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The paradox of stress signaling in environmental disease 环境疾病中应激信号的悖论
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_16_23
Kezhong Zhang
The development of modern human complex diseases is inescapably associated with environmental challenges, such as environmental pollution, climate change, overuse of natural resources, and built environment. From a broad view, modern human complex diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer, are environmental diseases.[1] Notably, disruption or dysregulation of immunity and/or metabolism are the major events that drive the pathogenesis of environmental complex diseases. This has been consolidated by overwhelming evidence provided by the biomedical research community over the past decades. Among the signaling pathways that drive immune response and metabolic changes, intracellular organelle stress responses, particularly stress signaling originated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, play major roles in the development of inflammatory metabolic diseases or environmental diseases.[1,2] In the past decades, a large number of original research and review articles on this topic have been published. However, an important but perplex question remains: is ER or mitochondrial stress response protective or detrimental to the development of environmental complex diseases, such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? This question is raised because a big body of works showed that ER stress response or mitochondria-originated oxidative stress response contributes to or exacerbates cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, while many others observed that intracellular stress response is protective. Overviewing the literature, it becomes clear that cellular stress response, like a “double-edge” sword, plays both protective and harmful roles in the progression of inflammatory and metabolic diseases[1,3] [Figure 1]. As an indispensable defense response, the primary role of intracellular stress signaling or inflammatory response is protective, providing a survival mechanism to the stressed cells or complex organisms by helping them regain homeostasis and adapt to the stress conditions.[2,4,5] This is evidenced by the fact that major cell stress sensors are indispensable to cell physiology and survival. For example, the deficiency of the primary ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) or PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) leads to embryonic lethality.[6–8] Hepatic IRE1α-mediated stress signaling is required to prevent stress-induced fatty liver disease.[9,10] The liver-enriched cell stress senor CREBH functions as a major metabolic regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism in response to hepatic stress or energy demands.[11–14] The neuronal astrocyte-specific ER stress sensor old astrocyte specifically-induced substance (OASIS) is required to protect astrocytes from ER stress-induced cell death.[15,16] In addition, SMAD3-TGFβ inflammatory stress signaling plays a critical role in protecting blood vessel wall integrity.[17] Exp
现代人类复杂疾病的发展与环境挑战密不可分,如环境污染、气候变化、自然资源过度利用、建筑环境等。从广义上看,现代人类复杂疾病,如心血管疾病、代谢紊乱、神经退行性疾病、癌症等,都是环境疾病值得注意的是,免疫和/或代谢的破坏或失调是驱动环境复杂疾病发病机制的主要事件。过去几十年来,生物医学研究界提供的压倒性证据巩固了这一点。在驱动免疫反应和代谢变化的信号通路中,胞内细胞器应激反应,特别是来源于内质网和线粒体的应激信号,在炎症性代谢性疾病或环境性疾病的发生发展中起着重要作用。[1,2]在过去的几十年里,关于这一主题的原创研究和综述文章大量发表。然而,一个重要但令人困惑的问题仍然存在:内质网或线粒体应激反应对环境复杂疾病(如动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病)的发展是保护还是有害?提出这个问题是因为大量的研究表明内质网应激反应或线粒体起源的氧化应激反应会导致或加剧心血管和代谢疾病,而许多其他人则观察到细胞内应激反应具有保护作用。回顾文献,细胞应激反应就像一把“双刃剑”,在炎症性和代谢性疾病的进展中既有保护作用,也有有害作用[1,3][图1]。作为一种不可缺少的防御反应,细胞内应激信号或炎症反应的主要作用是保护,通过帮助应激细胞或复杂生物体恢复稳态和适应应激条件,为其提供一种生存机制。[2,4,5]主要的细胞应激传感器对细胞生理和生存是不可或缺的,这一事实证明了这一点。例如,主要内质网应激传感器肌醇要求酶1α (IRE1α)或prkr样内质网激酶(PERK)的缺乏会导致胚胎死亡。[6-8]肝脏ire1 α介导的应激信号是预防应激性脂肪肝的必要条件。[9,10]肝脏富集的细胞应激传感器CREBH是肝脏应激或能量需求时脂质和葡萄糖代谢的主要代谢调节剂。[11-14]神经元星形胶质细胞特异性内质网应激传感器old astrocyte specific -induced substance (OASIS)是保护星形胶质细胞免受内质网应激诱导的细胞死亡的必需物质。[15,16]此外,SMAD3-TGFβ炎症应激信号在保护血管壁完整性中起关键作用暴露于环境压力源细颗粒物(PM2.5)通过刺激肝脏炎症自噬反应来抵消营养过剩引起的脂肪肝疾病另一方面,由长期压力或慢性疾病引起的细胞应激信号或炎症反应是有害的。应激传感器介导的信号反应失调细胞生理过程或导致细胞死亡程序在专门的,专业的细胞类型。[2,4,5]例如,内质网应激传感器IRE1α促进巨噬细胞炎症并加剧关节炎模型的疾病进展在动脉粥样硬化模型中,胆固醇超载诱导perk介导的未折叠蛋白反应,导致内质网应激相关巨噬细胞死亡。[20,21]图1:环境复杂疾病中的应激反应悖论综上所述,应激信号的功能悖论体现在以下几个场景中:(1)保护和重塑应激细胞或生物体免受应激源造成的损伤。这是内质网应激、氧化应激或炎症反应的主要作用。应激反应的保护作用发生在应激挑战的早期阶段。然而,当应激反应帮助细胞适应并在应激条件下生存时,它们将细胞转化为一种新的状态,这种状态很容易受到进一步的应激挑战。当应激条件延长到一个转折点时,应激反应就会转变为一种杀伤信号,驱动细胞死亡程序。(2)内质网应激、氧化应激或炎症反应可作为下游效应信号被疾病条件诱导。在这种情况下,应激反应作为一种有害信号,加剧了疾病状况。
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引用次数: 0
Inflammatory response in Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients treated using raw liquid extract of Morinda lucida (Oowo) leaf in some traditional homes in Nigeria 在尼日利亚的一些传统家庭中,使用桑蚕叶的原始液体提取物治疗恶性疟原虫感染患者的炎症反应
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_5_23
MathewFolaranmi Olaniyan, TolulopeBusayo Olaniyan
Study Background: Morinda lucida is a medicinal plant used in Nigeria for Plasmodium falciparum infection treatment due to its phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities. Traditional medicine is accepted in Nigeria for its effectiveness. The plant’s various parts treat fever, malaria, diabetes, ulcers, and gonorrhea. It contains alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthraquinols, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and glycosides. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response in P. falciparum-infected patients treated with the raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves in traditional homes in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in ten traditional homes in Saki, Nigeria. Fifty P. falciparum-infected participants receiving treatment in traditional homes were recruited, along with 50 participants receiving conventional malaria treatment in hospitals and 50 noninfected participants as controls. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of parasite density by microscopy, plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels by ELISA. The raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves was prepared and administered to the patients. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the results among the different groups. Results: The results showed a significant difference in plasma IL-10, TNF-α levels, and parasite density across the different groups. Treatment with the raw liquid extract led to a decrease in plasma IL-10 levels and an increase in plasma TNF-α levels and parasite density in the infected patients. No significant difference was observed between traditional home and hospital patients in terms of IL-10 levels and parasite density. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves may modulate the inflammatory response in P. falciparum-infected patients. Further studies are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of this plant in the treatment of malaria.
研究背景:桑椹是尼日利亚一种用于治疗恶性疟原虫感染的药用植物,其化学成分和抗氧化活性显著。传统医学因其有效性在尼日利亚被接受。这种植物的不同部位可以治疗发烧、疟疾、糖尿病、溃疡和淋病。它含有生物碱、蒽醌类、蒽醌类、类固醇、萜类、单宁类、皂苷类、黄酮类、酚类和苷类。目的:研究尼日利亚传统家庭中透明分枝杆菌叶原液提取物对恶性疟原虫感染患者的炎症反应。材料和方法:本研究在尼日利亚Saki的十个传统家庭中进行。招募了50名在传统家庭接受治疗的恶性疟原虫感染者,以及50名在医院接受传统疟疾治疗的参与者和50名未感染的参与者作为对照。采集血样镜检测定寄生虫密度,ELISA法测定血浆白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)水平。制备了鲜露菌叶的生液提取物,并给药于患者。对不同组间结果进行统计学分析比较。结果:各组大鼠血浆IL-10、TNF-α水平及寄生虫密度差异有统计学意义。用原液提取物治疗导致感染患者血浆IL-10水平降低,血浆TNF-α水平和寄生虫密度升高。传统家庭和医院患者在IL-10水平和寄生虫密度方面无显著差异。结论:研究结果提示,透明叶生液提取物可调节恶性疟原虫感染患者的炎症反应。需要进一步的研究来探索这种植物在治疗疟疾方面的治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries among people consuming water in urban Vadodara: A cross-sectional study 瓦多达拉城市饮水人群氟斑牙和龋齿患病率:一项横断面研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_22_22
Sangita Patel, R. Khokhariya, Jagruti Y. Rathod, Deya Chatterji, Jesal Patel
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引用次数: 0
Wind turbines: Vacated/abandoned homes – Exploring research participants' descriptions of adverse health effects and medical diagnoses provided by their physicians and physician specialists 风力涡轮机:空置/废弃的家园-探索研究参与者对不良健康影响的描述和他们的医生和医师专家提供的医疗诊断
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_1_23
CarmenM Krogh, RobertY McMurtry, WilliamB Johnson, Mariana Alves-Pereira, JerryL Punch, Anne Dumbrille, Debra Hughes, Linda Rogers, RobertW Rand, Lorrie Gillis
Introduction: The risk of harm associated with living within 10 km of industrial wind turbines (IWTs) is unresolved and continues to be debated internationally. While sources such as judicial proceedings, scientific literature, social media, and Internet websites report that some neighbors contemplate leaving their homes, research on this topic is limited. This study continues to explore why they contemplated such a housing decision. Methodology: The ethics-reviewed study used the qualitative Grounded Theory (GT) methodology and interviewed 67 consenting participants, 18 years or older, who had previously lived, or were currently living, within 10 km of IWTs. Audio files were transcribed to text and the data were coded and analyzed using NVivo Pro (v. 12.6) software. Objectives: The objective of this manuscript is to explore participants’ descriptions of their medical diagnoses provided by their physicians and physician specialists. Results: Data analysis revealed primary and subthemes associated with environmental interference and altered living conditions. Of the 67 participants, eight described their diagnoses of medical conditions as given by their physicians and physician specialists. Descriptions of conversations with participants’ health-care providers were also surveyed. Discussion: Medical diagnoses, descriptions of comments by health practitioners and the commonality of globally reported adverse health effects (AHEs), support the potential risk of locating IWTs near residential areas. It is recommended that members of the public, government authorities, policy makers, researchers, health practitioners, and social scientists with an interest in health policy and disease prevention acknowledge this risk and advocate for the immediate, effective, and timely resolution for affected neighbors. Conclusions: The GT methodology was used to develop a substantive theory regarding the housing decisions of participants living within 10 km of a Wind Power Plant. Results from the interviews indicate that these decisions were motivated by the potential for, or the experience of, AHEs which they attributed to living in proximity to these installations.
导言:居住在工业风力涡轮机(IWTs) 10公里范围内的危害风险尚未得到解决,并继续在国际上进行辩论。虽然司法程序、科学文献、社交媒体和互联网网站等来源报道说,一些邻居考虑离开家,但对这一主题的研究有限。本研究继续探讨他们为什么考虑这样的住房决定。方法:伦理审查研究使用定性扎根理论(GT)方法,并采访了67名18岁或以上的同意参与者,他们以前居住或目前居住在iwt 10公里范围内。将音频文件转录为文本,使用NVivo Pro (v. 12.6)软件对数据进行编码和分析。目的:这份手稿的目的是探讨参与者对他们的医生和医师专家提供的医疗诊断的描述。结果:数据分析揭示了与环境干扰和生活条件改变相关的主要和次要主题。在67名参与者中,有8人描述了他们的医疗状况诊断是由他们的医生和内科专家给出的。还调查了与参与者的保健提供者对话的描述。讨论:医疗诊断、卫生从业人员评论的描述以及全球报告的不良健康影响的共性,都支持在居民区附近设置内流医院的潜在风险。建议对卫生政策和疾病预防感兴趣的公众、政府当局、政策制定者、研究人员、卫生从业人员和社会科学家认识到这种风险,并倡导为受影响的邻居立即、有效和及时地解决问题。结论:GT方法用于开发关于居住在风力发电厂10公里范围内的参与者的住房决策的实质性理论。访谈的结果表明,这些决定的动机是潜在的,或经验,他们认为,他们住在这些设施附近。
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引用次数: 0
Association between the concentrations of some toxic metals and the risk of uterine fibroids among Nigerian women 尼日利亚妇女中某些有毒金属浓度与子宫肌瘤风险之间的关系
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_18_22
Mathias Abiodun Emokpae, FatimohBukola Kareem
Background: Uterine fibroids are a major health challenge to some women in the world, especially women of African descendants. The etiology of uterine fibroids and the mechanisms of their growth are not fully understood, and those factors that make women to be susceptible to fibroid development are subjects of investigation. Environmental toxicants such as toxic metals exposure have been implicated, but the results have not been consistent. This study seeks to determine the association between blood cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) levels and the risk of uterine fibroids among women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: This case–control study comprised 100 women of reproductive age (age range, 20–50 years) with uterine fibroid and 50 age-matched women without uterine fibroids. Fibroids were diagnosed using abdominal scan by attending physicians. Furthermore, the control subjects were screened for fibroids using abnormal scan. Blood Cd, As, and Pb were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the risk of association was calculated. Results: The mean blood Cd, As, and Pb were significantly higher (P < 0.001) among women with fibroid than those without fibroid (controls). The odds ratio for Cd 2.62 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.05), As 1.02 (CI: 0.02–0.030), and Pb 1.42 (CI: 0.04–0.129) was greater among women with uterine fibroids than controls. Conclusions: Exposure to cadmium and lead might be a risk factor for developing uterine fibroids among Nigerian women.
背景:子宫肌瘤是世界上一些妇女的主要健康挑战,特别是非洲裔妇女。子宫肌瘤的病因及其生长机制尚不完全清楚,那些使妇女易患子宫肌瘤的因素是研究的对象。环境有毒物质,如有毒金属暴露也有牵连,但结果并不一致。本研究旨在确定育龄妇女血液中镉(Cd)、砷(As)和铅(Pb)水平与子宫肌瘤风险之间的关系。材料与方法:本病例对照研究纳入100名育龄妇女(年龄范围:20-50岁)子宫肌瘤和50名年龄匹配的无子宫肌瘤妇女。肌瘤由主治医生通过腹部扫描诊断。此外,对照组使用异常扫描筛查肌瘤。采用原子吸收分光光度计测定血Cd、As、Pb,并计算关联风险。结果:有肌瘤的妇女血Cd、As、Pb的平均值明显高于无肌瘤的妇女(对照组)(P < 0.001)。子宫肌瘤患者的比值比Cd为2.62(可信区间[CI]: 0.02-0.05)、As为1.02(可信区间[CI]: 0.02-0.030)、Pb为1.42(可信区间:0.04-0.129)均高于对照组。结论:接触镉和铅可能是尼日利亚妇女发生子宫肌瘤的危险因素。
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引用次数: 0
The clinical significance of serum complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 and complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎患者血清补体成分1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3及补体成分1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白9水平的临床意义
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_19_22
Xin Li, Yuan Wang, Xiaoxia Jia, Jing Ke, Baoyu Zhang, Yan Wang
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the expression of serum complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) and CTRP9 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and further explore their correlation with disease activity and the predictive value of RA. Methods: RA group (n = 60) and healthy group (n = 60) were enrolled in Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University. We collected the clinical data, including the basic information, laboratory parameters as well as the Disease Activity Score using 28 joint counts (DAS28) scores, and measured the expression of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 in two groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To analyze the correlation between serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 and RA. We explored the predictive value of the serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 for RA. Results: Compared to the healthy group, the expression of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 was higher in the RA group (P < 0.05). Except rheumatoid factor (serum CTRP9: r = −0.310, P = 0.018), and immunoglobulin (serum CTRP9: r = 0.338, P = 0.010), platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, DAS28, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, etc., of RA patients were not related to the levels of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9. The best cutoff value of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 was 31.66 and 34.39 ng/ml, respectively. In terms of sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy, compared with single detection of serum CTRP3 or CTRP9, combined detection has more predictive value for RA. Conclusion: CTRP3 and CTRP9 may become two candidate biomarkers for RA. The serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 may have certain predictive values for RA.
目的:评价血清补体成分1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3 (CTRP3)和CTRP9在类风湿关节炎(RA)患者中的表达,进一步探讨其与疾病活动度的相关性及对RA的预测价值。方法:选取首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院RA组(n = 60)和健康组(n = 60)。我们收集临床资料,包括基本信息、实验室参数和疾病活动度评分(DAS28)评分,并采用酶联免疫吸附法测定两组患者血清CTRP3和CTRP9的表达。分析血清CTRP3、CTRP9与RA的相关性。探讨血清CTRP3和CTRP9对RA的预测价值。结果:与健康组比较,RA组血清CTRP3、CTRP9表达明显升高(P < 0.05)。RA患者除类风湿因子(血清CTRP9: r = - 0.310, P = 0.018)、免疫球蛋白(血清CTRP9: r = 0.338, P = 0.010)外,血小板、红细胞沉降率、c反应蛋白、DAS28、抗环氨酸肽抗体、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白等与血清CTRP3、CTRP9水平无关。血清CTRP3和CTRP9的最佳临界值分别为31.66和34.39 ng/ml。在敏感性、阴性预测值和准确性方面,与单独检测血清CTRP3或CTRP9相比,联合检测对RA的预测价值更高。结论:CTRP3和CTRP9可能成为RA的两种候选生物标志物。血清CTRP3和CTRP9可能对RA有一定的预测价值。
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引用次数: 0
Mini review: Hyperglycemia in ischemic stroke 简要回顾:缺血性卒中中的高血糖
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_26_22
Honglian Duan, Wesley Kohls, Roxanne Ilagan, Xiaokun Geng, Yuchuan Ding
The impact of stroke, currently the second leading cause of death worldwide, continues to worsen, and even those that survive can have persistent neurological deficits. A potentially significant implication may be due to hyperglycemia, found in one-third of all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. However, prior studies reported conflicting information about the impact of hyperglycemia on poststroke prognosis, likely due to different measurements of stress-induced hyperglycemia. The glucose-to-glycated hemoglobin ratio is an index of stress-induced hyperglycemia after AIS that better quantifies acute changes in blood glucose, as opposed to absolute variations in glucose levels. Moderate blood glucose reductions might counteract the negative effects of hyperglycemia and glycemic control medications can also play a role in neuroprotection. The liver is the main organ that functions to maintain energy and glucose metabolism and the effects of AIS can reach far peripheral organs, including the liver. In this review, we highlighted the mechanism responsible for acute poststroke hyperglycemia, a hepatic inflammatory pathway that results in hepatic gluconeogenesis and reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. Hepatitis cascades lead to hepatic gluconeogenesis, and targeted therapy with antihyperglycemic drugs has the potential to improve stroke prognosis and recovery.
中风是目前世界上第二大死亡原因,其影响继续恶化,即使那些存活下来的人也可能有持续的神经功能缺陷。一个潜在的重大影响可能是由于高血糖,在三分之一的急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者中发现。然而,先前的研究报告了关于高血糖对卒中后预后影响的相互矛盾的信息,可能是由于不同的应激性高血糖测量。葡萄糖与糖化血红蛋白比率是AIS后应激性高血糖的一个指标,它能更好地量化血糖的急性变化,而不是葡萄糖水平的绝对变化。适度的血糖降低可以抵消高血糖的负面影响,血糖控制药物也可以起到神经保护的作用。肝脏是维持能量和葡萄糖代谢的主要器官,AIS的作用可远及外周器官,包括肝脏。在这篇综述中,我们强调了急性卒中后高血糖的机制,这是一种肝脏炎症途径,可导致肝脏糖异生和肝脏胰岛素敏感性降低。肝炎级联导致肝脏糖异生,抗高血糖药物靶向治疗有可能改善脑卒中预后和恢复。
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引用次数: 0
A case of fatal liver failure due to chronic environmental exposure of copper in a child 儿童慢性铜环境暴露致致命性肝功能衰竭病例
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_21_22
Utpal Sutaria, Rohan M. Modi, Aarti Solanki, Nehali Patel
Chronic liver damage followed by copper toxicity is very rare in pediatric population. This case report describes a 9-year-old child with acute liver failure as the presentation of copper toxicity due to chronic environmental exposure as a part of an occupational hazard. If not intervened in the early stage, the outcome is always lethal. Therefore, it is recommended to rule out heavy metal toxicity like copper as a cause of liver damage for any case of acute or chronic liver failure after ruling out the common infectious and inflammatory causes.
慢性肝损伤后铜中毒是非常罕见的儿童人口。本病例报告描述了一名9岁儿童急性肝功能衰竭,表现为铜中毒,由于慢性环境暴露作为职业危害的一部分。如果不及早干预,结果总是致命的。因此,对于任何急性或慢性肝功能衰竭病例,在排除常见的感染和炎症原因后,建议排除铜等重金属毒性作为肝损伤的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and neurological manifestations: Points to ponder 2019冠状病毒感染和神经系统表现:值得思考的问题
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_11_22
S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the dynamics of health care once for all, and we have to continue to mount an unprecedented response to eventually defeat the novel virus pandemic. A wide range of neurological manifestations have been reported among pediatric and adult patients with COVID-19 infection both during and after the patient has recovered from the illness. In terms of preexisting neurological conditions, people with these illnesses are not only vulnerable to acquire the novel viral infection, but at the same time are prone to experience an exacerbation of their preexisting illnesses, and also have poor treatment outcomes, including death. To conclude, a wide range of acute and postacute neurological manifestations have been attributed to the COVID-19 infection worldwide. This calls for the need to create awareness among health-care professionals about neurological symptoms and complications in the post-COVID period.
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行彻底改变了卫生保健的动态,我们必须继续采取前所未有的应对措施,最终战胜这种新型病毒大流行。据报道,在儿童和成人COVID-19感染患者中,无论是在患者康复期间还是康复后,都出现了广泛的神经系统表现。就先前存在的神经系统疾病而言,患有这些疾病的人不仅容易获得新型病毒感染,同时也容易经历原有疾病的恶化,而且治疗效果也很差,包括死亡。总之,在世界范围内,COVID-19感染可导致多种急性和急性后神经系统症状。这就需要提高卫生保健专业人员对covid - 19后时期神经系统症状和并发症的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Awareness and practices regarding biomedical waste management among housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital in Western India 印度西部一家三级保健医院的家政人员对生物医学废物管理的认识和做法
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_15_22
H. Pandve, Shruti Gaikwad, Bhagyashri Bhure, Varsha Kadam, Jilu Justin
Background: The World Health Organization biomedical waste guidelines of 2004 emphasizes the importance of the “human factor” over technology and equipment. Housekeeping staff members are directly involved in the collection, transport, and disposal of biomedical waste and are at high risk of acquiring infections. At the same time, they are usually unskilled, uneducated, and have little to no knowledge about the segregation and disposal of biomedical waste, which further compounds their health risk. Objective: To assess the awareness and practices regarding biomedical waste management in housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 housekeeping staff members of a tertiary teaching hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, from February to April 2022. A semi-structured, pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge of the study participants was scored on a scale of 0–10 and the median score of all the study participants was taken as a cutoff for determining good and poor knowledge. The data were entered into MS Excel 2010 and analyzed using IBM SPSS software 16-trial version. The Chi-square test was used as a test of significance. Results: In the present study, 73% of study participants had good knowledge regarding biomedical waste management. All the participants (100%) were following appropriate practices regarding biomedical waste management. Age and experience were found to be significantly associated with knowledge regarding biomedical waste management (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a gap in the knowledge regarding biomedical waste management among the study subjects which needs to be addressed through repeated and diligent training exercises.
背景:2004年世界卫生组织《生物医学废物准则》强调了"人为因素"对技术和设备的重要性。家政人员直接参与生物医学废物的收集、运输和处置,感染的风险很高。与此同时,他们通常没有技能,没有受过教育,对生物医学废物的分离和处置知之甚少,这进一步加剧了他们的健康风险。目的:了解某三级医院家政人员对生物医学废物管理的认识和做法。研究对象和方法:在2022年2月至4月期间,对马哈拉施特拉邦浦那一家三级教学医院的100名家政人员进行了横断面研究。采用半结构化、预测问卷进行数据收集。研究参与者的知识在0-10的范围内得分,所有研究参与者的中位数得分被作为确定知识好坏的截止点。数据录入MS Excel 2010,使用IBM SPSS软件16试用版进行分析。采用卡方检验作为显著性检验。结果:在本研究中,73%的研究参与者对生物医学废物管理有良好的了解。所有参与者(100%)都遵循了有关生物医学废物管理的适当做法。年龄和经验与生物医学废物管理知识显著相关(P < 0.05)。结论:研究对象在生物医学废物管理知识方面存在差距,需要通过反复和勤奋的培训来解决这一问题。
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引用次数: 1
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Environmental Disease
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