Eksperimentalna meditsina i morfologiia最新文献

A review of literature on the most significant aspects of molecular and cellular effect of hyperthermia is presented. A critical evaluation of the acceptability of several hypotheses for biochemical mechanisms of cytotoxic action of hyperthermia is made. A special attention is paid to a molecular model of thermic-induced cellular death, proposed by Roti-Roti. In conclusion it is generalized that the thermic induced changes in the chromatin are those, which are involved in realization of DNA damage and which process, if not completely, at least partially in the basis of thermic induced cellular death.

Vasopressin (VP) was administered in the lateral cerebral ventricles of homozygous rats with congenital diabetes insipidus of Brattleboro (BB) strain as well as of normal animals of Long Evans strain (LE). The following parameters were studied: the latent period for achievement of maximal pressor response in seconds (LP), absolute value of the increase in arterial pressure in comparison with the initial V mmHg (delta AP) and cardiac frequency (CF). The initial values of AP in BB were lower than those values found in LE (BB-9, 10 +/- 0.57 kPa; LE-11, 31 +/- 0.53 kPa; p less than 0.01, while CF showed higher values in BB (350 +/- 8.5 min-1); LE (321 +/- 10 min-1); p less than 0.05. VP, administered intraventricularly, induced quick transitory elevation of AP in both groups, which did not differ substantially both in respect to LP (BB-55 +/- 11 s; LE-43 +/- 6.9) and also in respect to delta AP (BB-3.64 +/- 0.34; LE-3.14 +/- 0.62). CF was not changed in BB (347 +/- 8.9), while it was slightly increased in LE (334 +/- 11). The data show that exogenously administered VP affect the central VP-dependent mechanisms for regulation of AP in the same way in both groups of rats.

Studies were carried out on male white mice to investigate the influence of cantocyans on pain both singly and in combination with the classic analgetics. The following tests were used: the test for narcotic analgetics "hot plate" and the analgetic morphine, administered subcutaneously in sub- and nonanalgetic doses (10 and 5 mg/kg of body mass respectively); the test for nonnarcotic analgetics-chemical peritoneal stimulation with 3% of acetic acid and the analgetic analgin, administered subcutaneously in a nonanalgetic dose (100 mg/kg of body mass). The results from the experiments showed that antocyans did not possess its own analgetic effect in both of the experimental models. However their combination with morphine and analgin, administered in noneffective analgetic doses, caused manifested analgetic effect of the combinations in all used doses of antocyans (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of body mass). The possibility for therapeutic usage of analgetic combinations of antocyans and narcotic and nonnarcotic analgetics is discussed.

Neuropharmacological studies with the compound 2-methyl, 3-phenyl, 3-methyltransxydroxasino-propiophenon hydrochloride with cipher PS1, were carried out on rats as well as follow-up of development of drug dependence after continuous usage of the substance. The obtained showed that the compound S1 had stimulating influence on the central nervous system of amphetamine-like type. After prolonged administration of amphetamine and the compound PS1 it was established in rats that amphetamine induced development of tolerance and occurrence of hypersensitivity during withdrawal. The compound PS1 did not cause similar changes in rats after its chronic administration.

The influence of estradiol, estriol and progesterone was studied on basic parameters of thrombocytopoiesis and thrombocytopoietic activity of plasmas of female rats. It was established that the investigated hormones increased highly the number of thrombocytes, the percentage of 75-selenomethionine incorporated in newly formed thrombocytes and the total number of megakaryocytes. Thrombocytopoietic activity of the plasma was raised considerably only in rats, injected with estradiol, but the remaining hormones did not induce significant changes in this activity. It is accepted that estradiol, estriol and progesterone stimulate thrombocytopoiesis of female rats by various mechanisms. Estradiol increases highly the formation of specific humoral regulator of thrombocytopoiesis--throbocytopoietin. The stimulating effect of estriol and progesterone is most probably nonspecific (thrombocytopoietin-independent), as the first hormone activates proliferation of megakaryocytes greatly, but the second hormone-the differentiation of these cells.

The morphological characteristics of axon terminals among a neuropil in the lower olivary complex of ground squirrels at various ages were studied by an electron microscope. The presynaptic part of the chemical synapses in the glomerular or outside glomerular position among the neuropil pf this nuclear complex were axon terminals and terminals "en passant". These axon elements participate in the formation of crash-like synapses with somatic, dendrite prickles, but also with dendrite adjuncts in the formation of complex synaptic connections. A considerable part of myelin axons and axon terminal were changed in old ground squirrels during all seasons. There were two varieties: 1. axon elements with preserved sizes and dense bodies, myelin-like figures, a large number of mitochondria and glycogen granules were found among normal organoids. 2. myelin and amyelin "spheroids" with various sizes and inner structure. The changes axon elements of the neuropil in the inferior olivary complex of ground squirrels at various ages during all seasons are physiological probably connected with the process of aging.

Lysosomes as a modeling factor of embryonal morphogenesis occupy an important place in the systemic structural and ultrastructural studies on prenatal development of man. Human embryos at the age of 6 to 10 weeks of embryonal development, obtained after interruption of normal pregnancy by the method vacuum excochleation according to Andreev. Lysosomes were investigated in cells of groups, chosen in advance, from organs with various origin and degree of cellular differentiation: neurones of the spinal cord and spinal ganglia, keratinocytes of the epidermis, epithelium of lentil vesicle, chondrocytes of Merkel's cartilage, epithelium of intestines and bronchi, hepatocytes, myoblasts, corticocytes, of coelomic fetal and definitive cortex of the adrenal, metanephros, coelomic epithelium of gonad, epithelium of Mueller's duct and Wolff's ducts, hemopoietic foci and capillary vasothelium. Lysosomes were divided into three groups: primary lysosomes, secondary autolysosomes and cytosomes. Lysosomes participate in the following processes during the course of embryonal organogenesis: 1. destruction of cells of transient embryonal organs; 2. destruction and demolition of whole cells during the course of normal embryonal development; covering with a membrane and lysis of inferior cellular organelles; 5. lysis with consecutive assimilation of cytoplasmic inclusion; lysis of secretory products.

A histological study was made on experimentally damaged ligament apparatus of the ankle joint of rabbits, treated with celestone, divided into three groups: celestone was administered immediately after the damage in the first group. Morphological changes were manifested slightly. Celestone was administered on the 20th day after the damage in the second group. A manifested chronic productive inflammatory process with hyalinization was established morphologically. The most manifested changes were found in the control group of rabbits, which were not treated with celestone. Intraarticular, administration of celestone in ligament damages immediately after trauma prevents occurrence of severe fibrous changes and contributes for functional recovery of the ligament apparatus.