The development of modern human complex diseases is inescapably associated with environmental challenges, such as environmental pollution, climate change, overuse of natural resources, and built environment. From a broad view, modern human complex diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer, are environmental diseases.[1] Notably, disruption or dysregulation of immunity and/or metabolism are the major events that drive the pathogenesis of environmental complex diseases. This has been consolidated by overwhelming evidence provided by the biomedical research community over the past decades. Among the signaling pathways that drive immune response and metabolic changes, intracellular organelle stress responses, particularly stress signaling originated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, play major roles in the development of inflammatory metabolic diseases or environmental diseases.[1,2] In the past decades, a large number of original research and review articles on this topic have been published. However, an important but perplex question remains: is ER or mitochondrial stress response protective or detrimental to the development of environmental complex diseases, such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? This question is raised because a big body of works showed that ER stress response or mitochondria-originated oxidative stress response contributes to or exacerbates cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, while many others observed that intracellular stress response is protective. Overviewing the literature, it becomes clear that cellular stress response, like a “double-edge” sword, plays both protective and harmful roles in the progression of inflammatory and metabolic diseases[1,3] [Figure 1]. As an indispensable defense response, the primary role of intracellular stress signaling or inflammatory response is protective, providing a survival mechanism to the stressed cells or complex organisms by helping them regain homeostasis and adapt to the stress conditions.[2,4,5] This is evidenced by the fact that major cell stress sensors are indispensable to cell physiology and survival. For example, the deficiency of the primary ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) or PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) leads to embryonic lethality.[6–8] Hepatic IRE1α-mediated stress signaling is required to prevent stress-induced fatty liver disease.[9,10] The liver-enriched cell stress senor CREBH functions as a major metabolic regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism in response to hepatic stress or energy demands.[11–14] The neuronal astrocyte-specific ER stress sensor old astrocyte specifically-induced substance (OASIS) is required to protect astrocytes from ER stress-induced cell death.[15,16] In addition, SMAD3-TGFβ inflammatory stress signaling plays a critical role in protecting blood vessel wall integrity.[17] Exp
现代人类复杂疾病的发展与环境挑战密不可分，如环境污染、气候变化、自然资源过度利用、建筑环境等。从广义上看，现代人类复杂疾病，如心血管疾病、代谢紊乱、神经退行性疾病、癌症等，都是环境疾病值得注意的是，免疫和/或代谢的破坏或失调是驱动环境复杂疾病发病机制的主要事件。过去几十年来，生物医学研究界提供的压倒性证据巩固了这一点。在驱动免疫反应和代谢变化的信号通路中，胞内细胞器应激反应，特别是来源于内质网和线粒体的应激信号，在炎症性代谢性疾病或环境性疾病的发生发展中起着重要作用。[1,2]在过去的几十年里，关于这一主题的原创研究和综述文章大量发表。然而，一个重要但令人困惑的问题仍然存在:内质网或线粒体应激反应对环境复杂疾病(如动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病)的发展是保护还是有害?提出这个问题是因为大量的研究表明内质网应激反应或线粒体起源的氧化应激反应会导致或加剧心血管和代谢疾病，而许多其他人则观察到细胞内应激反应具有保护作用。回顾文献，细胞应激反应就像一把“双刃剑”，在炎症性和代谢性疾病的进展中既有保护作用，也有有害作用[1,3][图1]。作为一种不可缺少的防御反应，细胞内应激信号或炎症反应的主要作用是保护，通过帮助应激细胞或复杂生物体恢复稳态和适应应激条件，为其提供一种生存机制。[2,4,5]主要的细胞应激传感器对细胞生理和生存是不可或缺的，这一事实证明了这一点。例如，主要内质网应激传感器肌醇要求酶1α (IRE1α)或prkr样内质网激酶(PERK)的缺乏会导致胚胎死亡。[6-8]肝脏ire1 α介导的应激信号是预防应激性脂肪肝的必要条件。[9,10]肝脏富集的细胞应激传感器CREBH是肝脏应激或能量需求时脂质和葡萄糖代谢的主要代谢调节剂。[11-14]神经元星形胶质细胞特异性内质网应激传感器old astrocyte specific -induced substance (OASIS)是保护星形胶质细胞免受内质网应激诱导的细胞死亡的必需物质。[15,16]此外，SMAD3-TGFβ炎症应激信号在保护血管壁完整性中起关键作用暴露于环境压力源细颗粒物(PM2.5)通过刺激肝脏炎症自噬反应来抵消营养过剩引起的脂肪肝疾病另一方面，由长期压力或慢性疾病引起的细胞应激信号或炎症反应是有害的。应激传感器介导的信号反应失调细胞生理过程或导致细胞死亡程序在专门的，专业的细胞类型。[2,4,5]例如，内质网应激传感器IRE1α促进巨噬细胞炎症并加剧关节炎模型的疾病进展在动脉粥样硬化模型中，胆固醇超载诱导perk介导的未折叠蛋白反应，导致内质网应激相关巨噬细胞死亡。[20,21]图1:环境复杂疾病中的应激反应悖论综上所述，应激信号的功能悖论体现在以下几个场景中:(1)保护和重塑应激细胞或生物体免受应激源造成的损伤。这是内质网应激、氧化应激或炎症反应的主要作用。应激反应的保护作用发生在应激挑战的早期阶段。然而，当应激反应帮助细胞适应并在应激条件下生存时，它们将细胞转化为一种新的状态，这种状态很容易受到进一步的应激挑战。当应激条件延长到一个转折点时，应激反应就会转变为一种杀伤信号，驱动细胞死亡程序。(2)内质网应激、氧化应激或炎症反应可作为下游效应信号被疾病条件诱导。在这种情况下，应激反应作为一种有害信号，加剧了疾病状况。
{"title":"The paradox of stress signaling in environmental disease","authors":"Kezhong Zhang","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_16_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_16_23","url":null,"abstract":"The development of modern human complex diseases is inescapably associated with environmental challenges, such as environmental pollution, climate change, overuse of natural resources, and built environment. From a broad view, modern human complex diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer, are environmental diseases.[1] Notably, disruption or dysregulation of immunity and/or metabolism are the major events that drive the pathogenesis of environmental complex diseases. This has been consolidated by overwhelming evidence provided by the biomedical research community over the past decades. Among the signaling pathways that drive immune response and metabolic changes, intracellular organelle stress responses, particularly stress signaling originated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, play major roles in the development of inflammatory metabolic diseases or environmental diseases.[1,2] In the past decades, a large number of original research and review articles on this topic have been published. However, an important but perplex question remains: is ER or mitochondrial stress response protective or detrimental to the development of environmental complex diseases, such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? This question is raised because a big body of works showed that ER stress response or mitochondria-originated oxidative stress response contributes to or exacerbates cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, while many others observed that intracellular stress response is protective. Overviewing the literature, it becomes clear that cellular stress response, like a “double-edge” sword, plays both protective and harmful roles in the progression of inflammatory and metabolic diseases[1,3] [Figure 1]. As an indispensable defense response, the primary role of intracellular stress signaling or inflammatory response is protective, providing a survival mechanism to the stressed cells or complex organisms by helping them regain homeostasis and adapt to the stress conditions.[2,4,5] This is evidenced by the fact that major cell stress sensors are indispensable to cell physiology and survival. For example, the deficiency of the primary ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) or PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) leads to embryonic lethality.[6–8] Hepatic IRE1α-mediated stress signaling is required to prevent stress-induced fatty liver disease.[9,10] The liver-enriched cell stress senor CREBH functions as a major metabolic regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism in response to hepatic stress or energy demands.[11–14] The neuronal astrocyte-specific ER stress sensor old astrocyte specifically-induced substance (OASIS) is required to protect astrocytes from ER stress-induced cell death.[15,16] In addition, SMAD3-TGFβ inflammatory stress signaling plays a critical role in protecting blood vessel wall integrity.[17] Exp","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study Background: Morinda lucida is a medicinal plant used in Nigeria for Plasmodium falciparum infection treatment due to its phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities. Traditional medicine is accepted in Nigeria for its effectiveness. The plant’s various parts treat fever, malaria, diabetes, ulcers, and gonorrhea. It contains alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthraquinols, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and glycosides. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response in P. falciparum-infected patients treated with the raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves in traditional homes in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in ten traditional homes in Saki, Nigeria. Fifty P. falciparum-infected participants receiving treatment in traditional homes were recruited, along with 50 participants receiving conventional malaria treatment in hospitals and 50 noninfected participants as controls. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of parasite density by microscopy, plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels by ELISA. The raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves was prepared and administered to the patients. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the results among the different groups. Results: The results showed a significant difference in plasma IL-10, TNF-α levels, and parasite density across the different groups. Treatment with the raw liquid extract led to a decrease in plasma IL-10 levels and an increase in plasma TNF-α levels and parasite density in the infected patients. No significant difference was observed between traditional home and hospital patients in terms of IL-10 levels and parasite density. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves may modulate the inflammatory response in P. falciparum-infected patients. Further studies are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of this plant in the treatment of malaria.
{"title":"Inflammatory response in Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients treated using raw liquid extract of Morinda lucida (Oowo) leaf in some traditional homes in Nigeria","authors":"MathewFolaranmi Olaniyan, TolulopeBusayo Olaniyan","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_5_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"Study Background: Morinda lucida is a medicinal plant used in Nigeria for Plasmodium falciparum infection treatment due to its phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities. Traditional medicine is accepted in Nigeria for its effectiveness. The plant’s various parts treat fever, malaria, diabetes, ulcers, and gonorrhea. It contains alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthraquinols, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and glycosides. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response in P. falciparum-infected patients treated with the raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves in traditional homes in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in ten traditional homes in Saki, Nigeria. Fifty P. falciparum-infected participants receiving treatment in traditional homes were recruited, along with 50 participants receiving conventional malaria treatment in hospitals and 50 noninfected participants as controls. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of parasite density by microscopy, plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels by ELISA. The raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves was prepared and administered to the patients. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the results among the different groups. Results: The results showed a significant difference in plasma IL-10, TNF-α levels, and parasite density across the different groups. Treatment with the raw liquid extract led to a decrease in plasma IL-10 levels and an increase in plasma TNF-α levels and parasite density in the infected patients. No significant difference was observed between traditional home and hospital patients in terms of IL-10 levels and parasite density. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the raw liquid extract of M. lucida leaves may modulate the inflammatory response in P. falciparum-infected patients. Further studies are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of this plant in the treatment of malaria.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sangita Patel, R. Khokhariya, Jagruti Y. Rathod, Deya Chatterji, Jesal Patel
{"title":"Prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries among people consuming water in urban Vadodara: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sangita Patel, R. Khokhariya, Jagruti Y. Rathod, Deya Chatterji, Jesal Patel","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_22_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_22_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88626940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarmenM Krogh, RobertY McMurtry, WilliamB Johnson, Mariana Alves-Pereira, JerryL Punch, Anne Dumbrille, Debra Hughes, Linda Rogers, RobertW Rand, Lorrie Gillis
Introduction: The risk of harm associated with living within 10 km of industrial wind turbines (IWTs) is unresolved and continues to be debated internationally. While sources such as judicial proceedings, scientific literature, social media, and Internet websites report that some neighbors contemplate leaving their homes, research on this topic is limited. This study continues to explore why they contemplated such a housing decision. Methodology: The ethics-reviewed study used the qualitative Grounded Theory (GT) methodology and interviewed 67 consenting participants, 18 years or older, who had previously lived, or were currently living, within 10 km of IWTs. Audio files were transcribed to text and the data were coded and analyzed using NVivo Pro (v. 12.6) software. Objectives: The objective of this manuscript is to explore participants’ descriptions of their medical diagnoses provided by their physicians and physician specialists. Results: Data analysis revealed primary and subthemes associated with environmental interference and altered living conditions. Of the 67 participants, eight described their diagnoses of medical conditions as given by their physicians and physician specialists. Descriptions of conversations with participants’ health-care providers were also surveyed. Discussion: Medical diagnoses, descriptions of comments by health practitioners and the commonality of globally reported adverse health effects (AHEs), support the potential risk of locating IWTs near residential areas. It is recommended that members of the public, government authorities, policy makers, researchers, health practitioners, and social scientists with an interest in health policy and disease prevention acknowledge this risk and advocate for the immediate, effective, and timely resolution for affected neighbors. Conclusions: The GT methodology was used to develop a substantive theory regarding the housing decisions of participants living within 10 km of a Wind Power Plant. Results from the interviews indicate that these decisions were motivated by the potential for, or the experience of, AHEs which they attributed to living in proximity to these installations.
导言:居住在工业风力涡轮机(IWTs) 10公里范围内的危害风险尚未得到解决，并继续在国际上进行辩论。虽然司法程序、科学文献、社交媒体和互联网网站等来源报道说，一些邻居考虑离开家，但对这一主题的研究有限。本研究继续探讨他们为什么考虑这样的住房决定。方法:伦理审查研究使用定性扎根理论(GT)方法，并采访了67名18岁或以上的同意参与者，他们以前居住或目前居住在iwt 10公里范围内。将音频文件转录为文本，使用NVivo Pro (v. 12.6)软件对数据进行编码和分析。目的:这份手稿的目的是探讨参与者对他们的医生和医师专家提供的医疗诊断的描述。结果:数据分析揭示了与环境干扰和生活条件改变相关的主要和次要主题。在67名参与者中，有8人描述了他们的医疗状况诊断是由他们的医生和内科专家给出的。还调查了与参与者的保健提供者对话的描述。讨论:医疗诊断、卫生从业人员评论的描述以及全球报告的不良健康影响的共性，都支持在居民区附近设置内流医院的潜在风险。建议对卫生政策和疾病预防感兴趣的公众、政府当局、政策制定者、研究人员、卫生从业人员和社会科学家认识到这种风险，并倡导为受影响的邻居立即、有效和及时地解决问题。结论:GT方法用于开发关于居住在风力发电厂10公里范围内的参与者的住房决策的实质性理论。访谈的结果表明，这些决定的动机是潜在的，或经验，他们认为，他们住在这些设施附近。
{"title":"Wind turbines: Vacated/abandoned homes – Exploring research participants' descriptions of adverse health effects and medical diagnoses provided by their physicians and physician specialists","authors":"CarmenM Krogh, RobertY McMurtry, WilliamB Johnson, Mariana Alves-Pereira, JerryL Punch, Anne Dumbrille, Debra Hughes, Linda Rogers, RobertW Rand, Lorrie Gillis","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The risk of harm associated with living within 10 km of industrial wind turbines (IWTs) is unresolved and continues to be debated internationally. While sources such as judicial proceedings, scientific literature, social media, and Internet websites report that some neighbors contemplate leaving their homes, research on this topic is limited. This study continues to explore why they contemplated such a housing decision. Methodology: The ethics-reviewed study used the qualitative Grounded Theory (GT) methodology and interviewed 67 consenting participants, 18 years or older, who had previously lived, or were currently living, within 10 km of IWTs. Audio files were transcribed to text and the data were coded and analyzed using NVivo Pro (v. 12.6) software. Objectives: The objective of this manuscript is to explore participants’ descriptions of their medical diagnoses provided by their physicians and physician specialists. Results: Data analysis revealed primary and subthemes associated with environmental interference and altered living conditions. Of the 67 participants, eight described their diagnoses of medical conditions as given by their physicians and physician specialists. Descriptions of conversations with participants’ health-care providers were also surveyed. Discussion: Medical diagnoses, descriptions of comments by health practitioners and the commonality of globally reported adverse health effects (AHEs), support the potential risk of locating IWTs near residential areas. It is recommended that members of the public, government authorities, policy makers, researchers, health practitioners, and social scientists with an interest in health policy and disease prevention acknowledge this risk and advocate for the immediate, effective, and timely resolution for affected neighbors. Conclusions: The GT methodology was used to develop a substantive theory regarding the housing decisions of participants living within 10 km of a Wind Power Plant. Results from the interviews indicate that these decisions were motivated by the potential for, or the experience of, AHEs which they attributed to living in proximity to these installations.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Uterine fibroids are a major health challenge to some women in the world, especially women of African descendants. The etiology of uterine fibroids and the mechanisms of their growth are not fully understood, and those factors that make women to be susceptible to fibroid development are subjects of investigation. Environmental toxicants such as toxic metals exposure have been implicated, but the results have not been consistent. This study seeks to determine the association between blood cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) levels and the risk of uterine fibroids among women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: This case–control study comprised 100 women of reproductive age (age range, 20–50 years) with uterine fibroid and 50 age-matched women without uterine fibroids. Fibroids were diagnosed using abdominal scan by attending physicians. Furthermore, the control subjects were screened for fibroids using abnormal scan. Blood Cd, As, and Pb were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the risk of association was calculated. Results: The mean blood Cd, As, and Pb were significantly higher (P < 0.001) among women with fibroid than those without fibroid (controls). The odds ratio for Cd 2.62 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.05), As 1.02 (CI: 0.02–0.030), and Pb 1.42 (CI: 0.04–0.129) was greater among women with uterine fibroids than controls. Conclusions: Exposure to cadmium and lead might be a risk factor for developing uterine fibroids among Nigerian women.
{"title":"Association between the concentrations of some toxic metals and the risk of uterine fibroids among Nigerian women","authors":"Mathias Abiodun Emokpae, FatimohBukola Kareem","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_18_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_18_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Uterine fibroids are a major health challenge to some women in the world, especially women of African descendants. The etiology of uterine fibroids and the mechanisms of their growth are not fully understood, and those factors that make women to be susceptible to fibroid development are subjects of investigation. Environmental toxicants such as toxic metals exposure have been implicated, but the results have not been consistent. This study seeks to determine the association between blood cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) levels and the risk of uterine fibroids among women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: This case–control study comprised 100 women of reproductive age (age range, 20–50 years) with uterine fibroid and 50 age-matched women without uterine fibroids. Fibroids were diagnosed using abdominal scan by attending physicians. Furthermore, the control subjects were screened for fibroids using abnormal scan. Blood Cd, As, and Pb were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the risk of association was calculated. Results: The mean blood Cd, As, and Pb were significantly higher (P < 0.001) among women with fibroid than those without fibroid (controls). The odds ratio for Cd 2.62 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.05), As 1.02 (CI: 0.02–0.030), and Pb 1.42 (CI: 0.04–0.129) was greater among women with uterine fibroids than controls. Conclusions: Exposure to cadmium and lead might be a risk factor for developing uterine fibroids among Nigerian women.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79813601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Li, Yuan Wang, Xiaoxia Jia, Jing Ke, Baoyu Zhang, Yan Wang
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the expression of serum complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) and CTRP9 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and further explore their correlation with disease activity and the predictive value of RA. Methods: RA group (n = 60) and healthy group (n = 60) were enrolled in Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University. We collected the clinical data, including the basic information, laboratory parameters as well as the Disease Activity Score using 28 joint counts (DAS28) scores, and measured the expression of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 in two groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To analyze the correlation between serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 and RA. We explored the predictive value of the serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 for RA. Results: Compared to the healthy group, the expression of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 was higher in the RA group (P < 0.05). Except rheumatoid factor (serum CTRP9: r = −0.310, P = 0.018), and immunoglobulin (serum CTRP9: r = 0.338, P = 0.010), platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, DAS28, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, etc., of RA patients were not related to the levels of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9. The best cutoff value of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 was 31.66 and 34.39 ng/ml, respectively. In terms of sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy, compared with single detection of serum CTRP3 or CTRP9, combined detection has more predictive value for RA. Conclusion: CTRP3 and CTRP9 may become two candidate biomarkers for RA. The serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 may have certain predictive values for RA.
目的:评价血清补体成分1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3 (CTRP3)和CTRP9在类风湿关节炎(RA)患者中的表达，进一步探讨其与疾病活动度的相关性及对RA的预测价值。方法:选取首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院RA组(n = 60)和健康组(n = 60)。我们收集临床资料，包括基本信息、实验室参数和疾病活动度评分(DAS28)评分，并采用酶联免疫吸附法测定两组患者血清CTRP3和CTRP9的表达。分析血清CTRP3、CTRP9与RA的相关性。探讨血清CTRP3和CTRP9对RA的预测价值。结果:与健康组比较，RA组血清CTRP3、CTRP9表达明显升高(P < 0.05)。RA患者除类风湿因子(血清CTRP9: r = - 0.310, P = 0.018)、免疫球蛋白(血清CTRP9: r = 0.338, P = 0.010)外，血小板、红细胞沉降率、c反应蛋白、DAS28、抗环氨酸肽抗体、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白等与血清CTRP3、CTRP9水平无关。血清CTRP3和CTRP9的最佳临界值分别为31.66和34.39 ng/ml。在敏感性、阴性预测值和准确性方面，与单独检测血清CTRP3或CTRP9相比，联合检测对RA的预测价值更高。结论:CTRP3和CTRP9可能成为RA的两种候选生物标志物。血清CTRP3和CTRP9可能对RA有一定的预测价值。
{"title":"The clinical significance of serum complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 and complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Xin Li, Yuan Wang, Xiaoxia Jia, Jing Ke, Baoyu Zhang, Yan Wang","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the expression of serum complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) and CTRP9 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and further explore their correlation with disease activity and the predictive value of RA. Methods: RA group (n = 60) and healthy group (n = 60) were enrolled in Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University. We collected the clinical data, including the basic information, laboratory parameters as well as the Disease Activity Score using 28 joint counts (DAS28) scores, and measured the expression of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 in two groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To analyze the correlation between serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 and RA. We explored the predictive value of the serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 for RA. Results: Compared to the healthy group, the expression of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 was higher in the RA group (P < 0.05). Except rheumatoid factor (serum CTRP9: r = −0.310, P = 0.018), and immunoglobulin (serum CTRP9: r = 0.338, P = 0.010), platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, DAS28, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, etc., of RA patients were not related to the levels of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9. The best cutoff value of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 was 31.66 and 34.39 ng/ml, respectively. In terms of sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy, compared with single detection of serum CTRP3 or CTRP9, combined detection has more predictive value for RA. Conclusion: CTRP3 and CTRP9 may become two candidate biomarkers for RA. The serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 may have certain predictive values for RA.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75977748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of stroke, currently the second leading cause of death worldwide, continues to worsen, and even those that survive can have persistent neurological deficits. A potentially significant implication may be due to hyperglycemia, found in one-third of all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. However, prior studies reported conflicting information about the impact of hyperglycemia on poststroke prognosis, likely due to different measurements of stress-induced hyperglycemia. The glucose-to-glycated hemoglobin ratio is an index of stress-induced hyperglycemia after AIS that better quantifies acute changes in blood glucose, as opposed to absolute variations in glucose levels. Moderate blood glucose reductions might counteract the negative effects of hyperglycemia and glycemic control medications can also play a role in neuroprotection. The liver is the main organ that functions to maintain energy and glucose metabolism and the effects of AIS can reach far peripheral organs, including the liver. In this review, we highlighted the mechanism responsible for acute poststroke hyperglycemia, a hepatic inflammatory pathway that results in hepatic gluconeogenesis and reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. Hepatitis cascades lead to hepatic gluconeogenesis, and targeted therapy with antihyperglycemic drugs has the potential to improve stroke prognosis and recovery.
{"title":"Mini review: Hyperglycemia in ischemic stroke","authors":"Honglian Duan, Wesley Kohls, Roxanne Ilagan, Xiaokun Geng, Yuchuan Ding","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_26_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_26_22","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of stroke, currently the second leading cause of death worldwide, continues to worsen, and even those that survive can have persistent neurological deficits. A potentially significant implication may be due to hyperglycemia, found in one-third of all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. However, prior studies reported conflicting information about the impact of hyperglycemia on poststroke prognosis, likely due to different measurements of stress-induced hyperglycemia. The glucose-to-glycated hemoglobin ratio is an index of stress-induced hyperglycemia after AIS that better quantifies acute changes in blood glucose, as opposed to absolute variations in glucose levels. Moderate blood glucose reductions might counteract the negative effects of hyperglycemia and glycemic control medications can also play a role in neuroprotection. The liver is the main organ that functions to maintain energy and glucose metabolism and the effects of AIS can reach far peripheral organs, including the liver. In this review, we highlighted the mechanism responsible for acute poststroke hyperglycemia, a hepatic inflammatory pathway that results in hepatic gluconeogenesis and reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. Hepatitis cascades lead to hepatic gluconeogenesis, and targeted therapy with antihyperglycemic drugs has the potential to improve stroke prognosis and recovery.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77631439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utpal Sutaria, Rohan M. Modi, Aarti Solanki, Nehali Patel
Chronic liver damage followed by copper toxicity is very rare in pediatric population. This case report describes a 9-year-old child with acute liver failure as the presentation of copper toxicity due to chronic environmental exposure as a part of an occupational hazard. If not intervened in the early stage, the outcome is always lethal. Therefore, it is recommended to rule out heavy metal toxicity like copper as a cause of liver damage for any case of acute or chronic liver failure after ruling out the common infectious and inflammatory causes.
{"title":"A case of fatal liver failure due to chronic environmental exposure of copper in a child","authors":"Utpal Sutaria, Rohan M. Modi, Aarti Solanki, Nehali Patel","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic liver damage followed by copper toxicity is very rare in pediatric population. This case report describes a 9-year-old child with acute liver failure as the presentation of copper toxicity due to chronic environmental exposure as a part of an occupational hazard. If not intervened in the early stage, the outcome is always lethal. Therefore, it is recommended to rule out heavy metal toxicity like copper as a cause of liver damage for any case of acute or chronic liver failure after ruling out the common infectious and inflammatory causes.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75889684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the dynamics of health care once for all, and we have to continue to mount an unprecedented response to eventually defeat the novel virus pandemic. A wide range of neurological manifestations have been reported among pediatric and adult patients with COVID-19 infection both during and after the patient has recovered from the illness. In terms of preexisting neurological conditions, people with these illnesses are not only vulnerable to acquire the novel viral infection, but at the same time are prone to experience an exacerbation of their preexisting illnesses, and also have poor treatment outcomes, including death. To conclude, a wide range of acute and postacute neurological manifestations have been attributed to the COVID-19 infection worldwide. This calls for the need to create awareness among health-care professionals about neurological symptoms and complications in the post-COVID period.
{"title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and neurological manifestations: Points to ponder","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the dynamics of health care once for all, and we have to continue to mount an unprecedented response to eventually defeat the novel virus pandemic. A wide range of neurological manifestations have been reported among pediatric and adult patients with COVID-19 infection both during and after the patient has recovered from the illness. In terms of preexisting neurological conditions, people with these illnesses are not only vulnerable to acquire the novel viral infection, but at the same time are prone to experience an exacerbation of their preexisting illnesses, and also have poor treatment outcomes, including death. To conclude, a wide range of acute and postacute neurological manifestations have been attributed to the COVID-19 infection worldwide. This calls for the need to create awareness among health-care professionals about neurological symptoms and complications in the post-COVID period.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79485495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Pandve, Shruti Gaikwad, Bhagyashri Bhure, Varsha Kadam, Jilu Justin
Background: The World Health Organization biomedical waste guidelines of 2004 emphasizes the importance of the “human factor” over technology and equipment. Housekeeping staff members are directly involved in the collection, transport, and disposal of biomedical waste and are at high risk of acquiring infections. At the same time, they are usually unskilled, uneducated, and have little to no knowledge about the segregation and disposal of biomedical waste, which further compounds their health risk. Objective: To assess the awareness and practices regarding biomedical waste management in housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 housekeeping staff members of a tertiary teaching hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, from February to April 2022. A semi-structured, pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge of the study participants was scored on a scale of 0–10 and the median score of all the study participants was taken as a cutoff for determining good and poor knowledge. The data were entered into MS Excel 2010 and analyzed using IBM SPSS software 16-trial version. The Chi-square test was used as a test of significance. Results: In the present study, 73% of study participants had good knowledge regarding biomedical waste management. All the participants (100%) were following appropriate practices regarding biomedical waste management. Age and experience were found to be significantly associated with knowledge regarding biomedical waste management (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a gap in the knowledge regarding biomedical waste management among the study subjects which needs to be addressed through repeated and diligent training exercises.
{"title":"Awareness and practices regarding biomedical waste management among housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital in Western India","authors":"H. Pandve, Shruti Gaikwad, Bhagyashri Bhure, Varsha Kadam, Jilu Justin","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization biomedical waste guidelines of 2004 emphasizes the importance of the “human factor” over technology and equipment. Housekeeping staff members are directly involved in the collection, transport, and disposal of biomedical waste and are at high risk of acquiring infections. At the same time, they are usually unskilled, uneducated, and have little to no knowledge about the segregation and disposal of biomedical waste, which further compounds their health risk. Objective: To assess the awareness and practices regarding biomedical waste management in housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 housekeeping staff members of a tertiary teaching hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, from February to April 2022. A semi-structured, pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge of the study participants was scored on a scale of 0–10 and the median score of all the study participants was taken as a cutoff for determining good and poor knowledge. The data were entered into MS Excel 2010 and analyzed using IBM SPSS software 16-trial version. The Chi-square test was used as a test of significance. Results: In the present study, 73% of study participants had good knowledge regarding biomedical waste management. All the participants (100%) were following appropriate practices regarding biomedical waste management. Age and experience were found to be significantly associated with knowledge regarding biomedical waste management (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a gap in the knowledge regarding biomedical waste management among the study subjects which needs to be addressed through repeated and diligent training exercises.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82342276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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