Eksperimentalna meditsina i morfologiia最新文献

The morphological peculiarities of the neuropil [correction of neuropapilea] in the inferior olivary complex of young and elderly ground squirrels were studied by and electron microscope during periods of hibernation and waking. In some of the distal and middle dendrites and dendritic spines [correction of prickles] in elderly ground squirrels there were plaques, composed of electron-dense material with structure similar to postsynaptic condensations, but without presynaptic specializations of chemical synapses. The free postsynaptic-like condensations are located usually in dendrites, which fit to the cellular bodies and sprouts of oligodendrocytes, myelin sheath of nerve fibers and more rarely to astrocytes or lamellae and in single cases to neuronal perikaryon. The significance of the free postsynaptic-like condensations and their connection with age changes in the central nervous system is discussed on the basis of the comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics of the neuropil [correction of neuropapilea] in young and elderly ground squirrels during various seasons.

Some cytochemical methods for determination of monocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes were modified on the basis of manifestation of the respective marker enzymes (alpha-naphthyl-acetatesterase, naphthol-AS-D-chloracetatesterase and cyano-resistant peroxidase). The modification presented formation of economic methods by using some common reagents for identification of single esterases and peroxidases.

Changes in the cells and matrix of the joint cartilage (JC) and growing cartilage (GC) of tibias of young rats after five-fold administration of hydrocortisone in a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight were studied by routine histological and histochemical methods. Fissures occurred in JC, but its superficial layer thickened. The cells of this layer acquired the form of fibroblasts, but the reaction for proteoglycans gradually weakened and became negative. The cells in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones were involved mainly in GC. The amount of granulated endoplasmic reticulum diminished. The number of myelin-like figures was increased. Pilings of thick collagenous fibers occurred in the matrix.

The authors report on diagnosis of two cases with alveolar lipoproteinosis, using materials from transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage. Light microscopic examination of the materials showed accumulation of fine-grained substance in the alveolar cavity which was stained intensively in red after PAS reaction and toluidin blue. Heterogeneous material was established in the alveoli by the electro microscope. Noncellular components were represented by single round membranes, not large parts of tubular myelin or osmiophilic strata bodies. The cellular component was presented mainly by alveolar macrophages with not well developed lysosomal apparatus (primary lysosomes), slightly manifested elements of Golgi complex, moderately developed cytoplasmatic reticulum. Many of the macrophages had preserved phagocytic activity-presence of pino- and phagocytic vacuoles.

Pharmacological studied were made on serotoninergic drugs (5-hydroxytryptophane, metisergid and p-chlorphenylalanin) to clarify mechanisms of cymetidine-stimulating secretion of prolactin. The experiments were carried out on white male rats at two stages: the first stage, in which dose-dependent influence of cymetidine on the release of prolactin was determined; and second stage, in which studies with indicated serotoninergic drugs after their 5-day administration were made on prolactin content after treatment with cymetidine in two doses of 20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg of body mass. Prolactin content was determined in sera of male rats by a radioimmunological method. The results showed the influence of drugs--agonists and antagonists of serotonine on the release of prolactin after cymetid action and gave foundation to discuss them as a possible serotoninergic mechanism after cymetidine-stimulating secretion of prolactin. The results indicate the possibilities for clinical trial of serotoninergic drugs as correction of the side effect of cymetidine on prolactin secretion.

Estradiol, progesterone and testosterone were administered three times in the female rats of Wistar strain. Myocytes were studied in the wall of the portal vena, posterior vena cava and aorta. The used histochemical methods showed distribution of dehydrogenases, which was characteristic of predominating anaerobic oxidation in cells. They increased their activity after animals were treated with testosterone and they reduced it after treatment with progesterone. Adenosin-3-phosphatase activity was increased after administration of estradiol and was reduced after treatment with progesterone. Better manifested activity of some enzymes in the longitudinal muscular layer of the portal vena in comparison with circular layer was connected with greater functional loading of this layer. It was found to a great extent similarity in dynamics of enzyme histochemical changes in arterial and venous myocytes.

The influence of insulin on the number of thrombocytes of male and female rats as well as on the percentage of 75Selenomethionine (75Se-M) incorporated, on bone marrow megakaryocytes and thrombocytopoietic activity of the plasma was studied under normal conditions. It was established that a 3-day administration of insulin induced in both go groups of rats an increase in thrombocyte number, in the percentage of incorporated 75Se-M, in bone marrow megakaryocytes as well as in their total number and in all stages from I to IV with shift to mature cellular forms (III and IV stages). The thrombocytopoietic activity of the plasma was raised as well. In conclusion it could be said that insulin stimulates strongly thrombocytopoiesis in rats as it raises considerably the biosynthesis of its specific humoral regulator thrombocytopoietin. This effect of insulin does not demonstrate sex dependence.

The influence of IZT on nonvascular smooth musculature in experiments in vitro was studied: on isolated intestine of the rabbit, ileum of the guinea pig, an uterine horn of the rat and guinea pig, vas deferens of the rat; as well as in vivo: on an experimental model of bronchospasm of guinea pigs, induced by acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin. Isometric contractions were recorded, and in the experiments in vivo--the tonus of the bronchial smooth musculature by a piston recorder. The obtained results showed that in experiments in vitro IZT increased the dose dependent tonus of intestinal smooth musculature; inhibited predominantly at low concentrations like clonidine the contractions of vas deferens of the rat by low frequent field stimulation--0.1 Hz and its influence was weak in respect to contractions of this organ, induced by high frequent field stimulation (10 Hz); inhibited the contractions of vas deferens in response to exogenously administered NA. IZT inhibited only bronchoconstrictor effect of serotonin in experiments in vivo. It was established that the effects of IZT both in respect to the vascular and to the nonvascular smooth musculature were Ca++ dependent and were connected with pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors.

High titre antiserum was obtained by immunization of rabbits with phalacidine-concanavaline A. Specific antiphalacidine antibodies were isolated from this serum on immobilized phalacidine. It was established by testing with antirabbit globulin sera that these antibodies were of IgG class only. IgG fraction was isolated from the immune serum by ion-exchange chromatography, but specific antibodies, which represented 8% of IgG of the serum, were isolated from it by affinity chromatography. The antibodies isolated by affinity, were tested against other phalatoxines and amotoxines. The results showed that they reacted with phalatoxines, but not with amatoxines and could be used in tests for quantitative determination of phalatoxines in mushroom extracts and body fluids.