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On Superposition Lattice Codes for the K-User Gaussian Interference Channel 关于 K-User 高斯干扰信道的叠加网格编码
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.3390/e26070575
María Constanza Estela, Claudio Valencia-Cordero
In this study, we work with lattice Gaussian coding for a K-user Gaussian interference channel. Following the procedure of Etkin et al., in which the capacity is found to be within 1 bit/s/Hz of the capacity of a two-user Gaussian interference channel for each type of interference using random codes, we work with lattices to take advantage of their structure and potential for interference alignment. We mimic random codes using a Gaussian distribution over the lattice. Imposing constraints on the flatness factor of the lattices, the common and private message powers, and the channel coefficients, we find the conditions to obtain the same constant gap to the optimal rate for the two-user weak Gaussian interference channel and the generalized degrees of freedom as those obtained with random codes, as found by Etkin et al. Finally, we show how it is possible to extend these results to a K-user weak Gaussian interference channel using lattice alignment.
在本研究中,我们对 K 用户高斯干扰信道进行格高斯编码。根据 Etkin 等人的研究方法,对于每种干扰类型,使用随机码的容量与双用户高斯干扰信道的容量相差在 1 比特/秒/赫兹以内。我们使用网格上的高斯分布来模拟随机码。通过对网格的平整度系数、公共和私人信息功率以及信道系数施加约束,我们找到了获得双用户弱高斯干扰信道最佳速率恒定差距的条件,以及与埃特金等人使用随机码获得的广义自由度相同的条件。
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引用次数: 0
Phase and Amplitude Modes in the Anisotropic Dicke Model with Matter Interactions 具有物质相互作用的各向异性迪斯克模型中的相位和振幅模式
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.3390/e26070574
Ricardo Herrera Romero, Miguel Angel Bastarrachea-Magnani
Phase and amplitude modes, also called polariton modes, are emergent phenomena that manifest across diverse physical systems, from condensed matter and particle physics to quantum optics. We study their behavior in an anisotropic Dicke model that includes collective matter interactions. We study the low-lying spectrum in the thermodynamic limit via the Holstein–Primakoff transformation and contrast the results with the semi-classical energy surface obtained via coherent states. We also explore the geometric phase for both boson and spin contours in the parameter space as a function of the phases in the system. We unveil novel phenomena due to the unique critical features provided by the interplay between the anisotropy and matter interactions. We expect our results to serve the observation of phase and amplitude modes in current quantum information platforms.
相位和振幅模式,也称为极化子模式,是一种出现在从凝聚态物质和粒子物理学到量子光学等各种物理系统中的现象。我们研究了它们在包含集体物质相互作用的各向异性迪克模型中的行为。我们通过霍尔施泰因-普里马科夫变换研究热力学极限下的低位谱,并将研究结果与通过相干态获得的半经典能面进行对比。我们还探索了玻色子和自旋轮廓在参数空间中的几何相位与系统中相位的函数关系。我们揭示了各向异性和物质相互作用所提供的独特临界特征所带来的新现象。我们期待我们的研究成果能为当前量子信息平台中的相位和振幅模式观测服务。
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引用次数: 0
Entanglement Entropy of Free Fermions with a Random Matrix as a One-Body Hamiltonian 以随机矩阵为单体哈密顿的自由费米子的纠缠熵
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.3390/e26070564
Leonid Pastur, Victor Slavin
We consider a quantum system of large size N and its subsystem of size L, assuming that N is much larger than L, which can also be sufficiently large, i.e., 1≪L≲N. A widely accepted mathematical version of this inequality is the asymptotic regime of successive limits: first the macroscopic limit N→∞, then an asymptotic analysis of the entanglement entropy as L→∞. In this paper, we consider another version of the above inequality: the regime of asymptotically proportional L and N, i.e., the simultaneous limits L→∞,N→∞,L/N→λ>0. Specifically, we consider a system of free fermions that is in its ground state, and such that its one-body Hamiltonian is a large random matrix, which is often used to model long-range hopping. By using random matrix theory, we show that in this case, the entanglement entropy obeys the volume law known for systems with short-range hopping but described either by a mixed state or a pure strongly excited state of the Hamiltonian. We also give streamlined proof of Page’s formula for the entanglement entropy of black hole radiation for a wide class of typical ground states, thereby proving the universality and the typicality of the formula.
我们考虑一个大小为 N 的量子系统及其大小为 L 的子系统,假设 N 远大于 L,L 也可以足够大,即 1≪L≲N。这个不等式广为接受的数学版本是连续极限的渐近机制:首先是宏观极限 N→∞,然后是纠缠熵随 L→∞ 的渐近分析。具体来说,我们考虑一个处于基态的自由费米子系统,它的单体哈密顿是一个大的随机矩阵,通常用来模拟长程跳变。通过使用随机矩阵理论,我们证明了在这种情况下,纠缠熵服从短程跳跃系统的体积定律,但该系统由哈密顿的混合态或纯强激发态描述。我们还给出了佩奇关于黑洞辐射纠缠熵公式的简化证明,适用于一大类典型的基态,从而证明了该公式的普遍性和典型性。
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引用次数: 0
The State-Dependent Channel with a Rate-Limited Cribbing Helper 具有速率受限楔形辅助器的状态相关通道
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.3390/e26070570
Amos Lapidoth, Yossef Steinberg
The capacity of a memoryless state-dependent channel is derived for a setting in which the encoder is provided with rate-limited assistance from a cribbing helper that observes the state sequence causally and the past channel inputs strictly causally. Said cribbing may increase capacity but not to the level achievable by a message-cognizant helper.
无记忆状态相关信道的容量是在编码器从一个因果观察状态序列和严格因果观察过去信道输入的 "划线 "辅助器获得速率有限的帮助的情况下推导出来的。上述 "楔入 "可以提高容量,但不会达到信息识别辅助器所能达到的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Information Entropy Analysis of a PIV Image Based on Wavelet Decomposition and Reconstruction 基于小波分解和重建的 PIV 图像信息熵分析
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.3390/e26070573
Zhiwu Ke, Wei Zheng, Xiaoyu Wang, Mei Lin
In particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments, background noise inevitably exists in the particle images when a particle image is being captured or transmitted, which blurs the particle image, reduces the information entropy of the image, and finally makes the obtained flow field inaccurate. Taking a low-quality original particle image as the research object in this research, a frequency domain processing method based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction was applied to perform particle image pre-processing. Information entropy analysis was used to evaluate the effect of image processing. The results showed that useful high-frequency particle information representing particle image details in the original particle image was effectively extracted and enhanced, and the image background noise was significantly weakened. Then, information entropy analysis of the image revealed that compared with the unprocessed original particle image, the reconstructed particle image contained more effective details of the particles with higher information entropy. Based on reconstructed particle images, a more accurate flow field can be obtained within a lower error range.
在粒子图像测速(PIV)实验中,采集或传输粒子图像时不可避免地会存在背景噪声,这会模糊粒子图像,降低图像的信息熵,最终使获得的流场不准确。本研究以低质量的原始粒子图像为研究对象,采用基于小波分解和重构的频域处理方法对粒子图像进行预处理。采用信息熵分析评估图像处理效果。结果表明,原始粒子图像中代表粒子图像细节的有用高频粒子信息得到了有效提取和增强,图像背景噪声明显减弱。然后,对图像进行信息熵分析发现,与未经处理的原始粒子图像相比,重建后的粒子图像包含了更多有效的粒子细节,信息熵更高。基于重建后的粒子图像,可以在较小的误差范围内获得更精确的流场。
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引用次数: 0
Behavior of Correlation Functions in the Dynamics of the Multiparticle Quantum Arnol’d Cat 多粒子量子阿诺德猫动力学中相关函数的行为
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.3390/e26070572
Giorgio Mantica
The multi-particle Arnol’d cat is a generalization of the Hamiltonian system, both classical and quantum, whose period evolution operator is the renowned map that bears its name. It is obtained following the Joos–Zeh prescription for decoherence by adding a number of scattering particles in the configuration space of the cat. Quantization follows swiftly if the Hamiltonian approach, rather than the semiclassical approach, is adopted. The author has studied this system in a series of previous works, focusing on the problem of quantum–classical correspondence. In this paper, the dynamics of this system are tested by two related yet different indicators: the time autocorrelation function of the canonical position and the out-of-time correlator of position and momentum.
多粒子阿诺德猫是经典和量子哈密顿系统的广义化,其周期演化算子就是以其名字命名的著名映射。它是根据乔斯-泽赫的退相干处方,在猫的构型空间中增加一些散射粒子而得到的。如果采用哈密顿方法,而不是半经典方法,量子化就会迅速发生。作者在以前的一系列著作中研究过这个系统,重点是量子-经典对应问题。本文用两个相关但又不同的指标来检验这个系统的动力学:标准位置的时间自相关函数和位置与动量的时外相关器。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical Divergence and Paths Thereof to Socioeconomic Inequality and to Renewal Processes 统计分歧及其导致社会经济不平等和更新过程的路径
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.3390/e26070565
Iddo Eliazar
This paper establishes a general framework for measuring statistical divergence. Namely, with regard to a pair of random variables that share a common range of values: quantifying the distance of the statistical distribution of one random variable from that of the other. The general framework is then applied to the topics of socioeconomic inequality and renewal processes. The general framework and its applications are shown to yield and to relate to the following: f-divergence, Hellinger divergence, Renyi divergence, and Kullback–Leibler divergence (also known as relative entropy); the Lorenz curve and socioeconomic inequality indices; the Gini index and its generalizations; the divergence of renewal processes from the Poisson process; and the divergence of anomalous relaxation from regular relaxation. Presenting a `fresh’ perspective on statistical divergence, this paper offers its readers a simple and transparent construction of statistical-divergence gauges, as well as novel paths that lead from statistical divergence to the aforementioned topics.
本文建立了测量统计发散的一般框架。即,对于具有共同取值范围的一对随机变量:量化一个随机变量的统计分布与另一个随机变量的统计分布之间的距离。然后,一般框架被应用于社会经济不平等和更新过程等主题。一般框架及其应用显示了以下内容的产生和关联:F-发散、海林格发散、仁义发散和库尔贝-莱布勒发散(也称为相对熵);洛伦兹曲线和社会经济不平等指数;基尼指数及其泛化;更新过程与泊松过程的发散;以及异常松弛与规则松弛的发散。本文以 "全新 "的视角介绍了统计发散,为读者提供了简单而透明的统计发散量规构造,以及从统计发散通向上述主题的新路径。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient and Flexible Method for Reducing Moderate-Size Deep Neural Networks with Condensation 高效灵活的凝缩式适度规模深度神经网络方法
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.3390/e26070567
Tianyi Chen, Zhi-Qin John Xu
Neural networks have been extensively applied to a variety of tasks, achieving astounding results. Applying neural networks in the scientific field is an important research direction that is gaining increasing attention. In scientific applications, the scale of neural networks is generally moderate size, mainly to ensure the speed of inference during application. Additionally, comparing neural networks to traditional algorithms in scientific applications is inevitable. These applications often require rapid computations, making the reduction in neural network sizes increasingly important. Existing work has found that the powerful capabilities of neural networks are primarily due to their nonlinearity. Theoretical work has discovered that under strong nonlinearity, neurons in the same layer tend to behave similarly, a phenomenon known as condensation. Condensation offers an opportunity to reduce the scale of neural networks to a smaller subnetwork with a similar performance. In this article, we propose a condensation reduction method to verify the feasibility of this idea in practical problems, thereby validating existing theories. Our reduction method can currently be applied to both fully connected networks and convolutional networks, achieving positive results. In complex combustion acceleration tasks, we reduced the size of the neural network to 41.7% of its original scale while maintaining prediction accuracy. In the CIFAR10 image classification task, we reduced the network size to 11.5% of the original scale, still maintaining a satisfactory validation accuracy. Our method can be applied to most trained neural networks, reducing computational pressure and improving inference speed.
神经网络已被广泛应用于各种任务,并取得了惊人的成果。将神经网络应用于科学领域是一个重要的研究方向,越来越受到人们的关注。在科学应用中,神经网络的规模一般适中,主要是为了保证应用过程中的推理速度。此外,在科学应用中,将神经网络与传统算法进行比较是不可避免的。这些应用往往需要快速计算,因此缩小神经网络的规模变得越来越重要。现有研究发现,神经网络的强大功能主要归功于其非线性特性。理论研究发现,在强烈的非线性条件下,同一层中的神经元往往会表现出相似的行为,这种现象被称为凝聚。凝聚现象为缩小神经网络的规模,使其成为具有类似性能的更小的子网络提供了机会。在本文中,我们提出了一种浓缩缩减方法,以验证这一想法在实际问题中的可行性,从而验证现有理论。目前,我们的缩减方法既可用于全连接网络,也可用于卷积网络,并取得了积极的效果。在复杂的燃烧加速任务中,我们将神经网络的规模缩小到原来的 41.7%,同时保持了预测精度。在 CIFAR10 图像分类任务中,我们将网络规模缩小到原始规模的 11.5%,仍然保持了令人满意的验证精度。我们的方法可以应用于大多数训练有素的神经网络,从而减轻计算压力,提高推理速度。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of the Concept of Time Reversal and the Direction of Time 时间逆转和时间方向概念回顾
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.3390/e26070563
Cristian López, Olimpia Lombardi
Abstract: In the debate about the direction of time in physics, the concept of time reversal has been central. Tradition has it that time-reversal invariant laws are sufficient to state that the direction of time is non-fundamental or emergent. In this paper, we review some of the debates that have gravitated around the concept of time reversal and its relation to the direction of time. We also clarify some of the central concepts involved, showing that the very concept of time reversal is more complex than frequently thought.
摘要:在物理学中关于时间方向的争论中,时间逆转的概念一直是核心问题。传统观点认为,时间反转不变定律足以说明时间方向是非基本的或突发的。在本文中,我们回顾了围绕时间反转概念及其与时间方向关系的一些争论。我们还澄清了其中涉及的一些核心概念,表明时间反转概念本身比人们通常认为的要复杂得多。
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引用次数: 0
Coherence-Enhanced Single-Qubit Thermometry out of Equilibrium 超出平衡状态的相干增强型单ubit测温仪
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.3390/e26070568
Gonçalo Frazão, Marco Pezzutto, Yasser Omar, Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro, Stefano Gherardini
The metrological limits of thermometry operated in nonequilibrium dynamical regimes are analyzed. We consider a finite-dimensional quantum system, employed as a quantum thermometer, in contact with a thermal bath inducing Markovian thermalization dynamics. The quantum thermometer is initialized in a generic quantum state, possibly including quantum coherence with respect to the Hamiltonian basis. We prove that the precision of the thermometer, quantified by the Quantum Fisher Information, is enhanced by the quantum coherence in its initial state. We analytically show this in the specific case of qubit thermometers for which the maximization of the Quantum Fisher Information occurs at a finite time during the transient thermalization dynamics. Such a finite-time precision enhancement can be better than the precision that is achieved asymptotically.
本文分析了在非平衡态下进行测温的计量极限。我们考虑了一个作为量子温度计使用的有限维量子系统,该系统与诱导马尔可夫热化动力学的热浴接触。量子温度计在一般量子态中初始化,可能包括与哈密顿基础相关的量子相干性。我们证明,温度计的精度(以量子费雪信息量化)会因其初始状态的量子相干性而增强。我们在量子比特温度计的特定情况下分析表明了这一点,对于这种温度计,量子费雪信息的最大化发生在瞬态热化动力学的有限时间内。这种有限时间精度的提高可能优于渐进达到的精度。
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引用次数: 0
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Entropy
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