Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.35271
Inga Gurauskienė
Environmental sustainability is the foundation for maintaining global systems and supporting economic development within society. However, issues such as the climate crisis, overexploitation of natural resources, biodiversity loss, and significant alterations in ecosystems, complicate our ability to thrive in an ever-changing environment. These issues have far-reaching implications, from personal well-being to the vulnerability of entire populations to food and water scarcity, energy challenges, hazardous substances, and social inequalities. These challenges transcend the boundaries of specific scientific disciplines.
{"title":"Environmental Engineering and Management for Interdisciplinary Research-based Solutions and Education for Sustainable Transformations","authors":"Inga Gurauskienė","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.35271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.35271","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental sustainability is the foundation for maintaining global systems and supporting economic development within society. However, issues such as the climate crisis, overexploitation of natural resources, biodiversity loss, and significant alterations in ecosystems, complicate our ability to thrive in an ever-changing environment. These issues have far-reaching implications, from personal well-being to the vulnerability of entire populations to food and water scarcity, energy challenges, hazardous substances, and social inequalities. These challenges transcend the boundaries of specific scientific disciplines.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33014
Aornsupa Saiphet, Karika Kunta
Food waste has a high potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, particularly methane, which has been causing climate change issues worldwide. This quantitative research is aimed to investigate the situations of food waste and assess its greenhouse gas emission potential in Thailand. Food waste management in eight municipalities was analysed across four regions countrywide. The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a dramatic reduction in municipal food waste (MFW). This led to a total of around 26,657 tonnes/day in 2021, which was nearly 39% of the total MSW and the average MFW generation per capita was 0.4 kg/capita/day. Household food waste (HFW) represented a major component of MFW. In large urban municipalities and cities (notably tourist cities), significant food waste per capita exceeded the peri-urban municipalities (P < 0.05). Moreover, the treatment of MFW could result in significantly higher GHG emissions than from fossil fuel emissions created by the collection and transportation of MFW. This comparison between the four food waste management technologies that emits the most greenhouse gases showed that landfill had the most GHG emission potential, followed by incineration, composting, and anaerobic digestion, respectively. The research findings clearly illustrated that the municipalities at all levels needed to take the following actions: 1) conduct a survey and study the situations of food waste problems in local area, 2) formulate the policy for food waste management and treatment using the appropriate selection of technologies available with a minimum of impact on the environment and the Earth’s atmosphere, and 3) utilise the GHG emission potential for food waste disposal, such as energy recovery as well as possible trading-in for carbon credit.
{"title":"Municipal Food Waste Management and Its Greenhouse Gas Emission in Thailand: A Case Study of 8 Municipalities","authors":"Aornsupa Saiphet, Karika Kunta","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33014","url":null,"abstract":"Food waste has a high potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, particularly methane, which has been causing climate change issues worldwide. This quantitative research is aimed to investigate the situations of food waste and assess its greenhouse gas emission potential in Thailand. Food waste management in eight municipalities was analysed across four regions countrywide. The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a dramatic reduction in municipal food waste (MFW). This led to a total of around 26,657 tonnes/day in 2021, which was nearly 39% of the total MSW and the average MFW generation per capita was 0.4 kg/capita/day. Household food waste (HFW) represented a major component of MFW. In large urban municipalities and cities (notably tourist cities), significant food waste per capita exceeded the peri-urban municipalities (P < 0.05). Moreover, the treatment of MFW could result in significantly higher GHG emissions than from fossil fuel emissions created by the collection and transportation of MFW. This comparison between the four food waste management technologies that emits the most greenhouse gases showed that landfill had the most GHG emission potential, followed by incineration, composting, and anaerobic digestion, respectively. The research findings clearly illustrated that the municipalities at all levels needed to take the following actions: 1) conduct a survey and study the situations of food waste problems in local area, 2) formulate the policy for food waste management and treatment using the appropriate selection of technologies available with a minimum of impact on the environment and the Earth’s atmosphere, and 3) utilise the GHG emission potential for food waste disposal, such as energy recovery as well as possible trading-in for carbon credit.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33674
Karolína Jindřiška Nová, Jan Kolář
Wastewater discharge is one of the sources of environmental pollution. Wastewater pollution originates, inter alia, in industrial wastewater. After treatment, industrial wastewater can be discharged directly into the receiving water body or indirectly into a sewerage network terminated by the concluding stage of wastewater treatment. In the Czech Republic, indirect wastewater discharges are obeyed by the contractual relationship between the wastewater producer and the sewerage network operator. General limits for indirectly discharged wastewater are not set by any national legislation. The aim of this paper is a description of industrial wastewater discharged into the municipal sewerage system in Prague and possibilities of setting limits for installations undertaking the industrial activities listed in Annex I of the Integrated Prevention Act. The study showed that 72% of installations discharge industrial wastewater indirectly. The majority are energy plants that produce boiler blowdown wastewater. More than 80% of wastewater from studied installations is treated by one central wastewater treatment plant. The studied installations are equipped with a wastewater neutralization unit. However, despite the existence of the legislative framework to propose limits for studied installations, only two installations covered by BAT conclusions with relevant BAT-AELs for indirect discharges to the receiving water body were determined. Generally, a small percentage of installations can be limited by an integrated permit due to an inconsistent approach to the issue of indirect discharges from installations under the scope of the Integrated Prevention Act.
{"title":"Industrial Wastewater Indirect Discharges in Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Perspective: A Case Study of Prague","authors":"Karolína Jindřiška Nová, Jan Kolář","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33674","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater discharge is one of the sources of environmental pollution. Wastewater pollution originates, inter alia, in industrial wastewater. After treatment, industrial wastewater can be discharged directly into the receiving water body or indirectly into a sewerage network terminated by the concluding stage of wastewater treatment. In the Czech Republic, indirect wastewater discharges are obeyed by the contractual relationship between the wastewater producer and the sewerage network operator. General limits for indirectly discharged wastewater are not set by any national legislation. The aim of this paper is a description of industrial wastewater discharged into the municipal sewerage system in Prague and possibilities of setting limits for installations undertaking the industrial activities listed in Annex I of the Integrated Prevention Act. The study showed that 72% of installations discharge industrial wastewater indirectly. The majority are energy plants that produce boiler blowdown wastewater. More than 80% of wastewater from studied installations is treated by one central wastewater treatment plant. The studied installations are equipped with a wastewater neutralization unit. However, despite the existence of the legislative framework to propose limits for studied installations, only two installations covered by BAT conclusions with relevant BAT-AELs for indirect discharges to the receiving water body were determined. Generally, a small percentage of installations can be limited by an integrated permit due to an inconsistent approach to the issue of indirect discharges from installations under the scope of the Integrated Prevention Act.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33123
Jeriels Matatula, Pandu Yudha Adi Putra Wirabuana, Emad Hassan Elawad Yasin, Budi Mulyana
Since 1994, the community around the mangrove forest in Kupang district, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, has rehabilitated the mangrove forest. Unfortunately, almost three decades of the success story of mangrove rehabilitation has not followed appropriate documentation on biodiversity and potential carbon stock. This research aimed to describe the species composition and estimate the carbon stock of rehabilitated mangrove forests. Forty-five sampling plots were distributed using purposive sampling based on mangrove zonation (distal, middle, proximal) and year of rehabilitation (2004, 2006, 2008). The findings revealed that there are ten mangrove species. Two species, namely Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba, showed a high importance value index. The average aboveground carbon stock was 454.712 t/ha, distributed in seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees at 0.04%, 2.41%, 51.61%, and 45.94%, respectively. Mangrove rehabilitation in Kupang district, East Nusa Tenggara Province, has successfully increased the richness, heterogeneity, and carbon stock.
{"title":"Species Composition and Carbon Stock of Rehabilitated Mangrove Forest in Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"Jeriels Matatula, Pandu Yudha Adi Putra Wirabuana, Emad Hassan Elawad Yasin, Budi Mulyana","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33123","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1994, the community around the mangrove forest in Kupang district, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, has rehabilitated the mangrove forest. Unfortunately, almost three decades of the success story of mangrove rehabilitation has not followed appropriate documentation on biodiversity and potential carbon stock. This research aimed to describe the species composition and estimate the carbon stock of rehabilitated mangrove forests. Forty-five sampling plots were distributed using purposive sampling based on mangrove zonation (distal, middle, proximal) and year of rehabilitation (2004, 2006, 2008). The findings revealed that there are ten mangrove species. Two species, namely Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba, showed a high importance value index. The average aboveground carbon stock was 454.712 t/ha, distributed in seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees at 0.04%, 2.41%, 51.61%, and 45.94%, respectively. Mangrove rehabilitation in Kupang district, East Nusa Tenggara Province, has successfully increased the richness, heterogeneity, and carbon stock.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33628
Didik Taryana, Rudi Hartono, Dicky Arinta, Agus Purnomo, Ike Sari Astuti
Landslide is one of the disasters that often occurs in Indonesia in the East Java Province, especially in Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency. Analysis of landslide susceptibility in Bendungan District is needed to spatially locate the landslide occurrences. The purpose of this study was to predict landslide events using an artificial neural network. Rainfall, topography, physical soil properties, and land-use were used as the explanatory variables. An analytic hierarchy process approach was applied to determine the weight of the variables. The model satisfactorily classified the landslide hazards with an area under curve of 0.96. The northwest area of the Bendungan District was found to be a region at high risk with rainfall and soil texture as the most influential parts in triggering the landslides.
{"title":"Landslide Movement of Bendungan District Trenggalek Using an Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Didik Taryana, Rudi Hartono, Dicky Arinta, Agus Purnomo, Ike Sari Astuti","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33628","url":null,"abstract":"Landslide is one of the disasters that often occurs in Indonesia in the East Java Province, especially in Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency. Analysis of landslide susceptibility in Bendungan District is needed to spatially locate the landslide occurrences. The purpose of this study was to predict landslide events using an artificial neural network. Rainfall, topography, physical soil properties, and land-use were used as the explanatory variables. An analytic hierarchy process approach was applied to determine the weight of the variables. The model satisfactorily classified the landslide hazards with an area under curve of 0.96. The northwest area of the Bendungan District was found to be a region at high risk with rainfall and soil texture as the most influential parts in triggering the landslides.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33207
Esraa Amin Esmail, Ahmed Yousry, Seham Mostafa Qutb, Abdelkhalek Abdelrahman
Egypt’s Nile islands are regarded as a source of biological diversity and natural heritage. Two million people live on 63 of these islands, spread throughout 16 governorates and covering over 155.4 km2. They are included in the wetlands but treated as a single unit, neglecting their diverse characteristics (environmental, urban, economic, and social). By utilizing a Statistical Package for Social Sciences and a Geographic Information System, this paper aims to develop a method of classifying the Nile islands by designing criteria scales to determine their value. Research is essential in assessing the sustainability of urban and economic development on the Nile islands without conflicting with their protection. The research reached recommendations for protection goals by including uninhabited islands in the national strategic plan. It also prepared an endemic plant and animal species database. It is necessary to conduct a sub-classification process with more detail to make decisions regarding the most suitable sites for various development projects without ignoring the social aspect.
{"title":"Sustainability Assessment Scale for the Nile Islands (SASNI) as a Guideline to Determine Sustainable Urban Development Policies","authors":"Esraa Amin Esmail, Ahmed Yousry, Seham Mostafa Qutb, Abdelkhalek Abdelrahman","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.3.33207","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt’s Nile islands are regarded as a source of biological diversity and natural heritage. Two million people live on 63 of these islands, spread throughout 16 governorates and covering over 155.4 km2. They are included in the wetlands but treated as a single unit, neglecting their diverse characteristics (environmental, urban, economic, and social). By utilizing a Statistical Package for Social Sciences and a Geographic Information System, this paper aims to develop a method of classifying the Nile islands by designing criteria scales to determine their value. Research is essential in assessing the sustainability of urban and economic development on the Nile islands without conflicting with their protection. The research reached recommendations for protection goals by including uninhabited islands in the national strategic plan. It also prepared an endemic plant and animal species database. It is necessary to conduct a sub-classification process with more detail to make decisions regarding the most suitable sites for various development projects without ignoring the social aspect.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.34658
T. Paulauskiene
Climate change and environmental degradation are the biggest complex and interlinked challenges of our times. With the Paris Agreement on climate change in force in 2015, the transition to a modern and low-carbon economy has to be accelerated. According to scientists, without urgent action, the global temperature could hit a 2°C increase soon after 2060, turning the earth into a “hothouse”. The European Green Deal set the blueprint for transformational change. It is an integral part of European Commission’s strategy to implement the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda and the sustainable development goals. Under the European Climate Law, EU countries must cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels). Their goal is to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent on the planet by 2050.
{"title":"Towards a Sustainable Blue Economy in EU and Beyond","authors":"T. Paulauskiene","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.34658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.34658","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and environmental degradation are the biggest complex and interlinked challenges of our times. With the Paris Agreement on climate change in force in 2015, the transition to a modern and low-carbon economy has to be accelerated. According to scientists, without urgent action, the global temperature could hit a 2°C increase soon after 2060, turning the earth into a “hothouse”. The European Green Deal set the blueprint for transformational change. It is an integral part of European Commission’s strategy to implement the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda and the sustainable development goals. Under the European Climate Law, EU countries must cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels). Their goal is to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent on the planet by 2050.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86539287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33532
Panayiotis J. Arsenos, George Giannadakis
Waste originating from construction projects is the major source of pollution amongst all industrial sectors in the European Union (EU) as well as globally. It is estimated that more than 35% of all disposed waste in the EU has been a by-product of building activity. This significant loss of materials hinders project profitability, reduces competitiveness of companies involved in such projects and causes considerable environmental burden. An acceptable level of waste is inevitable; however, there are possibilities to minimize the waste through amendments of reducing problematic executive procedures. One of the most important reported factors that increase waste is ineffective document management that may lead to inadequate communication throughout the construction project. As such, the present paper focuses on estimating the possible environmental and economic benefits if a proper document management system is applied on construction projects. The research steps include the approximate calculation of the operational project cost, the volume of material waste related to inadequate information systems based on statistical data and the calculation of benefits from the establishment of adequate information systems using measurable indices. The findings suggest that significant waste reductions are feasible and that the volume of solid construction debris that usually ends up in landfills can be greatly reduced. The actual debris in every skip bin could be reduced to approximately two-thirds of the currently produced volume, for every 100 square meters (m2) of an industrial building floor area. Besides, the debris volume in a skip bin could be reduced to more than half of the currently produced volume for every 100 m2 of public and commercial retail building floor area.
{"title":"Construction Projects’ Waste Prevention and Expected Minimization of Cost and Environmental Impacts through Adopting a Comprehensive System for Document Management","authors":"Panayiotis J. Arsenos, George Giannadakis","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33532","url":null,"abstract":"Waste originating from construction projects is the major source of pollution amongst all industrial sectors in the European Union (EU) as well as globally. It is estimated that more than 35% of all disposed waste in the EU has been a by-product of building activity. This significant loss of materials hinders project profitability, reduces competitiveness of companies involved in such projects and causes considerable environmental burden. An acceptable level of waste is inevitable; however, there are possibilities to minimize the waste through amendments of reducing problematic executive procedures. One of the most important reported factors that increase waste is ineffective document management that may lead to inadequate communication throughout the construction project. As such, the present paper focuses on estimating the possible environmental and economic benefits if a proper document management system is applied on construction projects. The research steps include the approximate calculation of the operational project cost, the volume of material waste related to inadequate information systems based on statistical data and the calculation of benefits from the establishment of adequate information systems using measurable indices. The findings suggest that significant waste reductions are feasible and that the volume of solid construction debris that usually ends up in landfills can be greatly reduced. The actual debris in every skip bin could be reduced to approximately two-thirds of the currently produced volume, for every 100 square meters (m2) of an industrial building floor area. Besides, the debris volume in a skip bin could be reduced to more than half of the currently produced volume for every 100 m2 of public and commercial retail building floor area.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85779854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32951
C. Intyas, A. Tjahjono, D. Koestiono, Fitri Riana, S. Suhartini
Coral is the main component of coral reefs and forms an ecosystem that is home to approximately 93 000 species of marine biota. In their development, corals are traded and become decorations in aquariums because of their beauty. Currently, in Indonesia, the trade in ornamental corals is still on an export scale, including hard coral species, which are strictly monitored because some are included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Appendix II. This research aimed to analyze the ornamental coral value chain at an ornamental coral company in Banyuwangi related to value-added activities, governance, and profit margins to see economic and environmental sustainability using the Porter value chain. The results showed that the primary activities that still needed to be more optimal were operational activities and outbound logistics, environmental factors (weather conditions), and improper handling causing coral death or damage (wounds). Meanwhile, the secondary activities that could have been more optimal are infrastructure and technology development. The profit margin obtained by the company was 97 523.53 US dollars with a value of 45.16% of revenue, showing that the business is profitable. Therefore, infrastructure improvements and technology development are still needed for optimal results. Further research is recommended to be conducted in relation to business development strategies and improvement of coral quality and packaging processes. Additionally, in order to support better traceability and long-term business sustainability for corals, the dearth of historical data on the ornamental coral trade in Indonesia needs to be tackled.
{"title":"Value Chain Analysis of the Marine Ornamental Reef: A Case Study in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia","authors":"C. Intyas, A. Tjahjono, D. Koestiono, Fitri Riana, S. Suhartini","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32951","url":null,"abstract":"Coral is the main component of coral reefs and forms an ecosystem that is home to approximately 93 000 species of marine biota. In their development, corals are traded and become decorations in aquariums because of their beauty. Currently, in Indonesia, the trade in ornamental corals is still on an export scale, including hard coral species, which are strictly monitored because some are included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Appendix II. This research aimed to analyze the ornamental coral value chain at an ornamental coral company in Banyuwangi related to value-added activities, governance, and profit margins to see economic and environmental sustainability using the Porter value chain. The results showed that the primary activities that still needed to be more optimal were operational activities and outbound logistics, environmental factors (weather conditions), and improper handling causing coral death or damage (wounds). Meanwhile, the secondary activities that could have been more optimal are infrastructure and technology development. The profit margin obtained by the company was 97 523.53 US dollars with a value of 45.16% of revenue, showing that the business is profitable. Therefore, infrastructure improvements and technology development are still needed for optimal results. Further research is recommended to be conducted in relation to business development strategies and improvement of coral quality and packaging processes. Additionally, in order to support better traceability and long-term business sustainability for corals, the dearth of historical data on the ornamental coral trade in Indonesia needs to be tackled.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86303922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.30395
M. Bučas, Vaiva Stragauskaitė, G. Minicheva, Z. Sinkevičienė, D. Vaičiūtė
For the implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, numerous indicators based on macrophytes have been developed in coastal and shelf zones. However, transitional water bodies (e.g., estuaries, lagoons) have multiple overlaying strong environmental gradients that limit the assessment of the relationships between macrophyte ecological patterns and anthropogenic pressures. The aim of this study was to assess the abundance and distribution of macrophytes in the Curonian Lagoon and to analyze the spatial patterns of macrophyte species considering their morphofunctional properties (i.e., community surface index, which is the sum of the ratios between the specific surface of thallus structure elements and biomass of each macrophyte species in a sampling site) in relation to environmental factors, such as Secchi depth, salinity, wave exposure and area of wetlands. In the estuarine part of the Curonian Lagoon, the sampling of macrophytes was carried out in 2014–2015. Data on hydro-physical parameters were obtained from the water monitoring and hydrological model, while the CORINE data were used for the delineation of wetlands. The species diversity in the studied part of the Curonian Lagoon consisted 12 species (7 of them belong to phylum Chlorophyta and 5 to Magnoliophyta). From dominant algae, Chara contraria and Chara aspera mainly occurred along the northeastern part of the study area, whereas Cladophora glomerata mainly grew as epiphyte along the eastern shore of the lagoon. From dominant angiosperms, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Stuckenia pectinata occurred in the whole study area, while Myriophyllum spicatum rarely formed dense stands and usually was within the stands of charophytes or pondweeds. The salinity was the most important environmental factor, where the relative coverage of Zannichellia palustris, Potamogeton rutilus and all algae species, except Nitellopsis obtusa, correlated with salinity. The Secchi depth was of less importance and correlated with the relative coverage of N. obtusa, while a negative correlation was determined for S. pectinata. The mean community surface index depended on the depth gradient where it was significantly higher at ≤ 1.0 m depth than at 1.1–2.0 m depth. The community surface index significantly negatively correlated (the Spearman rS = −0.65) with the area of wetlands, which surrounded the eastern shore of the study area. Therefore, the tested morphofunctional index has a potential to define the ecological status considering macrophyte communities in the transitional water bodies.
{"title":"Implications of Macrophyte Distribution Patterns in the Curonian Lagoon for Monitoring of Submerged Vegetation in Transitional Water Bodies","authors":"M. Bučas, Vaiva Stragauskaitė, G. Minicheva, Z. Sinkevičienė, D. Vaičiūtė","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.30395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.30395","url":null,"abstract":"For the implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, numerous indicators based on macrophytes have been developed in coastal and shelf zones. However, transitional water bodies (e.g., estuaries, lagoons) have multiple overlaying strong environmental gradients that limit the assessment of the relationships between macrophyte ecological patterns and anthropogenic pressures. The aim of this study was to assess the abundance and distribution of macrophytes in the Curonian Lagoon and to analyze the spatial patterns of macrophyte species considering their morphofunctional properties (i.e., community surface index, which is the sum of the ratios between the specific surface of thallus structure elements and biomass of each macrophyte species in a sampling site) in relation to environmental factors, such as Secchi depth, salinity, wave exposure and area of wetlands. In the estuarine part of the Curonian Lagoon, the sampling of macrophytes was carried out in 2014–2015. Data on hydro-physical parameters were obtained from the water monitoring and hydrological model, while the CORINE data were used for the delineation of wetlands. The species diversity in the studied part of the Curonian Lagoon consisted 12 species (7 of them belong to phylum Chlorophyta and 5 to Magnoliophyta). From dominant algae, Chara contraria and Chara aspera mainly occurred along the northeastern part of the study area, whereas Cladophora glomerata mainly grew as epiphyte along the eastern shore of the lagoon. From dominant angiosperms, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Stuckenia pectinata occurred in the whole study area, while Myriophyllum spicatum rarely formed dense stands and usually was within the stands of charophytes or pondweeds. The salinity was the most important environmental factor, where the relative coverage of Zannichellia palustris, Potamogeton rutilus and all algae species, except Nitellopsis obtusa, correlated with salinity. The Secchi depth was of less importance and correlated with the relative coverage of N. obtusa, while a negative correlation was determined for S. pectinata. The mean community surface index depended on the depth gradient where it was significantly higher at ≤ 1.0 m depth than at 1.1–2.0 m depth. The community surface index significantly negatively correlated (the Spearman rS = −0.65) with the area of wetlands, which surrounded the eastern shore of the study area. Therefore, the tested morphofunctional index has a potential to define the ecological status considering macrophyte communities in the transitional water bodies.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89380024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：