Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32378
P. Purwanti, M. Fattah, V. Qurrata, A. Sulistyono, Jumadil Saputra
The development of coastal fisheries in the Trenggalek regency area is growing rapidly due to technological advancement. Technology has become a stimulant for the community in utilizing fishery resources. The sustainability of the livelihoods of fishing communities in Prigi Bay in 2019 was analyzed using the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA), showing that social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced changes in social and economic aspects. According to previous SLA results, this study examines the policy priorities of small-scale fishing households in Prigi Bay. This study investigates the policy priorities to improve the sustainability of fishers’ livelihoods using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) criteria. The analysis results indicate that local culture is consequential and greatly impacts household sustainability. It is due to the custom, which maintains culture of not going to catch fish on Fridays. The culture has not been drafted as a local regulation. Therefore, the local government should draft regional regulations regarding the clean sea program on Fridays that all coastal communities must follow. It will affect the fishers’ sustainable livelihood because production activities are not only in the sea but also outside the sea. For example, people could perform off-fishing activities such as planting crops and maintaining social relationships with family or neighbours.
{"title":"Investigating the Policy Priority of Sustainable Livelihood of Small-Scale Fishing Household: Evidence During the Pandemic from Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, Indonesia","authors":"P. Purwanti, M. Fattah, V. Qurrata, A. Sulistyono, Jumadil Saputra","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32378","url":null,"abstract":"The development of coastal fisheries in the Trenggalek regency area is growing rapidly due to technological advancement. Technology has become a stimulant for the community in utilizing fishery resources. The sustainability of the livelihoods of fishing communities in Prigi Bay in 2019 was analyzed using the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA), showing that social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced changes in social and economic aspects. According to previous SLA results, this study examines the policy priorities of small-scale fishing households in Prigi Bay. This study investigates the policy priorities to improve the sustainability of fishers’ livelihoods using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) criteria. The analysis results indicate that local culture is consequential and greatly impacts household sustainability. It is due to the custom, which maintains culture of not going to catch fish on Fridays. The culture has not been drafted as a local regulation. Therefore, the local government should draft regional regulations regarding the clean sea program on Fridays that all coastal communities must follow. It will affect the fishers’ sustainable livelihood because production activities are not only in the sea but also outside the sea. For example, people could perform off-fishing activities such as planting crops and maintaining social relationships with family or neighbours.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81732122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33867
J. Dvarionienė, Dziugas Dvarionas, Kristina Kamičaitytė
This article aims to introduce the concept of Permanent Urban Living Lab (PULL) as a method for urban transformative capacity building. Since the beginning of 2000s, the urban living labs (ULLs) are being researched and examined as experimental settings that bring together various stakeholders, such as citizens, researchers, businesses, and policymakers, to co-create and test innovative solutions for urban developments. They offer a collaborative and participatory approach to urban solutions that engages and empowers local communities and fosters a culture of a shared foresight process and mutual learning. In the context of local development, the ULLs can serve as a powerful tool for building the urban transformative capacities (UTC) by providing a platform for local actors to develop their skills, knowledge, and networks for intersectoral cooperation, and by creating opportunities for experimentation and experiential learning. The case of Alytus, Lithuania, is an interesting example of how the urban living labs can be used to drive local development. Alytus is a mid-sized city in Lithuania, Northern Europe that has faced a range of social, geopolitical, economic, and environmental challenges typical of the region in recent years, including declining population, high unemployment, and deteriorating public spaces. The aim of this article is to analyse the perspective of implementation of European policies and methodologies presented in the Urban Europe Programme if applied to the search of transformative capacities’ building for better city co-governance. In this respect, methods of the quadrupole helix model, urban living labs, force field analysis and different forms of co-creation are discussed as the founding elements for initiating a digital platform for citizens’ involvement and participation in urban transformations.
{"title":"Transformative Capacity Building by Systematic Use of Urban Living Labs: A Case Study of Alytus, Lithuania","authors":"J. Dvarionienė, Dziugas Dvarionas, Kristina Kamičaitytė","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33867","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to introduce the concept of Permanent Urban Living Lab (PULL) as a method for urban transformative capacity building. Since the beginning of 2000s, the urban living labs (ULLs) are being researched and examined as experimental settings that bring together various stakeholders, such as citizens, researchers, businesses, and policymakers, to co-create and test innovative solutions for urban developments. They offer a collaborative and participatory approach to urban solutions that engages and empowers local communities and fosters a culture of a shared foresight process and mutual learning. In the context of local development, the ULLs can serve as a powerful tool for building the urban transformative capacities (UTC) by providing a platform for local actors to develop their skills, knowledge, and networks for intersectoral cooperation, and by creating opportunities for experimentation and experiential learning. The case of Alytus, Lithuania, is an interesting example of how the urban living labs can be used to drive local development. Alytus is a mid-sized city in Lithuania, Northern Europe that has faced a range of social, geopolitical, economic, and environmental challenges typical of the region in recent years, including declining population, high unemployment, and deteriorating public spaces. The aim of this article is to analyse the perspective of implementation of European policies and methodologies presented in the Urban Europe Programme if applied to the search of transformative capacities’ building for better city co-governance. In this respect, methods of the quadrupole helix model, urban living labs, force field analysis and different forms of co-creation are discussed as the founding elements for initiating a digital platform for citizens’ involvement and participation in urban transformations.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84856016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33124
Vanessa Astari, L. Hakim, Fadillah Putra
Covering an area of 334 787 ha, Malang Regency is quite well-known for its coastal ecotourism potential, with various enjoyable tourist attractions and tempting marine-based gastronomy tourism. However, it has not been well-developed and promoted sustainably by the government or the locals. Thus, the research aims to find out the improvement areas to construct a strategy to develop marine-based gastronomy ecotourism that practices pro-nature and cultural behavior. Qualitative methods (in-depth interviews with experts, experienced sources, and literature reviews), food chain analysis, and SWOT analysis were applied in this research. The study shows that the best strategy to develop marine-based gastronomy ecotourism requires penta-helix collaboration with W-O strategic combinations by improving tourism infrastructure, promoting cultural and local-wisdom aspects behind the local seafood, and implementing the added value to fight off overfishing conditions due to the high demand for seafood.
{"title":"The Sustainable Development Strategy of Marine-Based Gastronomy Ecotourism at Southern Malang, Malang Regency, East Java","authors":"Vanessa Astari, L. Hakim, Fadillah Putra","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33124","url":null,"abstract":"Covering an area of 334 787 ha, Malang Regency is quite well-known for its coastal ecotourism potential, with various enjoyable tourist attractions and tempting marine-based gastronomy tourism. However, it has not been well-developed and promoted sustainably by the government or the locals. Thus, the research aims to find out the improvement areas to construct a strategy to develop marine-based gastronomy ecotourism that practices pro-nature and cultural behavior. Qualitative methods (in-depth interviews with experts, experienced sources, and literature reviews), food chain analysis, and SWOT analysis were applied in this research. The study shows that the best strategy to develop marine-based gastronomy ecotourism requires penta-helix collaboration with W-O strategic combinations by improving tourism infrastructure, promoting cultural and local-wisdom aspects behind the local seafood, and implementing the added value to fight off overfishing conditions due to the high demand for seafood.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79069314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32468
Nicole Alejandra Terrones Rodríguez, C. Quiñones-Cerna, Heber Max Robles Castillo, J. Cruz-Monzón, Fernando Javier Hurtado Butrón, Juan Carlos Rodríguez Soto
The carotenoids have vast medical, industrial, dietary, and pharmaceutical importance due to their provitamin A precursor, immunomodulator, antioxidant and photoprotective activity. The purpose of the research was to optimize the production of carotenoids using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from artichoke agroindustrial waste as a low-cost substrate. The artichokes bracts waste was bleached by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO 2%) and was characterized through whiteness index and FTIR. The bleached artichoke waste (BABW) used in the fermentation went through acid hydrolysis, applying 8% of the bleached artichokes residue and sulfuric acid (2.5%) for 1 h at 90°C, obtaining a greater reduced sugars content at 3.1 g/L. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was isolated and molecularly identified. The production of carotenoids from a culture media based on hydrolyzed BABW, peptone (0.5%), yeast extract (0.1%) and sodium chloride (0.5%) was evaluated at different conditions of pH (5–8) and agitation speed (80–160 rpm) applying the surface response methodology by a rotational central compound design. The best carotenoids performance obtained had 2968.95 µg/L VVC and 1228.53 µg/g TFC at pH 5, 120 rpm and 30°C for 72 h. The chemical characterization of the extracted carotenoids was confirmed by UV-VIS and Raman spectroscopy methods. The results suggest that Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is capable of producing carotenoids from artichoke waste fermentation, providing a low-cost and sustainable alternative route for use in the global market.
{"title":"Optimization of Total Carotenoid Production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from Artichoke Agroindustrial Waste Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Nicole Alejandra Terrones Rodríguez, C. Quiñones-Cerna, Heber Max Robles Castillo, J. Cruz-Monzón, Fernando Javier Hurtado Butrón, Juan Carlos Rodríguez Soto","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.32468","url":null,"abstract":"The carotenoids have vast medical, industrial, dietary, and pharmaceutical importance due to their provitamin A precursor, immunomodulator, antioxidant and photoprotective activity. The purpose of the research was to optimize the production of carotenoids using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from artichoke agroindustrial waste as a low-cost substrate. The artichokes bracts waste was bleached by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO 2%) and was characterized through whiteness index and FTIR. The bleached artichoke waste (BABW) used in the fermentation went through acid hydrolysis, applying 8% of the bleached artichokes residue and sulfuric acid (2.5%) for 1 h at 90°C, obtaining a greater reduced sugars content at 3.1 g/L. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was isolated and molecularly identified. The production of carotenoids from a culture media based on hydrolyzed BABW, peptone (0.5%), yeast extract (0.1%) and sodium chloride (0.5%) was evaluated at different conditions of pH (5–8) and agitation speed (80–160 rpm) applying the surface response methodology by a rotational central compound design. The best carotenoids performance obtained had 2968.95 µg/L VVC and 1228.53 µg/g TFC at pH 5, 120 rpm and 30°C for 72 h. The chemical characterization of the extracted carotenoids was confirmed by UV-VIS and Raman spectroscopy methods. The results suggest that Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is capable of producing carotenoids from artichoke waste fermentation, providing a low-cost and sustainable alternative route for use in the global market.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83680648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33331
M. Muslihudin, I. Santosa, E. Tugiyanti, S. Suyono, Prita Sari Dewi, Joko Santoso
For every large-scale development with the potential to have a significant and essential impact, there must be an environmental assessment first. Geothermal Power Plant Development (GPPD) in Banyumas is classified as a large-scale project. Therefore, an environmental assessment was also carried out before the project started. The initiator has owned the Environmental Management Effort (EM) and Environmental Monitoring Effort (EME) since 2011. Due to a change in planning, the EM and EME were updated again in 2016. Even though the GPPD has the environmental management and monitoring plans, it faces an ongoing resistance from the community during the implementation of the exploration stage. This action may disrupt the exploration process. The purpose of this paper is to find out why there is social upheaval or rejection and demonstrations from society. This study was designed as qualitative research that is descriptive and analytic. Descriptive analysis was based on data, documents resulting from interviews and discussions with various stakeholders who know about cases of community demonstrations against GPPD exploration. The results of the study show that social environmental aspects receive less attention to the affected communities so that when environmental pollution occurs, the community overreacts to the GPPD construction implementers and the government. Supposedly, if the social environment aspect is carried out proportionally, then there will be no resistance from the community. In this case, the executors of the development have been bothered and even disrupted the development process itself. The social aspects that are less proportional are limited socialization, inaccurate ecological delineation, late recruitment of local workers, and insufficient involvement of NGOs.
{"title":"The Urgency of Social Aspects in Environmental Assessment: A Case Study of a Sustainable Geothermal Power Plant Development in Banyumas, Indonesia","authors":"M. Muslihudin, I. Santosa, E. Tugiyanti, S. Suyono, Prita Sari Dewi, Joko Santoso","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33331","url":null,"abstract":"For every large-scale development with the potential to have a significant and essential impact, there must be an environmental assessment first. Geothermal Power Plant Development (GPPD) in Banyumas is classified as a large-scale project. Therefore, an environmental assessment was also carried out before the project started. The initiator has owned the Environmental Management Effort (EM) and Environmental Monitoring Effort (EME) since 2011. Due to a change in planning, the EM and EME were updated again in 2016. Even though the GPPD has the environmental management and monitoring plans, it faces an ongoing resistance from the community during the implementation of the exploration stage. This action may disrupt the exploration process. The purpose of this paper is to find out why there is social upheaval or rejection and demonstrations from society. This study was designed as qualitative research that is descriptive and analytic. Descriptive analysis was based on data, documents resulting from interviews and discussions with various stakeholders who know about cases of community demonstrations against GPPD exploration. The results of the study show that social environmental aspects receive less attention to the affected communities so that when environmental pollution occurs, the community overreacts to the GPPD construction implementers and the government. Supposedly, if the social environment aspect is carried out proportionally, then there will be no resistance from the community. In this case, the executors of the development have been bothered and even disrupted the development process itself. The social aspects that are less proportional are limited socialization, inaccurate ecological delineation, late recruitment of local workers, and insufficient involvement of NGOs.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72949475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33500
Polina Lemenkova, O. Debeir
This study presents new maps of the topographic and geophysical setting and seismicity in the region of the Gulf of Panama. The spatial analysis is based on the comparative analysis of the datasets on geoid, free-air gravity anomaly, topography and earthquakes. The cartographic framework is developed using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) scripting toolset. Seismic activity in the Central America is high due to the complex geologic setting, tectonic activity and lithosphere plate subduction. The data include the Earth Gravitational Model (EGM2008), the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) and gravity grids. The seismicity data were collected from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) catalogue on 1970–2021. The variations in data were compared to analyse correlations between the geophysical, seismic and topographic parameters. Free-air gravity, geoid and topographic data derived from the high-resolution datasets were used to investigate their effects on the main seismic sources in the region. The comparison of the maps showed that the distribution of the shallow earthquakes in the Pacific segment of Panama coincides with negative free-air anomalies and lower geoid values. The results revealed high values of geoid in the high mountainous regions of Panama (Cordilliera de Talamanca, southern coast of Peninsula de Azuero and eastern Panama, 77.5–78.5°W), which correspond to the topographic roughness in the highlands. Negative values of geoid are found over the Caribbean Sea basin (−4 to 0 m). The analyses of seismicity showed 1740 earthquake events varying by magnitudes from 2.9 to 7.8 at the depths up to 225 m (near the west coast of Colombia). A high concentration of the earthquakes is in the western region of the Panama’s shelf waters (~82–83.5°W), and on the border with Colombia (~77–78.5°W). High gravity anomalies (over 220 mGal) are found in the mountainous regions which match the geodynamic processes associated with the Earth structure and geodetic and geophysical effects. The regions of the high seismicity were defined in the Gulf of Chiriqui and eastern part of the Gulf of Panama.
这项研究提出了巴拿马湾地区的地形和地球物理环境以及地震活动性的新地图。空间分析是基于大地水准面、自由空气重力异常、地形和地震数据集的对比分析。制图框架是使用通用制图工具(GMT)脚本工具集开发的。由于复杂的地质环境、构造活动和岩石圈板块俯冲作用，中美洲地震活动频繁。这些数据包括地球引力模型(EGM2008)、海洋一般水深图(GEBCO)和重力网格。地震活动数据是从1970-2021年地震学联合研究机构(IRIS)目录中收集的。对数据的变化进行了比较，以分析地球物理、地震和地形参数之间的相关性。利用高分辨率数据集获得的自由空气重力、大地水准面和地形数据，研究了它们对该地区主要震源的影响。地图对比表明，巴拿马太平洋段浅层地震的分布与负的自由空气异常和较低的大地水准面值相吻合。结果表明，巴拿马高山区(Cordilliera de Talamanca, Azuero半岛南部海岸和巴拿马东部，77.5 ~ 78.5°W)大地水准面值较高，与高原地形粗糙度相对应。加勒比海盆地(- 4至0米)的大地水准面为负值。地震活动分析显示，在225米深处(哥伦比亚西海岸附近)发生了1740次地震，震级从2.9级到7.8级不等。地震的高度集中在巴拿马大陆架水域的西部地区(~ 82-83.5°W)和与哥伦比亚的边界地区(~ 77-78.5°W)。在山区发现了高重力异常(超过220 mGal)，与地球结构和大地物理效应相关的地球动力学过程相匹配。在奇里基湾和巴拿马湾东部确定了高地震活动性区域。
{"title":"Correlations between the Topography-Induced Gravity, Terrain Structure and the Seismicity in the Gulf of Panama","authors":"Polina Lemenkova, O. Debeir","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.2.33500","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents new maps of the topographic and geophysical setting and seismicity in the region of the Gulf of Panama. The spatial analysis is based on the comparative analysis of the datasets on geoid, free-air gravity anomaly, topography and earthquakes. The cartographic framework is developed using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) scripting toolset. Seismic activity in the Central America is high due to the complex geologic setting, tectonic activity and lithosphere plate subduction. The data include the Earth Gravitational Model (EGM2008), the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) and gravity grids. The seismicity data were collected from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) catalogue on 1970–2021. The variations in data were compared to analyse correlations between the geophysical, seismic and topographic parameters. Free-air gravity, geoid and topographic data derived from the high-resolution datasets were used to investigate their effects on the main seismic sources in the region. The comparison of the maps showed that the distribution of the shallow earthquakes in the Pacific segment of Panama coincides with negative free-air anomalies and lower geoid values. The results revealed high values of geoid in the high mountainous regions of Panama (Cordilliera de Talamanca, southern coast of Peninsula de Azuero and eastern Panama, 77.5–78.5°W), which correspond to the topographic roughness in the highlands. Negative values of geoid are found over the Caribbean Sea basin (−4 to 0 m). The analyses of seismicity showed 1740 earthquake events varying by magnitudes from 2.9 to 7.8 at the depths up to 225 m (near the west coast of Colombia). A high concentration of the earthquakes is in the western region of the Panama’s shelf waters (~82–83.5°W), and on the border with Colombia (~77–78.5°W). High gravity anomalies (over 220 mGal) are found in the mountainous regions which match the geodynamic processes associated with the Earth structure and geodetic and geophysical effects. The regions of the high seismicity were defined in the Gulf of Chiriqui and eastern part of the Gulf of Panama.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75066364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.33057
F. Hafid, A. Zeddouri, H. Zerrouki, Badreddine Saadali, L. Ghrieb, A. Sid
The North-Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) is a complex multi-layered aquifer system with extraordinary continental groundwater reserves. This largest aquifer in the world straddles three countries: Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia. It contains more than 50,000 billion cubic meters of water; of which, 70% is in Algerian territory in the southeast of the country. This water is the result of accumulation over 1 million years. In the Wadi Mya basin (Algeria), this system is characterized by two overlaid aquifer systems: the complex terminal (CT), a shallow aquifer housed in the Senonian-Eocene and Mio-Pliocene formations, and the continental intercalary (CI), a deep aquifer hosted in the Albian, Aptian and Barremian formations. The main purpose of this study is to carry out a correlation between the geochemical composition of the water and the facies of the aquifer formation. The adopted approach will allow deciphering the hydro-chemical relationships between the different levels of the two aquifer systems in the Wadi Mya basin. To acquire the chemical composition of water, the study method goes through a targeted sampling and physicochemical analysis of water followed by a statistical analysis as well as correlation and geochemical modelling: the interpretation of specific diagrams (Piper), correlations between chemical elements in binary graphs, and principal component analysis (PCA). The performed geochemical modelling by examining the saturation index and chemical balance of water helps to better understand the origin of mineralization, elucidate the mixing of waters originating from different aquifers, as well as highlight the relationship between deep and shallow aquifers in the Wadi Mya Basin hydrodynamic conversion. The obtained results indicate that the overall mineralization occurring within the study area is dominated by sodium chloride and calcium chloride-sulfate facies. This can be explained by the dissolution of halite, gypsum, and anhydrite evaporitic rocks, intercalated in the aquifer matrix besides the effects of the extended stay of fossil waters with low recharging and cation exchange reactions resulting from water-rock interactions. The interference recorded between the geochemical signatures of the two aquifers favors the hypothesis of interconnection between aquifers through fractures. Through the implementation of such academic research, this invaluable source of life will stay sustainable for future generations.
{"title":"Use of Hydro-chemical Tools to Improve Definitions of the North-Western Sahara Aquifer System, Case of Ouargla Groundwater, Algeria","authors":"F. Hafid, A. Zeddouri, H. Zerrouki, Badreddine Saadali, L. Ghrieb, A. Sid","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.33057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.33057","url":null,"abstract":"The North-Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) is a complex multi-layered aquifer system with extraordinary continental groundwater reserves. This largest aquifer in the world straddles three countries: Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia. It contains more than 50,000 billion cubic meters of water; of which, 70% is in Algerian territory in the southeast of the country. This water is the result of accumulation over 1 million years. In the Wadi Mya basin (Algeria), this system is characterized by two overlaid aquifer systems: the complex terminal (CT), a shallow aquifer housed in the Senonian-Eocene and Mio-Pliocene formations, and the continental intercalary (CI), a deep aquifer hosted in the Albian, Aptian and Barremian formations. The main purpose of this study is to carry out a correlation between the geochemical composition of the water and the facies of the aquifer formation. The adopted approach will allow deciphering the hydro-chemical relationships between the different levels of the two aquifer systems in the Wadi Mya basin. To acquire the chemical composition of water, the study method goes through a targeted sampling and physicochemical analysis of water followed by a statistical analysis as well as correlation and geochemical modelling: the interpretation of specific diagrams (Piper), correlations between chemical elements in binary graphs, and principal component analysis (PCA). The performed geochemical modelling by examining the saturation index and chemical balance of water helps to better understand the origin of mineralization, elucidate the mixing of waters originating from different aquifers, as well as highlight the relationship between deep and shallow aquifers in the Wadi Mya Basin hydrodynamic conversion. The obtained results indicate that the overall mineralization occurring within the study area is dominated by sodium chloride and calcium chloride-sulfate facies. This can be explained by the dissolution of halite, gypsum, and anhydrite evaporitic rocks, intercalated in the aquifer matrix besides the effects of the extended stay of fossil waters with low recharging and cation exchange reactions resulting from water-rock interactions. The interference recorded between the geochemical signatures of the two aquifers favors the hypothesis of interconnection between aquifers through fractures. Through the implementation of such academic research, this invaluable source of life will stay sustainable for future generations.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77860669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.32576
Carmen Barreto-Pio, Luigi Bravo-Toledo, Paul Virú-Vásquez, Ana Borda-Contreras, Edgard Zarate-Sarapura, A. Pilco
The co-treatment of acidic water (AW) and urban wastewater (UWW) is a technique that allows mitigating the negative impact of AW on natural aquatic environments, which represents one of the major environmental problems globally. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal conditions through the response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) for the co-treatment of AW from the Quiulacocha lagoon in Pasco and UWW from a municipality in Lima, Peru, having as factors the molar ratio of total iron (FeT) and total phosphorus (PT), time (min) and stirring speed (rpm). Data processing was performed using the Design-Expert 11 software, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence interval of 95% (α = 0.05) was used. The statistical models obtained showed high determination coefficients (R²), higher than 92% for pH, conductivity and FeT removal. While the removal of COD, PT and obtained a value of R²>0.80, as well as evidenced compliance with the level of significance P value > 0.05. The optimal conditions determined by the statistical model were given at a FeT /PT molar ratio (33:1), a stirring time of 5 min and a speed of 255 rpm. In these conditions, the COD was reduced by 71.78%, FeT by 99.48%, and PT by 84.29% with a residual concentration of 1.3 mg/L; the pH obtained a value of 5.7 and the turbidity 56 NTU. Better efficiency of the co-treatment for the reduction of pollutants in the AW of the Quiulacocha lagoon is evidenced, applying an experimental design to optimize the operating conditions, taking into account that the molar ratio is a significant factor and that optimizing it would allow the co-treatment to be replicated. Co-treatment is a sustainable and promising alternative for the treatment of AW and UWW, since it does not require the use of chemical agents to treat water. However, post-treatments would still be required to comply with certain regulations or to reuse the treated water on a larger scale.
{"title":"Optimization Applying Response Surface Methodology in the Co-treatment of Urban and Acid Wastewater from the Quiulacocha Lagoon, Pasco (Peru)","authors":"Carmen Barreto-Pio, Luigi Bravo-Toledo, Paul Virú-Vásquez, Ana Borda-Contreras, Edgard Zarate-Sarapura, A. Pilco","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.32576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.32576","url":null,"abstract":"The co-treatment of acidic water (AW) and urban wastewater (UWW) is a technique that allows mitigating the negative impact of AW on natural aquatic environments, which represents one of the major environmental problems globally. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal conditions through the response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) for the co-treatment of AW from the Quiulacocha lagoon in Pasco and UWW from a municipality in Lima, Peru, having as factors the molar ratio of total iron (FeT) and total phosphorus (PT), time (min) and stirring speed (rpm). Data processing was performed using the Design-Expert 11 software, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence interval of 95% (α = 0.05) was used. The statistical models obtained showed high determination coefficients (R²), higher than 92% for pH, conductivity and FeT removal. While the removal of COD, PT and obtained a value of R²>0.80, as well as evidenced compliance with the level of significance P value > 0.05. The optimal conditions determined by the statistical model were given at a FeT /PT molar ratio (33:1), a stirring time of 5 min and a speed of 255 rpm. In these conditions, the COD was reduced by 71.78%, FeT by 99.48%, and PT by 84.29% with a residual concentration of 1.3 mg/L; the pH obtained a value of 5.7 and the turbidity 56 NTU. Better efficiency of the co-treatment for the reduction of pollutants in the AW of the Quiulacocha lagoon is evidenced, applying an experimental design to optimize the operating conditions, taking into account that the molar ratio is a significant factor and that optimizing it would allow the co-treatment to be replicated. Co-treatment is a sustainable and promising alternative for the treatment of AW and UWW, since it does not require the use of chemical agents to treat water. However, post-treatments would still be required to comply with certain regulations or to reuse the treated water on a larger scale.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"44 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83985495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.32907
S. Almtori, R. Jassim, Dhia Chasib Ali, Esraa Habeeb Kadhim, R. Al-Sabur
Getting rid of plastic and rubber waste is one of the goals of achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Out-of-service tires and fuel and water tanks manufactured from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are the most common waste that cities suffer from. This paper aims to investigate the effect of reinforced waste polymer particles on the polyester resin matrix when producing polymer matrix composite materials from waste tires and damaged plastic water tanks with different polymeric percentages. The polymer matrix composite could be used later in different applications, such as insulators and vibration dampers. The composite materials were evaluated by measuring the Shore D hardness, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and coefficient of thermal conductivity. The overall results showed hopeful behavior. Mixing a specific mixture of waste PVC and tires with polyester and hardener gives a higher tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and Shore D hardness compared to each material when used separately. The thermal conductivity values increase with the mixing conditions between the materials. The thermal conductivity values can be reduced by using higher percentages of a mixture of waste tires and polyester or PVC and polyester. A 4.5% PVC, 4.5% tire and 91% (polyester and hardener) mixture can be recommended to improve tensile strength performance. A mix of 8.3% PVC, 8.3% tire, and 83.4% (polyester and hardener) can be recommended for high hardness.
{"title":"Sustainable Manufacturing Process Applied to Produce Waste Polymer-Polymer Matrix Composites","authors":"S. Almtori, R. Jassim, Dhia Chasib Ali, Esraa Habeeb Kadhim, R. Al-Sabur","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.32907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.32907","url":null,"abstract":"Getting rid of plastic and rubber waste is one of the goals of achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Out-of-service tires and fuel and water tanks manufactured from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are the most common waste that cities suffer from. This paper aims to investigate the effect of reinforced waste polymer particles on the polyester resin matrix when producing polymer matrix composite materials from waste tires and damaged plastic water tanks with different polymeric percentages. The polymer matrix composite could be used later in different applications, such as insulators and vibration dampers. The composite materials were evaluated by measuring the Shore D hardness, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and coefficient of thermal conductivity. The overall results showed hopeful behavior. Mixing a specific mixture of waste PVC and tires with polyester and hardener gives a higher tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and Shore D hardness compared to each material when used separately. The thermal conductivity values increase with the mixing conditions between the materials. The thermal conductivity values can be reduced by using higher percentages of a mixture of waste tires and polyester or PVC and polyester. A 4.5% PVC, 4.5% tire and 91% (polyester and hardener) mixture can be recommended to improve tensile strength performance. A mix of 8.3% PVC, 8.3% tire, and 83.4% (polyester and hardener) can be recommended for high hardness.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84045417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.33794
Green finance has been one of the trending keywords in Google trends in the recent years. Though it is not a buzzword for developed economies per se, it is for emerging markets. The goal of green finance is to provide funding for sustainable development projects. Green bonds (GB) are one of the green finance instruments and are issued to fixed-income seeking investors, and the funds collected through these are invested in green projects. Traditionally, firms in emerging economies (EE) have remained skewed towards bank loans as debt in the capital structure. It is important to highlight here that bank loans as debt were not always by their choice but by compulsion, also because other avenues of debt like bond markets in EEs are not well developed and are thinly traded. It is well known that bond markets are a better source of debt funding than other debt sources from the cost of funding and loan-concentration risk perspectives
{"title":"A Decade of Green Bond Markets in Emerging Economies","authors":"","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.33794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.79.1.33794","url":null,"abstract":"Green finance has been one of the trending keywords in Google trends in the recent years. Though it is not a buzzword for developed economies per se, it is for emerging markets. The goal of green finance is to provide funding for sustainable development projects. Green bonds (GB) are one of the green finance instruments and are issued to fixed-income seeking investors, and the funds collected through these are invested in green projects. Traditionally, firms in emerging economies (EE) have remained skewed towards bank loans as debt in the capital structure. It is important to highlight here that bank loans as debt were not always by their choice but by compulsion, also because other avenues of debt like bond markets in EEs are not well developed and are thinly traded. It is well known that bond markets are a better source of debt funding than other debt sources from the cost of funding and loan-concentration risk perspectives","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77420303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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