Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043233
O. Mohammed, T. Calvert, L. Petersen, R. McConnell
This paper investigates some aspects on noise and vibrations of electrical machinery based upon the coupling between the magnetic field and the mechanical deformation in the stator. This coupling is typically considered by using reluctance forces. Since the deformations occurring are small compared to the machine's dimensions, there is no feedback to the magnetic system in numerical models. However, stator deformations are caused not only by reluctance forces, but also by magnetostriction effect of the stator iron. Magnetostriction is One of the main causes of noise in electromagnetic systems particularly when the flux density is above 1.5 Teslas. Here, the authors develop numerical models that incorporate magnetostriction effects and all other possible electromechanical forces and related material interactions. Magnetostriction presents a problem at all levels of frequencies. At frequencies, particularly 2E, magnetostrictive forces are undesirable and can be large as well as generate acoustic noise, which can impede the system's performance. The magnetostrictive deformations can be calculated based upon the magnetic field. If the magnetostrictive deformations are slightly higher than the magnitude of the deformations caused by the reluctance forces, there will be a need for feedback to the magnetic system. In order to account for this effect, the magnetostriction characteristic of iron 1(H) is needed. The dependency of permeability on mechanical stress must be accounted for and be built into a strong coupling scheme. Implementation results on a 2-hp, permanent magnet motor indicate that magnetostrictive forces are significant and must be accounted for in the electromagnetic system's design stage.
{"title":"Transient modeling of coupled magnetoelastic problems in electric machines","authors":"O. Mohammed, T. Calvert, L. Petersen, R. McConnell","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043233","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates some aspects on noise and vibrations of electrical machinery based upon the coupling between the magnetic field and the mechanical deformation in the stator. This coupling is typically considered by using reluctance forces. Since the deformations occurring are small compared to the machine's dimensions, there is no feedback to the magnetic system in numerical models. However, stator deformations are caused not only by reluctance forces, but also by magnetostriction effect of the stator iron. Magnetostriction is One of the main causes of noise in electromagnetic systems particularly when the flux density is above 1.5 Teslas. Here, the authors develop numerical models that incorporate magnetostriction effects and all other possible electromechanical forces and related material interactions. Magnetostriction presents a problem at all levels of frequencies. At frequencies, particularly 2E, magnetostrictive forces are undesirable and can be large as well as generate acoustic noise, which can impede the system's performance. The magnetostrictive deformations can be calculated based upon the magnetic field. If the magnetostrictive deformations are slightly higher than the magnitude of the deformations caused by the reluctance forces, there will be a need for feedback to the magnetic system. In order to account for this effect, the magnetostriction characteristic of iron 1(H) is needed. The dependency of permeability on mechanical stress must be accounted for and be built into a strong coupling scheme. Implementation results on a 2-hp, permanent magnet motor indicate that magnetostrictive forces are significant and must be accounted for in the electromagnetic system's design stage.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121667491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043452
A. Hasanovic, A. Feliachi
This paper presents a GA based optimization scheme for simultaneous coordination of multiple power system damping controllers. Both, local and remote, measurements are considered as input signals to the damping controllers. The proposed algorithm is applied to tuning of single and multiple power system stabilizers as well as tuning of a static VAr compensator. Controller design is tested on the small and mid-sized power systems to prove its effectiveness. All simulations are carried out using the MATLAB based package for nonlinear simulations of power systems, Power Analysis Toolbox (PAT), developed at West Virginia University's Advanced Power Engineering Research Center. Controllers are designed using MATLAB Control System Toolbox and optimized using GAOT toolbox.
{"title":"Genetic algorithm based inter-area oscillation damping controller design using MATLAB","authors":"A. Hasanovic, A. Feliachi","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043452","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a GA based optimization scheme for simultaneous coordination of multiple power system damping controllers. Both, local and remote, measurements are considered as input signals to the damping controllers. The proposed algorithm is applied to tuning of single and multiple power system stabilizers as well as tuning of a static VAr compensator. Controller design is tested on the small and mid-sized power systems to prove its effectiveness. All simulations are carried out using the MATLAB based package for nonlinear simulations of power systems, Power Analysis Toolbox (PAT), developed at West Virginia University's Advanced Power Engineering Research Center. Controllers are designed using MATLAB Control System Toolbox and optimized using GAOT toolbox.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121668204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043523
M. Adibi
The remote blackstart operation is a significant industry problem because a considerable portion of the electricity is supplied by base-loaded steam electric units. These units are located remote from the load centers supplying power over high- and extra-high voltage lines, they generally have no blackstart capability and need considerable off-site power for startup operations. The critical time allowed for their hot restart is 45 to 60 minutes, and their cold restart requires an elapsed time of 3 to 4 hours after outage. On the other-hand, combustion turbine units are installed close to the load centers, they are used as cycling units to meet the daily peak demands, need no off-site power for startups, and can be started in 5 to 15 minutes. Although they have not been designed, nor intended as the blackstart source, they can be an economical and a very attractive option for the remote blackstart of steam electric units, provided they meet the reactive power requirements. This paper examines the feasibility of blackstarting a steam electric station by a remote combustion turbine station. The feasibility is demonstrated in a 12-bus system that is in operation in a Mid-western utility.
{"title":"Remote blackstart of steam electric station","authors":"M. Adibi","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043523","url":null,"abstract":"The remote blackstart operation is a significant industry problem because a considerable portion of the electricity is supplied by base-loaded steam electric units. These units are located remote from the load centers supplying power over high- and extra-high voltage lines, they generally have no blackstart capability and need considerable off-site power for startup operations. The critical time allowed for their hot restart is 45 to 60 minutes, and their cold restart requires an elapsed time of 3 to 4 hours after outage. On the other-hand, combustion turbine units are installed close to the load centers, they are used as cycling units to meet the daily peak demands, need no off-site power for startups, and can be started in 5 to 15 minutes. Although they have not been designed, nor intended as the blackstart source, they can be an economical and a very attractive option for the remote blackstart of steam electric units, provided they meet the reactive power requirements. This paper examines the feasibility of blackstarting a steam electric station by a remote combustion turbine station. The feasibility is demonstrated in a 12-bus system that is in operation in a Mid-western utility.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"80 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114000650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043467
R. Clayton
This paper discusses the nature of transmission planning, the role of market design and pricing in transmission planning, and new planning factors introduced by deregulation.
本文讨论了输电规划的本质，市场设计和定价在输电规划中的作用，以及管制放松引入的新规划因素。
{"title":"Transmission expansion planning in a competitive environment","authors":"R. Clayton","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043467","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the nature of transmission planning, the role of market design and pricing in transmission planning, and new planning factors introduced by deregulation.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124053021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043162
L. Bronicki, D. Schochet
This presentation describes the technology and field experience with various geothermal binary and combined steam/binary plants for both water and steam dominated resources having low, moderate or high enthalpy. This presentation focuses on ORMAT's perspective and 18 years experience. The power conversion cycles of successful operating plants in the USA, Iceland, the Philippines and the Azores are reviewed, as well as the re-powering of existing steam plants for increased efficiency and reduction of environmental impact.
{"title":"A developer's perspective: eighteen years of field experience with innovative geothermal power plants","authors":"L. Bronicki, D. Schochet","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043162","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation describes the technology and field experience with various geothermal binary and combined steam/binary plants for both water and steam dominated resources having low, moderate or high enthalpy. This presentation focuses on ORMAT's perspective and 18 years experience. The power conversion cycles of successful operating plants in the USA, Iceland, the Philippines and the Azores are reviewed, as well as the re-powering of existing steam plants for increased efficiency and reduction of environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126204163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043556
Gary W. Chang, Tai-Chang Shee
This paper present a comparative study of the effectiveness of six approaches for determining reference compensation currents of shunt active power filters to maintain sinusoidal source currents supplied to nonlinear loads. These approaches to be compared include instantaneous reactive power theory, instantaneous power theory based on symmetrical components, generalized instantaneous reactive power theory, synchronous reference frame method, synchronous detection method, and a novel approach in the a-b-c reference frame based on symmetrical components. Simulation results show that the six approaches are all effective on compensating reactive and harmonic components of load currents under ideal source voltages. However, when the source voltages are either unbalanced or nonsinusoidal, each approach presents inconsistent results on maintaining sinusoidal source current.
{"title":"A comparative study of active power filter reference compensation approaches","authors":"Gary W. Chang, Tai-Chang Shee","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043556","url":null,"abstract":"This paper present a comparative study of the effectiveness of six approaches for determining reference compensation currents of shunt active power filters to maintain sinusoidal source currents supplied to nonlinear loads. These approaches to be compared include instantaneous reactive power theory, instantaneous power theory based on symmetrical components, generalized instantaneous reactive power theory, synchronous reference frame method, synchronous detection method, and a novel approach in the a-b-c reference frame based on symmetrical components. Simulation results show that the six approaches are all effective on compensating reactive and harmonic components of load currents under ideal source voltages. However, when the source voltages are either unbalanced or nonsinusoidal, each approach presents inconsistent results on maintaining sinusoidal source current.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126210367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043205
H. Nikkhajoei, M. Iravani
A modeling approach for a micro-turbine based generator (MTG) system for the analysis of its thermodynamics, electromechanical stability and small-signal dynamic performance is presented. The MTG system is considered as a distributed energy resource which is interfaced with an electric power distribution system. Overall model of the MTG system including electromechanical sub-system, power electronic converter, filters, interface transformer, local load, distribution system, turbine-generator controls and the converter control are developed. Performance of the system under various fault and planned switching scenarios are investigated. NETOMAC software environment is used for the studies.
{"title":"Modeling and analysis of a micro-turbine generation system","authors":"H. Nikkhajoei, M. Iravani","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043205","url":null,"abstract":"A modeling approach for a micro-turbine based generator (MTG) system for the analysis of its thermodynamics, electromechanical stability and small-signal dynamic performance is presented. The MTG system is considered as a distributed energy resource which is interfaced with an electric power distribution system. Overall model of the MTG system including electromechanical sub-system, power electronic converter, filters, interface transformer, local load, distribution system, turbine-generator controls and the converter control are developed. Performance of the system under various fault and planned switching scenarios are investigated. NETOMAC software environment is used for the studies.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125452423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043365
R. Vice
Summary form only given. This article discusses the following questions related to power system reliability: What is reliability? Who is responsible for the various aspects of reliability? Who is responsible for what time frames? What about economics? As long as locational marginal price (LMP) or some other well understood system parameter can be utilized as a proxy for the reliability level that a given customer is willing to pay for, then the process can be managed in real time. This assumes that security constrained economic dispatch (SCED) or other automated tools can be made available to the system operators and that these tools reflect the system operators perception of reliability risk on the system. Without such automated tools, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to manage this process.
{"title":"Operational reliability: objective or constraint?","authors":"R. Vice","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043365","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. This article discusses the following questions related to power system reliability: What is reliability? Who is responsible for the various aspects of reliability? Who is responsible for what time frames? What about economics? As long as locational marginal price (LMP) or some other well understood system parameter can be utilized as a proxy for the reliability level that a given customer is willing to pay for, then the process can be managed in real time. This assumes that security constrained economic dispatch (SCED) or other automated tools can be made available to the system operators and that these tools reflect the system operators perception of reliability risk on the system. Without such automated tools, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to manage this process.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126070326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043594
Jun Yu, J. Mickey
This paper introduces the ERCOT Balancing Energy Market, which consists of a Zonal Congestion Management Market and a Local Congestion Management Market. The ERCOT Energy Market is not a fully competitive market and appropriate measures are needed to prevent monopoly prices. A decomposition method is proposed to implement the "market solution" measure in the ERCOT Local Congestion Market to eliminate any monopoly price. The market solution measure is further extended to the ERCOT Zonal Congestion Management Market to eliminate any sacrificial bids and to set feasible market clearing prices that reflect the true market. A case study has been conducted using the proposed market solution identification method and the market clearing price recalculation method.
{"title":"Market Solution in ERCOT Balancing Energy Market","authors":"Jun Yu, J. Mickey","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043594","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the ERCOT Balancing Energy Market, which consists of a Zonal Congestion Management Market and a Local Congestion Management Market. The ERCOT Energy Market is not a fully competitive market and appropriate measures are needed to prevent monopoly prices. A decomposition method is proposed to implement the \"market solution\" measure in the ERCOT Local Congestion Market to eliminate any monopoly price. The market solution measure is further extended to the ERCOT Zonal Congestion Management Market to eliminate any sacrificial bids and to set feasible market clearing prices that reflect the true market. A case study has been conducted using the proposed market solution identification method and the market clearing price recalculation method.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127912262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PESS.2002.1043415
J. Paserba
This paper presents the concept and applications of secondary voltage-VAr controls applied to static compensators (STATCOMs) for fast voltage control and long term VAr management. The main purpose of the secondary controls is to ensure that an adequate range of the STATCOM dynamic capability is available for major system disturbances. The output of the secondary controls presented here call for the switching of capacitor banks to "reset" the reactive power output of the STATCOM to a prespecified level after a system event or during the course of a daily load cycle, or for fast voltage control. Two recent applications of STATCOMs coordinated with local and remote capacitor banks for the purpose of fast voltage control and long term VAr management are presented.
{"title":"Secondary voltage-VAr controls applied to static compensators (STATCOMs) for fast voltage control and long term VAr management","authors":"J. Paserba","doi":"10.1109/PESS.2002.1043415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2002.1043415","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the concept and applications of secondary voltage-VAr controls applied to static compensators (STATCOMs) for fast voltage control and long term VAr management. The main purpose of the secondary controls is to ensure that an adequate range of the STATCOM dynamic capability is available for major system disturbances. The output of the secondary controls presented here call for the switching of capacitor banks to \"reset\" the reactive power output of the STATCOM to a prespecified level after a system event or during the course of a daily load cycle, or for fast voltage control. Two recent applications of STATCOMs coordinated with local and remote capacitor banks for the purpose of fast voltage control and long term VAr management are presented.","PeriodicalId":117177,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121620518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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