Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34761
Nur Afni Evalia, R. R. H. Teapon, Khairul Fahmi Purba, Nam Rumkel, P. K. D. Hayati
This study attempted to explore the potential of sustainable oil palm development in South Halmahera in line with the government policies reflected in the certification scheme including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS). Government, academia, a village headman, a non-government organisation and a company officer were involved in data collection. The study was carried out in 2021–2022. The results showed that the stakeholder and the company had similar social, economic, environmental and legal development priorities. Both focused on health, food security, poverty alleviation, education, gender, income, economic impact, and infrastructure. Also, both prioritised efficient natural resource use and eco-friendly technology. The stakeholders emphasised the significance of environmental conservation in achieving sustainability. On the other hand, the company prioritised addressing climate change. The findings also offered two paths to achieve sustainability based on the perspectives of the stakeholder and the company. Surprisingly, both agreed that the environment development pillar of the SDGs plays a pivotal role in attaining ISPO.
{"title":"The Synergy between SDGs and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil in Realising Sustainable Oil Palm Development in South Halmahera, Indonesia","authors":"Nur Afni Evalia, R. R. H. Teapon, Khairul Fahmi Purba, Nam Rumkel, P. K. D. Hayati","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34761","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempted to explore the potential of sustainable oil palm development in South Halmahera in line with the government policies reflected in the certification scheme including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS). Government, academia, a village headman, a non-government organisation and a company officer were involved in data collection. The study was carried out in 2021–2022. The results showed that the stakeholder and the company had similar social, economic, environmental and legal development priorities. Both focused on health, food security, poverty alleviation, education, gender, income, economic impact, and infrastructure. Also, both prioritised efficient natural resource use and eco-friendly technology. The stakeholders emphasised the significance of environmental conservation in achieving sustainability. On the other hand, the company prioritised addressing climate change. The findings also offered two paths to achieve sustainability based on the perspectives of the stakeholder and the company. Surprisingly, both agreed that the environment development pillar of the SDGs plays a pivotal role in attaining ISPO.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was undertaken to analyse the phytoremediation potential of weedy plants growing at dump yards. Two dump yard sites were chosen. Based on the distribution and abundance, 11 weedy species were collected bi-annually using the plot method along with soil samples. Both plants and soils were analysed for heavy metals, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated to assess the extent of soil contamination and the remediation potential of weedy plants. The weed plants collected from two yard sites showed an accumulation of metals, and the rate of accumulation varied among plant species. In the species at the dumping yard site, a higher accumulation of metals was observed for Panicum ciliare (As and Zn), Indigofera hirsuta (Cd and Ni), Chloris barbata (Cr), and Indigofera aspalathoides (Pb). Goiania macrocarpa has accumulated more As, Cu, Ni, and Zn metals in the industrial yard. The accumulation levels in plant tissues were assessed through BCF in the whole plant. The study results confirm that Panicum cillarae, Indigofera hirsuta, and Sida acuta at dump yard soils and Indigofera aspalathoides at industrial yard soil reported BCF values of more than one, indicating the potential of these plants for phytoremediation for selected metals. Six of the 11 weedy species were specific to accumulating metals from yard soils. They are Indigofera aspalathodies for Cd; Sida acuta, Panicum ciliare, and Indigofera hirsuta for As; Oldenlandia corymbose for Zn and As; and Gouinia macrocarpa for Zn. The findings suggest that weedy species growing naturally in the two yards sites adopted higher concentrations of the metals and can accumulate them to a higher degree in their body parts.
{"title":"A Study on Heavy Metal Contamination of Yard Soils and its Remediation Potential by Weedy Species","authors":"Ramoji Garuda, Gopamma Daka, Suresh Kumar Kolli, Srinivas Namuduri","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.33364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.33364","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to analyse the phytoremediation potential of weedy plants growing at dump yards. Two dump yard sites were chosen. Based on the distribution and abundance, 11 weedy species were collected bi-annually using the plot method along with soil samples. Both plants and soils were analysed for heavy metals, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated to assess the extent of soil contamination and the remediation potential of weedy plants.\u0000The weed plants collected from two yard sites showed an accumulation of metals, and the rate of accumulation varied among plant species. In the species at the dumping yard site, a higher accumulation of metals was observed for Panicum ciliare (As and Zn), Indigofera hirsuta (Cd and Ni), Chloris barbata (Cr), and Indigofera aspalathoides (Pb). Goiania macrocarpa has accumulated more As, Cu, Ni, and Zn metals in the industrial yard. The accumulation levels in plant tissues were assessed through BCF in the whole plant. The study results confirm that Panicum cillarae, Indigofera hirsuta, and Sida acuta at dump yard soils and Indigofera aspalathoides at industrial yard soil reported BCF values of more than one, indicating the potential of these plants for phytoremediation for selected metals.\u0000Six of the 11 weedy species were specific to accumulating metals from yard soils. They are Indigofera aspalathodies for Cd; Sida acuta, Panicum ciliare, and Indigofera hirsuta for As; Oldenlandia corymbose for Zn and As; and Gouinia macrocarpa for Zn. The findings suggest that weedy species growing naturally in the two yards sites adopted higher concentrations of the metals and can accumulate them to a higher degree in their body parts.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34118
Ligalem Agegn Asres, Melaku Adugnaw Walle
One of the alternative methods for managing irrigation water is deficit irrigation, particularly alternate furrow irrigation (AFI). This deficit in irrigation is affected by uncontrolled rainfall. In line with this, rainfall uncertainty causes a variation between the measured actual crop evapotranspiration and the theoretical crop evapotranspiration. Let us imagine that rain falls during the deficit irrigation research, and the soil moisture under the deficit experiment is then raised to the soil field capacity. It is incorrect to report the result as a deficit. Thus, there is a research gap on the effect of rainfall uncertainty on the quantity of theoretical and actual crop evapotranspiration under deficit irrigation. This study was carried out at the Arba Minch University demonstration site on onion crops. Using CROPWAT 8.0 software, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula. The crop coefficient and ETo were used to calculate the theoretical crop evapotranspiration. In contrast, actual crop evapotranspiration was calculated using soil moisture measurements before and after each irrigation event after applying theoretical crop evapotranspiration. As a result, there is a significant difference between the calculated theoretical crop evapotranspiration and actual crop evapotranspiration from a deficit study. Thus, the calculated seasonal theoretical crop evapotranspiration was 201.72 mm. On the other hand, the actual crop evapotranspiration was 275.82 mm. This revealed that the actual crop evapotranspiration was greater than the calculated theoretical crop evapotranspiration by 36.7%. Uncontrolled rainfall was identified as the output’s cause. This has an evident effect on the deficit in experimental research. Hence, conducting the deficit experiment in a greenhouse is more reasonable. In addition, it is possible to assess actual crop evapotranspiration based on daily soil moisture measurements and report the deficit level based on the measured amount.
{"title":"Challenge of Rainfall Uncertainty in the Study of Deficit Irrigation","authors":"Ligalem Agegn Asres, Melaku Adugnaw Walle","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34118","url":null,"abstract":"One of the alternative methods for managing irrigation water is deficit irrigation, particularly alternate furrow irrigation (AFI). This deficit in irrigation is affected by uncontrolled rainfall. In line with this, rainfall uncertainty causes a variation between the measured actual crop evapotranspiration and the theoretical crop evapotranspiration. Let us imagine that rain falls during the deficit irrigation research, and the soil moisture under the deficit experiment is then raised to the soil field capacity. It is incorrect to report the result as a deficit. Thus, there is a research gap on the effect of rainfall uncertainty on the quantity of theoretical and actual crop evapotranspiration under deficit irrigation. This study was carried out at the Arba Minch University demonstration site on onion crops. Using CROPWAT 8.0 software, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula. The crop coefficient and ETo were used to calculate the theoretical crop evapotranspiration. In contrast, actual crop evapotranspiration was calculated using soil moisture measurements before and after each irrigation event after applying theoretical crop evapotranspiration. As a result, there is a significant difference between the calculated theoretical crop evapotranspiration and actual crop evapotranspiration from a deficit study. Thus, the calculated seasonal theoretical crop evapotranspiration was 201.72 mm. On the other hand, the actual crop evapotranspiration was 275.82 mm. This revealed that the actual crop evapotranspiration was greater than the calculated theoretical crop evapotranspiration by 36.7%. Uncontrolled rainfall was identified as the output’s cause. This has an evident effect on the deficit in experimental research. Hence, conducting the deficit experiment in a greenhouse is more reasonable. In addition, it is possible to assess actual crop evapotranspiration based on daily soil moisture measurements and report the deficit level based on the measured amount.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.37894
Inga Bochoidze
Grape processing by-products, such as pomace, seeds, and skins, are increasingly recognized for their potential in sustainable development practices. These by-products constitute a significant portion of agricultural waste and are rich in valuable phenolic compounds. In 2021, the grape processing industry contributed to the creation of substantial organic waste, which, if not managed sustainably, could result in environmental degradation. By leveraging advanced extraction technologies and sustainable management practices, the industry can transform this waste into valuable products, promoting environmental sustainability and providing socioeconomic benefits. This study underscores the importance of innovative, circular economy approaches in grape processing to address waste management and resource recovery.
{"title":"Grape Processing for Sustainable Development","authors":"Inga Bochoidze","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.37894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.37894","url":null,"abstract":"Grape processing by-products, such as pomace, seeds, and skins, are increasingly recognized for their potential in sustainable development practices. These by-products constitute a significant portion of agricultural waste and are rich in valuable phenolic compounds. In 2021, the grape processing industry contributed to the creation of substantial organic waste, which, if not managed sustainably, could result in environmental degradation. By leveraging advanced extraction technologies and sustainable management practices, the industry can transform this waste into valuable products, promoting environmental sustainability and providing socioeconomic benefits. This study underscores the importance of innovative, circular economy approaches in grape processing to address waste management and resource recovery.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34789
Qusay Al-Obaidi, H. Aljibori, Thamer Adnan Abdullah, M. N. Mohammed, O. Abdullah
The ceramic membrane surfaces coated with cysteic acid were tested for efficacy and the fouling rate at constant crossflow velocities (CFV) and two transmembrane pressures (TMP). The crossflow mode was used during the filtration process to enable the membranes to perform for longer periods. The calculated variability and substance rejection were used to determine the performance of the membranes. In addition, cleaning in situ (CIP) was performed on the membranes to ensure that the flux recovery process was executed smoothly after each run. The current study uses ceramic microfiltration membranes to investigate the effectiveness of a 2600-ppm calcium carbonate solution and 260-ppm 4-nitrophenol extraction/removal from water samples. The concentrations of Ca2+ ions of the distinct concentration samples were reduced by 89–96% by non-coating and coating ceramic microfiltration membranes for a three-hour reaction time. At the end of the run, the concentration of the solution was at a TMP of 0.20 MPa with an efficiency of about 99.5% at t = 160 min with a sustainable flux.
{"title":"Performance Investigation of Surface Modified Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes of Ionic Water Treatment","authors":"Qusay Al-Obaidi, H. Aljibori, Thamer Adnan Abdullah, M. N. Mohammed, O. Abdullah","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34789","url":null,"abstract":"The ceramic membrane surfaces coated with cysteic acid were tested for efficacy and the fouling rate at constant crossflow velocities (CFV) and two transmembrane pressures (TMP). The crossflow mode was used during the filtration process to enable the membranes to perform for longer periods. The calculated variability and substance rejection were used to determine the performance of the membranes. In addition, cleaning in situ (CIP) was performed on the membranes to ensure that the flux recovery process was executed smoothly after each run. The current study uses ceramic microfiltration membranes to investigate the effectiveness of a 2600-ppm calcium carbonate solution and 260-ppm 4-nitrophenol extraction/removal from water samples. The concentrations of Ca2+ ions of the distinct concentration samples were reduced by 89–96% by non-coating and coating ceramic microfiltration membranes for a three-hour reaction time. At the end of the run, the concentration of the solution was at a TMP of 0.20 MPa with an efficiency of about 99.5% at t = 160 min with a sustainable flux.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"141 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34237
Bryan Kevin Tello-Cruzado, Maria Azañedo-Vargas, C. Quiñones-Cerna, A. Fuentes-Olivera, J. C. Rodríguez-Soto, M. A. Quezada-Alvarez, J. Cruz-Monzón
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) has unique physicochemical and mechanical properties like conventional plastics; however, its high production cost makes it unsuitable for commercial use. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to use low-cost and bioavailable raw materials such as agro-industrial waste of asparagus husk, as substrate for obtaining PHA by Bacillus thuringiensis. The proximal characteristics and structural carbohydrates of the waste were previously determined using HPLC. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a Plackett-Burman design and response surface of the central compounds, evaluating temperature, %NaOH, time, % solid/liquid and solvent. Likewise, the enzymatic hydrolysates of the optimal conditions of the pretreatment were used, using an enzymatic solution with cellulase activity at 45°C at 100 rpm for 72 h. To produce PHA, a mineral-based medium, supplemented with enzymatic hydrolysate from the optimal pretreatment, was utilized. This study examined the effects of varying initial inoculum concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 g/L) and percentages of enzymatic hydrolysate supplement (%, v/v). The process was conducted at 30°C and agitated at 125 rpm for 72 h. Maximum production of PHA was obtained with 0.138 g/L from an initial inoculum of 0.75 g/L of B. thuringiensis and a 47% supplement of the enzymatic hydrolysate. The PHA biopolymer was identified by its chemical characteristics by FTIR and correlated by HPLC with a standard. This study contributes to the use of agro-industrial waste to obtain biologically-based bioplastic through a low-cost process aligned with the circular economy strategy.
{"title":"Use of Enzymatic Hydrolysate from Agroindustrial Asparagus Waste as Substrate for the Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate by Bacillus thuringiensis","authors":"Bryan Kevin Tello-Cruzado, Maria Azañedo-Vargas, C. Quiñones-Cerna, A. Fuentes-Olivera, J. C. Rodríguez-Soto, M. A. Quezada-Alvarez, J. Cruz-Monzón","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34237","url":null,"abstract":"Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) has unique physicochemical and mechanical properties like conventional plastics; however, its high production cost makes it unsuitable for commercial use. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to use low-cost and bioavailable raw materials such as agro-industrial waste of asparagus husk, as substrate for obtaining PHA by Bacillus thuringiensis. The proximal characteristics and structural carbohydrates of the waste were previously determined using HPLC. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a Plackett-Burman design and response surface of the central compounds, evaluating temperature, %NaOH, time, % solid/liquid and solvent. Likewise, the enzymatic hydrolysates of the optimal conditions of the pretreatment were used, using an enzymatic solution with cellulase activity at 45°C at 100 rpm for 72 h. To produce PHA, a mineral-based medium, supplemented with enzymatic hydrolysate from the optimal pretreatment, was utilized. This study examined the effects of varying initial inoculum concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 g/L) and percentages of enzymatic hydrolysate supplement (%, v/v). The process was conducted at 30°C and agitated at 125 rpm for 72 h. Maximum production of PHA was obtained with 0.138 g/L from an initial inoculum of 0.75 g/L of B. thuringiensis and a 47% supplement of the enzymatic hydrolysate. The PHA biopolymer was identified by its chemical characteristics by FTIR and correlated by HPLC with a standard. This study contributes to the use of agro-industrial waste to obtain biologically-based bioplastic through a low-cost process aligned with the circular economy strategy.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34642
Z. Anang, Zulkifli Yusop, Ashok K. Sharma, Amera Otoum
Water security has become a critical issue worldwide in the 21st century due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and climate change. These factors have affected water availability, particularly for domestic consumption, leading to a potential water crisis. To better understand the factors affecting water security among various income groups and explore water consumption patterns, a study was conducted using a multiple regression model. The dependent variable was water security, and the independent variables were based on socioeconomic characteristics. A total of 571 residents from Malaysia’s higher-income, middle-income, and lowest-income groups participated in the study. The study found that several factors significantly influenced water security, including race, household size, type of house, education, and income. In Johor, household size, type of house, and income explained 65% of the variance in water security for the overall income group. In Terengganu, race, type of house, education, and income explained 96% of the variance in water security for the overall income group. The variable income had a significant relationship with water security, with approximately 0.01% and 0.05% in Johor and 0.10% in Terengganu. These results indicate that socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in water security for both indoor and outdoor activities. Access to water is a basic need that affects the quality of life, especially for drinking water. Therefore, these findings are essential for water operators to manage and educate households through campaigns on sustainable water use and conservation. The lack of availability and access to basic water impedes individuals and communities from achieving a greater quality of life.
{"title":"Sustainable Water Consumption Patterns and Factors: A Case Study of Income-Related Water Security","authors":"Z. Anang, Zulkifli Yusop, Ashok K. Sharma, Amera Otoum","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34642","url":null,"abstract":"Water security has become a critical issue worldwide in the 21st century due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and climate change. These factors have affected water availability, particularly for domestic consumption, leading to a potential water crisis. To better understand the factors affecting water security among various income groups and explore water consumption patterns, a study was conducted using a multiple regression model. The dependent variable was water security, and the independent variables were based on socioeconomic characteristics. A total of 571 residents from Malaysia’s higher-income, middle-income, and lowest-income groups participated in the study. The study found that several factors significantly influenced water security, including race, household size, type of house, education, and income. In Johor, household size, type of house, and income explained 65% of the variance in water security for the overall income group. In Terengganu, race, type of house, education, and income explained 96% of the variance in water security for the overall income group. The variable income had a significant relationship with water security, with approximately 0.01% and 0.05% in Johor and 0.10% in Terengganu. These results indicate that socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in water security for both indoor and outdoor activities. Access to water is a basic need that affects the quality of life, especially for drinking water. Therefore, these findings are essential for water operators to manage and educate households through campaigns on sustainable water use and conservation. The lack of availability and access to basic water impedes individuals and communities from achieving a greater quality of life.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.35898
R. Sunartaty, A. Muslim, S. Aprilia, M. Mahidin
The study was focused on developing adsorbents from tofu waste (TW) for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II). FTIR analysis showed that NaOH activation of TW affected the transmittance of active sites. XRD analysis identified increasing crystallinity after NaOH treatment. SEM analysis demonstrated larger pores with higher NaOH concentrations, reducing adsorbent size. The adsorption capacity reached a maximum equilibrium of 99.86 mg/g and 87.81 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively, using TW activated by 0.6 M NaOH. Both Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorptions followed a linearized pseudo second-order kinetics model, with capacities of 100.00 mg/g and 87.719 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit, yielding maximum overall adsorption capacities of 77.519 mg/g for Pb(II) and 91.743 mg/g for Cu(II) at the initial concentrations being 9.89–499.51 mg/L and 10.08–499.92 mg/L for Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller study results showed that the saturation capacities and total pore volumes were 50.505 mg/g and 49.500 L/mg, respectively, for Pb(II), and 84.388 mg/g and 237.000 L/mg, respectively, for Cu(II).
{"title":"NaOH-Activated Tofu Waste Adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cu(II) Adsorption: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies","authors":"R. Sunartaty, A. Muslim, S. Aprilia, M. Mahidin","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.35898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.35898","url":null,"abstract":"The study was focused on developing adsorbents from tofu waste (TW) for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II). FTIR analysis showed that NaOH activation of TW affected the transmittance of active sites. XRD analysis identified increasing crystallinity after NaOH treatment. SEM analysis demonstrated larger pores with higher NaOH concentrations, reducing adsorbent size. The adsorption capacity reached a maximum equilibrium of 99.86 mg/g and 87.81 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively, using TW activated by 0.6 M NaOH. Both Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorptions followed a linearized pseudo second-order kinetics model, with capacities of 100.00 mg/g and 87.719 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit, yielding maximum overall adsorption capacities of 77.519 mg/g for Pb(II) and 91.743 mg/g for Cu(II) at the initial concentrations being 9.89–499.51 mg/L and 10.08–499.92 mg/L for Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller study results showed that the saturation capacities and total pore volumes were 50.505 mg/g and 49.500 L/mg, respectively, for Pb(II), and 84.388 mg/g and 237.000 L/mg, respectively, for Cu(II).","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34965
Thao P. Nguyen, Ha N. Hoang, Huyen T. T. Dang
While great attention has been focused on urban waste management, waste management in rural areas is still much less concerned both at investigation and investment levels. This study aims to survey household waste generation, treatment methods, and willingness-to-pay in a low-income province in the northern part of Vietnam. The results showed that the solid waste generation rate varied depending on household size and economic conditions. Specifically, they were 0.62 kg/person/day, 0.49 kg/person/day, and about 0.25 kg/person/day, respectively, for people living in the provincial city, town, and communes. On average, the waste generation was about 0.33 kg/ person/day, which was much lower than in other provinces of Vietnam; however, this rate was at the same level as other low-income provinces internationally. The surveyees were willing to pay only about US$ 0.25/HH/month (accounting for 0.25% of HH monthly expenses). This payment rate was low, leading to many challenges in proper waste management in rural areas.
{"title":"Assessment of Household Waste Generation and Management in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Ha Nam Province, Vietnam","authors":"Thao P. Nguyen, Ha N. Hoang, Huyen T. T. Dang","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.34965","url":null,"abstract":"While great attention has been focused on urban waste management, waste management in rural areas is still much less concerned both at investigation and investment levels. This study aims to survey household waste generation, treatment methods, and willingness-to-pay in a low-income province in the northern part of Vietnam. The results showed that the solid waste generation rate varied depending on household size and economic conditions. Specifically, they were 0.62 kg/person/day, 0.49 kg/person/day, and about 0.25 kg/person/day, respectively, for people living in the provincial city, town, and communes. On average, the waste generation was about 0.33 kg/ person/day, which was much lower than in other provinces of Vietnam; however, this rate was at the same level as other low-income provinces internationally. The surveyees were willing to pay only about US$ 0.25/HH/month (accounting for 0.25% of HH monthly expenses). This payment rate was low, leading to many challenges in proper waste management in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.35073
Rahul Dey, Shrutimoyee Hazarika, Rajiv Chetia, B. Chatterji
The cost of producing xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris is heavily impacted by the use of sugar or dextrose as a carbon source from an industrial standpoint. To address this, the researchers in this study opted to use kitchen waste, a substantial solid waste from the food industry, as a valuable source of fermentable sugars. Inedible parts of broccoli and cauliflower used as kitchen waste in this study show promising potential as an economically and ecologically sustainable material for fermenting biomolecules. This study aims to evaluate the viability of utilizing kitchen waste as a cost-effective, ecologically sustainable carbon source to produce xanthan, making use of Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 2961 in the process. Aqueous extracts of inedible parts of cauliflower and broccoli were fermented with Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 2961 at standard conditions. The fermentation parameters, including, pH, temperature, agitation, and incubation period were varied at different levels to study the effects of varying conditions on the xanthan yield and to determine the optimum levels of the fermentation parameters. After the fermentation process, the xanthan gum was separated from the broth through alcoholic precipitation and subsequent drying. The weight of the dried gum was recorded. To analyze the properties of the xanthan obtained from the alternative medium under standard conditions, it was compared with commercial food-grade xanthan using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of xanthan produced from the alternate medium showed a close resemblance to that of the commercial food-grade xanthan. The results obtained validate the potential of kitchen waste as a cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative carbon source for xanthan production, thereby decreasing the cost of production and solid waste generated.
{"title":"Production of Xanthan Gum from Inedible Parts of Broccoli and Cauliflower","authors":"Rahul Dey, Shrutimoyee Hazarika, Rajiv Chetia, B. Chatterji","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.35073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.2.35073","url":null,"abstract":"The cost of producing xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris is heavily impacted by the use of sugar or dextrose as a carbon source from an industrial standpoint. To address this, the researchers in this study opted to use kitchen waste, a substantial solid waste from the food industry, as a valuable source of fermentable sugars. Inedible parts of broccoli and cauliflower used as kitchen waste in this study show promising potential as an economically and ecologically sustainable material for fermenting biomolecules. This study aims to evaluate the viability of utilizing kitchen waste as a cost-effective, ecologically sustainable carbon source to produce xanthan, making use of Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 2961 in the process. Aqueous extracts of inedible parts of cauliflower and broccoli were fermented with Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 2961 at standard conditions. The fermentation parameters, including, pH, temperature, agitation, and incubation period were varied at different levels to study the effects of varying conditions on the xanthan yield and to determine the optimum levels of the fermentation parameters. After the fermentation process, the xanthan gum was separated from the broth through alcoholic precipitation and subsequent drying. The weight of the dried gum was recorded. To analyze the properties of the xanthan obtained from the alternative medium under standard conditions, it was compared with commercial food-grade xanthan using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of xanthan produced from the alternate medium showed a close resemblance to that of the commercial food-grade xanthan. The results obtained validate the potential of kitchen waste as a cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative carbon source for xanthan production, thereby decreasing the cost of production and solid waste generated.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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