并根据瑞典典型的多户建筑模型对不同的控制策略进行了比较。
{"title":"Weather Forecast Control for Heating of Multi-Family Buildings in Comparison with Feedback and Feedforward Control","authors":"Daniel Olsson, Peter Filipsson, Anders Trüschel","doi":"10.3390/en17010261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010261","url":null,"abstract":"Our joint environmental and energy commitments mean we must reduce the building’s energy use. Improved central heating control can play a role in how this is accomplished. There are three common control strategies: feedforward (traditional), feedback, and model predictive control (MPC). The latter two often work in parallel, where feedback uses indoor temperature sensors to adjust the supply water temperature. In contrast, the supply temperature setpoint is continuously calculated in MPC, fed with weather forecasts. The weather forecasts are often highlighted as essential ingredients in MPC, but at the same time, it is emphasized that temperature sensors are used to ensure a pleasant indoor temperature. To an outside observer, it is difficult to determine what is what in such combined control arrangements. Is energy saved because of the room sensors or because of the model? And what role do the weather forecasts play? This study quantifies the impact of the control strategy on energy use and indoor temperature. It concludes that PI-based feedback heating control saves approximately as much energy as MPC, and weather forecasts do not save significantly more energy than real-time weather data but are easier to obtain. The overall results for both control strategies align with the lower end of the result ranges of previous studies. The novelty is that the impact of weather forecasts has been studied separately and that different control strategies are compared against each other based on a model of a typical Swedish multi-family building.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high proportion of renewable generators are widely integrated into the power system. Due to the output uncertainty of renewable energy, the demand for flexible resources is greatly increased in order to meet the real-time balance of the system. But the investment cost of flexible resources, such as energy storage equipment, is still high. It is necessary to propose a method for determining the capacity of energy storage scientifically. An optimization and planning method of energy storage capacity is proposed. It is characterized by determining the optimal capacity of energy storage by carrying out 8760 hours of time series simulation for a provincial power grid with energy storage. Firstly, the current situation of power supply and demand for provincial power grids is analyzed. The difficulty of realizing a power balance at different time scales is analyzed. Then, the source load balancing solutions at different time scales are proposed. The difficulty of a long-term power balance can be alleviated by flexibly adjusting the power on the tie-line of the provincial power grid. And the difficulty of a short-term power balance can be met through energy storage. In addition, an optimal planning model of an energy storage system is established with the power supply cost as the objective function. The optimal capacity of the energy storage is determined by comparing the objective function of different planning schemes. Finally, a case study is carried out. It is found that flexible adjustment of interprovincial interconnection lines can reduce the maximum demand for electricity from 8.439 billion kWh to 2.299 billion kWh. At the same time, the curtailment ratio of renewable electricity can be decreased from 12.6% to 5.0% by using energy storage. However, the average power supply cost of the system gradually increases from 0.307 CNY/kWh to 0.485 CNY/kWh. It is necessary to fully tap into the various values of energy storage equipment.
{"title":"An Energy Storage Capacity Configuration Method for a Provincial Power System Considering Flexible Adjustment of the Tie-Line","authors":"Bing Sun, Zheng Zhang, Jing Hu, Zihan Meng, Bibin Huang, Nana Li","doi":"10.3390/en17010270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010270","url":null,"abstract":"A high proportion of renewable generators are widely integrated into the power system. Due to the output uncertainty of renewable energy, the demand for flexible resources is greatly increased in order to meet the real-time balance of the system. But the investment cost of flexible resources, such as energy storage equipment, is still high. It is necessary to propose a method for determining the capacity of energy storage scientifically. An optimization and planning method of energy storage capacity is proposed. It is characterized by determining the optimal capacity of energy storage by carrying out 8760 hours of time series simulation for a provincial power grid with energy storage. Firstly, the current situation of power supply and demand for provincial power grids is analyzed. The difficulty of realizing a power balance at different time scales is analyzed. Then, the source load balancing solutions at different time scales are proposed. The difficulty of a long-term power balance can be alleviated by flexibly adjusting the power on the tie-line of the provincial power grid. And the difficulty of a short-term power balance can be met through energy storage. In addition, an optimal planning model of an energy storage system is established with the power supply cost as the objective function. The optimal capacity of the energy storage is determined by comparing the objective function of different planning schemes. Finally, a case study is carried out. It is found that flexible adjustment of interprovincial interconnection lines can reduce the maximum demand for electricity from 8.439 billion kWh to 2.299 billion kWh. At the same time, the curtailment ratio of renewable electricity can be decreased from 12.6% to 5.0% by using energy storage. However, the average power supply cost of the system gradually increases from 0.307 CNY/kWh to 0.485 CNY/kWh. It is necessary to fully tap into the various values of energy storage equipment.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"32 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Riquelme-García, M. Navlani-García, D. Cazorla-Amorós
The present review revisits representative studies addressing the development of efficient Pd-based carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts for two important reactions, namely, the production of hydrogen from formic acid and the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formic acid. The HCOOH-CO2 system is considered a promising couple for a hydrogen storage system involving an ideal carbon-neutral cycle. Significant advancements have been achieved in the catalysts designed to catalyze the dehydrogenation of formic acid under mild reaction conditions, while much effort is still needed to catalyze the challenging CO2 hydrogenation reaction. The design of Pd-based carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts for these reactions encompasses both the modulation of the properties of the active phase (particle size, composition, and electronic properties) and the modification of the supports by means of the incorporation of nitrogen functional groups. These approaches are herein summarized to provide a compilation of the strategies followed in recent studies and to set the basis for a hydrogen storage system attained using the HCOOH-CO2 couple.
{"title":"Hydrogen Storage System Attained by HCOOH-CO2 Couple: Recent Developments in Pd-Based Carbon-Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts","authors":"Paula Riquelme-García, M. Navlani-García, D. Cazorla-Amorós","doi":"10.3390/en17010260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010260","url":null,"abstract":"The present review revisits representative studies addressing the development of efficient Pd-based carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts for two important reactions, namely, the production of hydrogen from formic acid and the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formic acid. The HCOOH-CO2 system is considered a promising couple for a hydrogen storage system involving an ideal carbon-neutral cycle. Significant advancements have been achieved in the catalysts designed to catalyze the dehydrogenation of formic acid under mild reaction conditions, while much effort is still needed to catalyze the challenging CO2 hydrogenation reaction. The design of Pd-based carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts for these reactions encompasses both the modulation of the properties of the active phase (particle size, composition, and electronic properties) and the modification of the supports by means of the incorporation of nitrogen functional groups. These approaches are herein summarized to provide a compilation of the strategies followed in recent studies and to set the basis for a hydrogen storage system attained using the HCOOH-CO2 couple.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"52 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gintaras Valeika, J. Matijošius, O. Orynycz, Alfredas Rimkus, A. Kilikevičius, K. Tucki
This study investigates the impact of different biofuels, such as pure hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and biobutanol, as well as their blends, on the non-energetic operational characteristics of a compression ignition internal combustion engine. The research investigations were conducted using a turbocharged direct injection compression ignition engine that was put within a Skoda Octavia 1.9 TDI automobile. Throughout the investigation, the primary emphasis was placed on analyzing energy characteristics such as power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and other related factors. The analysis involved the utilization of multiple combinations of bio-based fuels, namely four mixes of HVO with biobutanol (HVO100, HVOB5, HVOB10, and HVOB20), which were subsequently compared to fossil diesel (D100). The findings of the study indicate that the utilization of HVO100 fuel results in notable reductions in power output and mass fraction when compared to D100 gasoline. HVO100 fuel demonstrates superior performance to D100 gasoline, exhibiting a range of 1.7% to 28% improvement in brake-specific fuel consumption. Additionally, at an engine speed of 4500 rpm, the use of HVO100 fuel leads to a decrease in brake thermal efficiency of 4.4%.
{"title":"Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engine’s Energy Parameter Research Using Variable (HVO) Biodiesel and Biobutanol Fuel Blends","authors":"Gintaras Valeika, J. Matijošius, O. Orynycz, Alfredas Rimkus, A. Kilikevičius, K. Tucki","doi":"10.3390/en17010262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010262","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of different biofuels, such as pure hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and biobutanol, as well as their blends, on the non-energetic operational characteristics of a compression ignition internal combustion engine. The research investigations were conducted using a turbocharged direct injection compression ignition engine that was put within a Skoda Octavia 1.9 TDI automobile. Throughout the investigation, the primary emphasis was placed on analyzing energy characteristics such as power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and other related factors. The analysis involved the utilization of multiple combinations of bio-based fuels, namely four mixes of HVO with biobutanol (HVO100, HVOB5, HVOB10, and HVOB20), which were subsequently compared to fossil diesel (D100). The findings of the study indicate that the utilization of HVO100 fuel results in notable reductions in power output and mass fraction when compared to D100 gasoline. HVO100 fuel demonstrates superior performance to D100 gasoline, exhibiting a range of 1.7% to 28% improvement in brake-specific fuel consumption. Additionally, at an engine speed of 4500 rpm, the use of HVO100 fuel leads to a decrease in brake thermal efficiency of 4.4%.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen blending of pulverized coal in boilers is a promising technology. However, there are few studies on hydrogen blending in coal-fired boilers. In order to reduce CO2 emissions from coal-fired boilers, this study investigates the co-combustion of pulverized coal and hydrogen in a swirl pulverized coal burner by numerical simulation. Itis shown that the burnout rate of fuel is 5.08% higher than that of non-hydrogen blended coal when the percentage of hydrogen blended is 5%. The water vapor generated by hydrogen blending not only leads to the formation of a low-temperature zone near the burner outlet; it also results in a prolonged burnout time of moist pulverized coal and a high-temperature zone near the furnace outlet. The greater the amount of hydrogen for blending, the higher the water produced. When 1–3% hydrogen is blended, the water vapor in the furnace reacts with the carbon to produce a large amount of CO. When the amount of hydrogen added to the furnace is more than 3%, the water content in the furnace rises, resulting in a lower temperature at the burner outlet and a decrease in the amount of CO produced. When 1–3% hydrogen is blended, the CO2 emission rises. The CO2 emission decreased by 1.49% for 5% hydrogen blending compared to non-hydrogen blending and by 3.22% compared to 1% hydrogen blending.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation Study of Hydrogen Blending Combustion in Swirl Pulverized Coal Burner","authors":"Xiang Lin, Xin Lei, Chen Wang, Xuehui Jing, Wei Liu, Lijiang Dong, Qiaozhen Wang, Hao Lu","doi":"10.3390/en17010248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010248","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen blending of pulverized coal in boilers is a promising technology. However, there are few studies on hydrogen blending in coal-fired boilers. In order to reduce CO2 emissions from coal-fired boilers, this study investigates the co-combustion of pulverized coal and hydrogen in a swirl pulverized coal burner by numerical simulation. Itis shown that the burnout rate of fuel is 5.08% higher than that of non-hydrogen blended coal when the percentage of hydrogen blended is 5%. The water vapor generated by hydrogen blending not only leads to the formation of a low-temperature zone near the burner outlet; it also results in a prolonged burnout time of moist pulverized coal and a high-temperature zone near the furnace outlet. The greater the amount of hydrogen for blending, the higher the water produced. When 1–3% hydrogen is blended, the water vapor in the furnace reacts with the carbon to produce a large amount of CO. When the amount of hydrogen added to the furnace is more than 3%, the water content in the furnace rises, resulting in a lower temperature at the burner outlet and a decrease in the amount of CO produced. When 1–3% hydrogen is blended, the CO2 emission rises. The CO2 emission decreased by 1.49% for 5% hydrogen blending compared to non-hydrogen blending and by 3.22% compared to 1% hydrogen blending.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"105 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To realize the low-carbon operation of integrated energy systems (IESs), this paper proposes a low-carbon optimal scheduling method. First of all, considering the integrated demand response of price-based electricity and heating, an economic scheduling model of the IES integrated demand response based on chance-constrained programming is proposed to minimize the integrated operating cost in an uncertain environment. Through the comprehensive demand response model, the impact of the demand response ratio on the operating economy of the IES is explored. Afterward, the carbon emission index is introduced, and gas turbines and energy storage devices are used as the actuators of multi-energy coupling to further explore the potential interactions between the coupling capacities of various heterogeneous energy sources and carbon emissions. Finally, the original uncertainty model is transformed into a mixed-integer linear-programming model and solved using sequence operation theory and the linearization method. The results show that the operating economy of the IES is improved by coordinating the uncertainty of the integrated demand response and renewable energy. In addition, the tradeoff between the working economy and reliability of the EIS can be balanced via the setting of an appropriate confidence level for the opportunity constraints.
为实现综合能源系统（IES）的低碳运行，本文提出了一种低碳优化调度方法。首先，考虑基于价格的电力和供热综合需求响应，提出了基于机会约束编程的综合能源系统综合需求响应经济调度模型，以最小化不确定环境下的综合运行成本。通过综合需求响应模型，探讨了需求响应率对 IES 运行经济性的影响。随后，引入碳排放指标，以燃气轮机和储能装置作为多能源耦合的执行器，进一步探讨各种异质能源耦合能力与碳排放之间的潜在相互作用。最后，将原始不确定性模型转化为混合整数线性编程模型，并利用序列运算理论和线性化方法进行求解。结果表明，通过协调综合需求响应和可再生能源的不确定性，提高了 IES 的运行经济性。此外，通过为机会约束条件设置适当的置信度，可以平衡 EIS 的工作经济性和可靠性之间的权衡。
{"title":"Low-Carbon Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy System Considering Multiple Uncertainties and Electricity–Heat Integrated Demand Response","authors":"Hongwei Li, Xingmin Li, Siyu Chen, Shuaibing Li, Yongqiang Kang, Xiping Ma","doi":"10.3390/en17010245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010245","url":null,"abstract":"To realize the low-carbon operation of integrated energy systems (IESs), this paper proposes a low-carbon optimal scheduling method. First of all, considering the integrated demand response of price-based electricity and heating, an economic scheduling model of the IES integrated demand response based on chance-constrained programming is proposed to minimize the integrated operating cost in an uncertain environment. Through the comprehensive demand response model, the impact of the demand response ratio on the operating economy of the IES is explored. Afterward, the carbon emission index is introduced, and gas turbines and energy storage devices are used as the actuators of multi-energy coupling to further explore the potential interactions between the coupling capacities of various heterogeneous energy sources and carbon emissions. Finally, the original uncertainty model is transformed into a mixed-integer linear-programming model and solved using sequence operation theory and the linearization method. The results show that the operating economy of the IES is improved by coordinating the uncertainty of the integrated demand response and renewable energy. In addition, the tradeoff between the working economy and reliability of the EIS can be balanced via the setting of an appropriate confidence level for the opportunity constraints.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Pirashanthiyah, H. N. Edirisinghe, W. M. P. De Silva, S. Bolonne, V. Logeeshan, C. Wanigasekara
This paper describes a groundbreaking design of a three-phase interleaved boost converter for PV systems, leveraging parallel-connected conventional boost converters to reduce input current and output voltage ripple while improving the dynamic performance. A distinctive feature of this study is the direct connection of a Li-Ion battery to the DC link, which eliminates the need for an additional charging circuit, which is a departure from conventional approaches. Furthermore, the combination of an MPPT controller and a closed-loop fuzzy controller with a current control mode ensures accurate switching signal generation for all three phases. The meticulously tuned system exhibits a remarkably low ripple content in the output voltage, surpassing calculated values, and demonstrates a superior dynamic performance. The investigation extends to a comprehensive analysis of losses, encompassing inductor copper loss and semiconductor conduction loss. In all scenarios, the converter exhibits an efficiency exceeding 93%, highlighting its robust performance as an effective solution for PV systems.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a Three-Phase Interleaved DC-DC Boost Converter with an Energy Storage System for a PV System","authors":"L. Pirashanthiyah, H. N. Edirisinghe, W. M. P. De Silva, S. Bolonne, V. Logeeshan, C. Wanigasekara","doi":"10.3390/en17010250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010250","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a groundbreaking design of a three-phase interleaved boost converter for PV systems, leveraging parallel-connected conventional boost converters to reduce input current and output voltage ripple while improving the dynamic performance. A distinctive feature of this study is the direct connection of a Li-Ion battery to the DC link, which eliminates the need for an additional charging circuit, which is a departure from conventional approaches. Furthermore, the combination of an MPPT controller and a closed-loop fuzzy controller with a current control mode ensures accurate switching signal generation for all three phases. The meticulously tuned system exhibits a remarkably low ripple content in the output voltage, surpassing calculated values, and demonstrates a superior dynamic performance. The investigation extends to a comprehensive analysis of losses, encompassing inductor copper loss and semiconductor conduction loss. In all scenarios, the converter exhibits an efficiency exceeding 93%, highlighting its robust performance as an effective solution for PV systems.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"19 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haifeng Zhu, Ming Xiang, Zhiqiang Lin, Jicheng Yang, Xuerui Wang, Xueqi Liu, Zhiyuan Wang
This paper presents a comprehensive study based on multiphase-seepage and wellbore multiphase-flow theories. It establishes a model for calculating the rate of gas intrusion that considers various factors, including formation pore permeability, bottomhole pressure difference, rheology of the drilling fluid, and surface tension. Experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of gas intrusion under shut-in conditions, and the experimental results were employed to validate the reliability of the proposed method for calculating the gas intrusion rate. Furthermore, this research explores the transportation rates of single bubbles and bubble clusters in drilling fluid under shut-in conditions. Additionally, empirical expressions were derived for the drag coefficient for single bubbles and bubble clusters in the wellbore. These expressions can be used to calculate gas transportation rates for various equivalent radii of single bubbles and bubble clusters. The initial bubble size of intrusive gas, the transportation speed of intrusive gas in the wellbore, the rate of gas intrusion, and variations in the wellbore pressure after gas intrusion were analyzed. Additionally, a method was developed to calculate the rising velocity of bubble clusters in water based on experimental results. The study reveals that the average bubble size in the bubble cluster is significantly smaller than the size of single bubbles generated from the orifice. When the viscosity of the drilling fluid is low, the transportation velocity of the bubble cluster exhibits a positive correlation with the average bubble diameter. When the average bubble diameter exceeds 1 mm, the bubble velocity no longer varies with changes in the bubble-cluster diameter. The research results provide theoretical support for wellbore pressure prediction and pressure control under shutdown conditions.
{"title":"Study on the Mechanism of Gas Intrusion and Its Transportation in a Wellbore under Shut-in Conditions","authors":"Haifeng Zhu, Ming Xiang, Zhiqiang Lin, Jicheng Yang, Xuerui Wang, Xueqi Liu, Zhiyuan Wang","doi":"10.3390/en17010242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010242","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive study based on multiphase-seepage and wellbore multiphase-flow theories. It establishes a model for calculating the rate of gas intrusion that considers various factors, including formation pore permeability, bottomhole pressure difference, rheology of the drilling fluid, and surface tension. Experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of gas intrusion under shut-in conditions, and the experimental results were employed to validate the reliability of the proposed method for calculating the gas intrusion rate. Furthermore, this research explores the transportation rates of single bubbles and bubble clusters in drilling fluid under shut-in conditions. Additionally, empirical expressions were derived for the drag coefficient for single bubbles and bubble clusters in the wellbore. These expressions can be used to calculate gas transportation rates for various equivalent radii of single bubbles and bubble clusters. The initial bubble size of intrusive gas, the transportation speed of intrusive gas in the wellbore, the rate of gas intrusion, and variations in the wellbore pressure after gas intrusion were analyzed. Additionally, a method was developed to calculate the rising velocity of bubble clusters in water based on experimental results. The study reveals that the average bubble size in the bubble cluster is significantly smaller than the size of single bubbles generated from the orifice. When the viscosity of the drilling fluid is low, the transportation velocity of the bubble cluster exhibits a positive correlation with the average bubble diameter. When the average bubble diameter exceeds 1 mm, the bubble velocity no longer varies with changes in the bubble-cluster diameter. The research results provide theoretical support for wellbore pressure prediction and pressure control under shutdown conditions.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"127 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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