Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-48-58
V. I. Sergevnin, O. V. Tukacheva, O. E. Mikova, M. V. Rozhkova
Relevance. The mortality rate of patients with HIV infection, including concomitant tuberculosis (HIV/TB), continues to increase. The goal of the work is to study the longterm dynamics of HIVinfected mortality and risk factors of the lethal outcome in the presence and absence of concomitant tuberculosis.Materials and methods. An assessment of the mortality rates of HIV-infected people among the population of the Perm Region during the period from 2005 (the year of registration of the first cases of HIV/TB) to 2021 was carried out. In order to determine the life expectancy of patients and risk factors of the lethal outcome the analysis of 414 outpatient records of HIVinfected people who died in 2021 was carried out. The degree of immunodeficiency and viral load in patients was taken into account based on the results of examinations conducted in the period 6 months before the lethal outcome.Results. During the 15year period of registration of the incidence of HIV/TB in the study area, 57.0% of those who died from causes directly related to HIV infection had TB. At the same time, despite the decrease in mortality from monotuberculous infection as a result of a decrease in the incidence of TB, in recent years there has been an increase in mortality from HIV/TB due to the intensification of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The average life expectancy of HIV-infected people who died directly from HIV infection in the absence of TB was 6.7 ± 0.3 years, with concomitant TB 5.7 ± 0.3 years. The lethal outcome of patients with HIV infection in the presence of TB and without TB was most often recorded with the number of CD4 + < 200 cells /ml and viral load > 100,000 copies /MBNA of HIV. At the same time, immunosuppression in deceased HIV/TB patients was more pronounced than in HIV-infected patients in the absence of TB.
{"title":"Long-Term Dynamics of HIV-Infected Mortality and Risk Factors of the Lethal Outcome in the Presence and Absence of Concomitant Tuberculosis","authors":"V. I. Sergevnin, O. V. Tukacheva, O. E. Mikova, M. V. Rozhkova","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-48-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-48-58","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The mortality rate of patients with HIV infection, including concomitant tuberculosis (HIV/TB), continues to increase. The goal of the work is to study the longterm dynamics of HIVinfected mortality and risk factors of the lethal outcome in the presence and absence of concomitant tuberculosis.Materials and methods. An assessment of the mortality rates of HIV-infected people among the population of the Perm Region during the period from 2005 (the year of registration of the first cases of HIV/TB) to 2021 was carried out. In order to determine the life expectancy of patients and risk factors of the lethal outcome the analysis of 414 outpatient records of HIVinfected people who died in 2021 was carried out. The degree of immunodeficiency and viral load in patients was taken into account based on the results of examinations conducted in the period 6 months before the lethal outcome.Results. During the 15year period of registration of the incidence of HIV/TB in the study area, 57.0% of those who died from causes directly related to HIV infection had TB. At the same time, despite the decrease in mortality from monotuberculous infection as a result of a decrease in the incidence of TB, in recent years there has been an increase in mortality from HIV/TB due to the intensification of the epidemic process of HIV infection. The average life expectancy of HIV-infected people who died directly from HIV infection in the absence of TB was 6.7 ± 0.3 years, with concomitant TB 5.7 ± 0.3 years. The lethal outcome of patients with HIV infection in the presence of TB and without TB was most often recorded with the number of CD4 + < 200 cells /ml and viral load > 100,000 copies /MBNA of HIV. At the same time, immunosuppression in deceased HIV/TB patients was more pronounced than in HIV-infected patients in the absence of TB.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78994574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-24-33
E. A. Gradoboeva, Zh.S. Tyulko, A. Fadeev, A. Yakimenko, V. Yakimenko
Relevance. To date, no detailed analysis of the variants of the pathogen circulating at different times on the territory of the Omsk region has been carried out.Aim. Comparative analysis of the diversity of circulating variants of SARSCoV-2 based on molecular genetic data, determine the lines and time of their appearance, compare the data obtained with data from the GISAID database.Materials and methods. Genomewide sequencing of 222 primary and 5 culture (passages on Vero E6 and SPEV cell cultures) samples of SARS-CoV-2 from the Omsk region, collected from April 2020 to February 2022, on Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms, was carried out. Genetic lines were determined in Pangolin. The analysis was performed in MEGA7 and BioEdit.Results. 227 genomewide SARS-CoV-2 sequences were obtained. 222 genomes have been uploaded to the GISAID database. The lines to which the samples belong were determined, phylogenetic trees were constructed for various regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, the levels of virus homology were assessed and mutations in the Sprotein region were analyzed.Conclusions. According to the data obtained, it is possible to roughly judge the time of the appearance of a particular variant, its consolidation and distribution in the population, and observe the rare mutations and the circulation of some rare lines. To assess the possibility of significant geographically linked changes in the SARS-CoV-2 in the Omsk region, the data obtained are insufficient. Virus variants circulating in the region are grouped into one cluster with identical variants from other regions or countries. A more pronounced intracluster differentiation of the lines can be observed when analyzing the RBD region. The situation with COVID-19 in the Omsk region generally coincides with that in the whole country and the world. However, this does not exclude the parallel occurrence of certain mutations in remote territories from each other.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 Lines Circulating in Omsk Region in 2020–2022","authors":"E. A. Gradoboeva, Zh.S. Tyulko, A. Fadeev, A. Yakimenko, V. Yakimenko","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-24-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-24-33","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. To date, no detailed analysis of the variants of the pathogen circulating at different times on the territory of the Omsk region has been carried out.Aim. Comparative analysis of the diversity of circulating variants of SARSCoV-2 based on molecular genetic data, determine the lines and time of their appearance, compare the data obtained with data from the GISAID database.Materials and methods. Genomewide sequencing of 222 primary and 5 culture (passages on Vero E6 and SPEV cell cultures) samples of SARS-CoV-2 from the Omsk region, collected from April 2020 to February 2022, on Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms, was carried out. Genetic lines were determined in Pangolin. The analysis was performed in MEGA7 and BioEdit.Results. 227 genomewide SARS-CoV-2 sequences were obtained. 222 genomes have been uploaded to the GISAID database. The lines to which the samples belong were determined, phylogenetic trees were constructed for various regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, the levels of virus homology were assessed and mutations in the Sprotein region were analyzed.Conclusions. According to the data obtained, it is possible to roughly judge the time of the appearance of a particular variant, its consolidation and distribution in the population, and observe the rare mutations and the circulation of some rare lines. To assess the possibility of significant geographically linked changes in the SARS-CoV-2 in the Omsk region, the data obtained are insufficient. Virus variants circulating in the region are grouped into one cluster with identical variants from other regions or countries. A more pronounced intracluster differentiation of the lines can be observed when analyzing the RBD region. The situation with COVID-19 in the Omsk region generally coincides with that in the whole country and the world. However, this does not exclude the parallel occurrence of certain mutations in remote territories from each other.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78466635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-65-81
L. S. Namazova-Baranova, O. Perminova, T. A. Romanova, V. Romanenko, A. Galustyan, V. Gorodin, I. Osipova, V. Rodnikova, S. Kharit, Y. Kovshirina, V. Anokhin, S. B'chir, D. Neveu, M. Bonaparte, G. Áñez, E. Jordanov, M. S. Dhingra, A. Goldstein
Relevance. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has high morbidity and mortality, with infants and young children among those at greatest risk.Materials & Methods. A phase III, open-label, randomized study in toddlers aged 12–23 months evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of MenACYWTT, a tetanus toxoid conjugated vaccine against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y, when coadministered with paediatric vaccines (measles, mumps and rubella [MMR]; varicella [V] in South Korea and Thailand; 6in1 combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b [DTaPIPVHepBHib] in Mexico and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV13]) in the Russian Federation (NCT03205371). This manuscript reports the outcome of the part of the study conducted in the Russian Federation using PCV13 as the coadministered vaccine. Immunogenicity to each meningococcal serogroup was assessed by serum bactericidal antibody assay using human complement (hSBA) and, for a subset of subjects, baby rabbit complement (rSBA). Vaccine safety profiles were described up to 30 days postvaccination.Results. A total of 1,183 participants were enrolled in the study, out of which 400 were from the Russian Federation. The proportion with seroprotection (hSBA ≥1:8) to each meningococcal serogroup at Day 30 was comparable between the MenACYW-TT and MenACYW-TT + PCV13 groups (≥91% and ≥84%, respectively). The safety profiles of MenACYW-TT and PCV13, when given alone or concomitantly, were generally comparable.Conclusion. Coadministration of MenACYW-TT with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in toddlers had no clinically relevant effect on the immunogenicity and safety of any of the vaccines.
{"title":"Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Tetanus Toxoid-Conjugate Vaccine (MenACYW-TT) Administered Concomitantly with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Toddlers in the Russian Federation: a Phase III Randomized Study","authors":"L. S. Namazova-Baranova, O. Perminova, T. A. Romanova, V. Romanenko, A. Galustyan, V. Gorodin, I. Osipova, V. Rodnikova, S. Kharit, Y. Kovshirina, V. Anokhin, S. B'chir, D. Neveu, M. Bonaparte, G. Áñez, E. Jordanov, M. S. Dhingra, A. Goldstein","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-65-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-65-81","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has high morbidity and mortality, with infants and young children among those at greatest risk.Materials & Methods. A phase III, open-label, randomized study in toddlers aged 12–23 months evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of MenACYWTT, a tetanus toxoid conjugated vaccine against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y, when coadministered with paediatric vaccines (measles, mumps and rubella [MMR]; varicella [V] in South Korea and Thailand; 6in1 combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b [DTaPIPVHepBHib] in Mexico and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV13]) in the Russian Federation (NCT03205371). This manuscript reports the outcome of the part of the study conducted in the Russian Federation using PCV13 as the coadministered vaccine. Immunogenicity to each meningococcal serogroup was assessed by serum bactericidal antibody assay using human complement (hSBA) and, for a subset of subjects, baby rabbit complement (rSBA). Vaccine safety profiles were described up to 30 days postvaccination.Results. A total of 1,183 participants were enrolled in the study, out of which 400 were from the Russian Federation. The proportion with seroprotection (hSBA ≥1:8) to each meningococcal serogroup at Day 30 was comparable between the MenACYW-TT and MenACYW-TT + PCV13 groups (≥91% and ≥84%, respectively). The safety profiles of MenACYW-TT and PCV13, when given alone or concomitantly, were generally comparable.Conclusion. Coadministration of MenACYW-TT with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in toddlers had no clinically relevant effect on the immunogenicity and safety of any of the vaccines.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74996997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-89-96
O. M. Kudryavtseva, Y. Skibina, V. A. Kozhevnikov, S. Bugorkova, M. V. Chainikov, А. Y. Gryaznov, D. E. Glukhov, S. S. Konnova, A. A. Shuvalov, T. N. Shchukovskaya
Relevance. As part of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, in the territory of natural plague foci of the Russian Federation, according to epidemiological indications, the population is vaccinated against this infection. The lack of a unified scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination dictates the need to develop universal express methods that allow screening studies of anti-plague immunity, including in the field.Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness of the express method for the direct detection of antibodies to Yersinia pestis in biological material using microstructural glass waveguides with a hollow core (MGW HC) as immunosensors in studying the dynamics of seroconversion in people vaccinated with the plague live people.Materials and methods. In the study, blood serum samples were taken from 30 individuals vaccinated according to epidemic indications with the live plague vaccine (PLV) and 30 volunteers who were not vaccinated and did not have a history of contact with the plague agent.Results. An assessment was made of the possibility of using the method of direct detection of antibodies using MGW HC at different time intervals according to the receipt of blood sera in the framework of monitoring vaccinated individuals from among the inhabitants of the Caspian sandy natural plague focus. The presence of specific antibodies to the F1 protein in the blood serum of vaccinated volunteers was revealed both with the help of ELISA and with the use of MGW HC. The speed of the method of direct detection of antibodies (maximum 2 minutes per test), the absence of the need to use speciesspecific secondary antibodies, enzymes and substrates and additional costs for laborious sample preparation were noted.Conclusions. The method of direct detection of antibodies using glass microstructural waveguides is promising for introduction into the list of express methods for assessing the immunological effectiveness of antiplague vaccination.
{"title":"Direct Detection of Antibodies to Yersinia pestis Using Glass Microstructural Waveguides as an Express Method for Assessing Seroconversion in Individuals Vaccinated against Plague","authors":"O. M. Kudryavtseva, Y. Skibina, V. A. Kozhevnikov, S. Bugorkova, M. V. Chainikov, А. Y. Gryaznov, D. E. Glukhov, S. S. Konnova, A. A. Shuvalov, T. N. Shchukovskaya","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-89-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-89-96","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. As part of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, in the territory of natural plague foci of the Russian Federation, according to epidemiological indications, the population is vaccinated against this infection. The lack of a unified scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination dictates the need to develop universal express methods that allow screening studies of anti-plague immunity, including in the field.Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness of the express method for the direct detection of antibodies to Yersinia pestis in biological material using microstructural glass waveguides with a hollow core (MGW HC) as immunosensors in studying the dynamics of seroconversion in people vaccinated with the plague live people.Materials and methods. In the study, blood serum samples were taken from 30 individuals vaccinated according to epidemic indications with the live plague vaccine (PLV) and 30 volunteers who were not vaccinated and did not have a history of contact with the plague agent.Results. An assessment was made of the possibility of using the method of direct detection of antibodies using MGW HC at different time intervals according to the receipt of blood sera in the framework of monitoring vaccinated individuals from among the inhabitants of the Caspian sandy natural plague focus. The presence of specific antibodies to the F1 protein in the blood serum of vaccinated volunteers was revealed both with the help of ELISA and with the use of MGW HC. The speed of the method of direct detection of antibodies (maximum 2 minutes per test), the absence of the need to use speciesspecific secondary antibodies, enzymes and substrates and additional costs for laborious sample preparation were noted.Conclusions. The method of direct detection of antibodies using glass microstructural waveguides is promising for introduction into the list of express methods for assessing the immunological effectiveness of antiplague vaccination.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75023235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-82-88
V. Mishchenko, I. V. Vyalykh, A. G. Sergeev, I. P. Bykov, M. Toporkova, V. Chalapa
Relevance. The clinical aspects of tickborne viral encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borrelliosis (LB) as monoinfections are well known. At the same time, the issues of interaction of pathogens in tickborne encephalitis – Lyme borrelliosis mixed infection (TBE – LB mixed infection), the effectiveness of specific prophylaxis, their effect on the incidence rate and clinical forms have not been sufficiently studied.Aims. The aim of this work was to study the clinical course of TBE and TBE LB mixed infection in patients with specific prophylaxis of TBE, as well as in its absence.Materials & Methods. Medical history data from 454 patients patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TBE and TBE – LB mixed infection during 2010–2017 were analyzed.Results. The clinical course of the disease in TBE mono- and mixed infection, as well as the connection of immunization with the clinical forms of the disease are reflected. The dynamics of the registration of clinical forms of TBE and TBE – LB mixed infection for 8 years was shown using regression models. Synchronization of the incidence of focal and meningeal forms in TBE and TBE – LB mixed infection with a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of their occurrence was noted. The incidence of febrile forms in TBE monoinfection, as well as in mixed infections, remained practically unchanged.Сonclusions. It was found that the incidence of severe focal and meningeal forms of the disease in patients with TBE – LB mixed infection was 1.5 times lower, and the proportion of patients with febrile form TBE was statistically significantly higher than in the group of patients with TBE monoinfection, which may indicate a more favorable during TBE LB mixed infection, and overdiagnosis of febrile form TBE in TBE – LB mixed infection. The increase in the rate of vaccination against TBE of the population contributed to a decrease in the number of TBE и TBE – LB mixed infection cases due to severe clinical forms (focal and meningeal).
{"title":"Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Actual Tick-Borne Infections under Conditions of Mass Vaccination against Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis (by the Example of a Megapolis)","authors":"V. Mishchenko, I. V. Vyalykh, A. G. Sergeev, I. P. Bykov, M. Toporkova, V. Chalapa","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-82-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-82-88","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The clinical aspects of tickborne viral encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borrelliosis (LB) as monoinfections are well known. At the same time, the issues of interaction of pathogens in tickborne encephalitis – Lyme borrelliosis mixed infection (TBE – LB mixed infection), the effectiveness of specific prophylaxis, their effect on the incidence rate and clinical forms have not been sufficiently studied.Aims. The aim of this work was to study the clinical course of TBE and TBE LB mixed infection in patients with specific prophylaxis of TBE, as well as in its absence.Materials & Methods. Medical history data from 454 patients patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TBE and TBE – LB mixed infection during 2010–2017 were analyzed.Results. The clinical course of the disease in TBE mono- and mixed infection, as well as the connection of immunization with the clinical forms of the disease are reflected. The dynamics of the registration of clinical forms of TBE and TBE – LB mixed infection for 8 years was shown using regression models. Synchronization of the incidence of focal and meningeal forms in TBE and TBE – LB mixed infection with a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of their occurrence was noted. The incidence of febrile forms in TBE monoinfection, as well as in mixed infections, remained practically unchanged.Сonclusions. It was found that the incidence of severe focal and meningeal forms of the disease in patients with TBE – LB mixed infection was 1.5 times lower, and the proportion of patients with febrile form TBE was statistically significantly higher than in the group of patients with TBE monoinfection, which may indicate a more favorable during TBE LB mixed infection, and overdiagnosis of febrile form TBE in TBE – LB mixed infection. The increase in the rate of vaccination against TBE of the population contributed to a decrease in the number of TBE и TBE – LB mixed infection cases due to severe clinical forms (focal and meningeal).","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80968888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-59-64
E. Bolgarova, Y. Zakharova, I. Mukhachev, I. A. Korotkova, I. A. Ivashchenko, А. Ostapchuk, O. I. Mamontov
Relevance. Studying the spread of individual S. pneumoniae serotypes is of special epidemiologic and clinical importance. Sverdlovsk Region with the 20% proportion of community-acquired pneumonia and its proportion among the causes of mortality of up to 70% is of special concern.Aims. Studying the features of the S. pneumoniae serotype landscape in individual socially significant population groups in Sverdlovsk Region in 2020 and 2021.Materials and methods. The work presents the results of testing nasopharyngeal smears collected in two observation groups, namely, that of 159 unvaccinated children aged 0 to 5 with acute respiratory infections (ARI), and that of 392 apparently healthy adults aged 19 to 27. We performed molecular genetic typing for identification of 20 leading S. рneumoniae serotypes/serogroups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, 16F, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 6ABCD, 7AF, 9AV, 9LN, 11AD, 15AF, 18ABCF, 22AF, 12FAB/44/46, 33AF/37) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results and discussion. In the individuals of the studied groups of observation, in 27.0% and 28.1% of the cases the study detected the S. pneumoniae in the biological material with circulation of 12 «vaccine» (19F – 2,6%, 6ABCD – 2,6%, 4 – 2,0%, 23F – 2,0%, 9AV – 1,3%, 9LN – 0,6%, 11AD – 1,3%, 18ABCF – 2,0%) and «nonvaccine» (15AF – 0.7%, 16F – 0.6%) serotypes. Nontypable strains with the highest proportion (77.3%) among the immunized adult population were predominant in the structure; in the unvaccinated children, this rate was 53.5%. Among the typable strains in children, 70.0% belonged to the vaccine ones, and most frequently the study identified 19F and 23F serotypes, while serotypes 3 and 12F/A/B/44/46 dominated among the adults.Conclusion. The study of unimmunized pediatric and immunized adult populations of Sverdlovsk Region confirmed a trend toward an increase in the circulation of nontypable S. pneumoniae strains in the Russian Federation, which sets the agenda to improve the monitoring system and optimize molecular genetic techniques for identification of the pathogens and upgrade the present specific and nonspecific preventive remedies, including the current antimicrobial ones and locally-produced vaccine.
{"title":"Current Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotypes in Sverdlovsk Region in 2020–2021","authors":"E. Bolgarova, Y. Zakharova, I. Mukhachev, I. A. Korotkova, I. A. Ivashchenko, А. Ostapchuk, O. I. Mamontov","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-59-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-59-64","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Studying the spread of individual S. pneumoniae serotypes is of special epidemiologic and clinical importance. Sverdlovsk Region with the 20% proportion of community-acquired pneumonia and its proportion among the causes of mortality of up to 70% is of special concern.Aims. Studying the features of the S. pneumoniae serotype landscape in individual socially significant population groups in Sverdlovsk Region in 2020 and 2021.Materials and methods. The work presents the results of testing nasopharyngeal smears collected in two observation groups, namely, that of 159 unvaccinated children aged 0 to 5 with acute respiratory infections (ARI), and that of 392 apparently healthy adults aged 19 to 27. We performed molecular genetic typing for identification of 20 leading S. рneumoniae serotypes/serogroups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, 16F, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 6ABCD, 7AF, 9AV, 9LN, 11AD, 15AF, 18ABCF, 22AF, 12FAB/44/46, 33AF/37) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results and discussion. In the individuals of the studied groups of observation, in 27.0% and 28.1% of the cases the study detected the S. pneumoniae in the biological material with circulation of 12 «vaccine» (19F – 2,6%, 6ABCD – 2,6%, 4 – 2,0%, 23F – 2,0%, 9AV – 1,3%, 9LN – 0,6%, 11AD – 1,3%, 18ABCF – 2,0%) and «nonvaccine» (15AF – 0.7%, 16F – 0.6%) serotypes. Nontypable strains with the highest proportion (77.3%) among the immunized adult population were predominant in the structure; in the unvaccinated children, this rate was 53.5%. Among the typable strains in children, 70.0% belonged to the vaccine ones, and most frequently the study identified 19F and 23F serotypes, while serotypes 3 and 12F/A/B/44/46 dominated among the adults.Conclusion. The study of unimmunized pediatric and immunized adult populations of Sverdlovsk Region confirmed a trend toward an increase in the circulation of nontypable S. pneumoniae strains in the Russian Federation, which sets the agenda to improve the monitoring system and optimize molecular genetic techniques for identification of the pathogens and upgrade the present specific and nonspecific preventive remedies, including the current antimicrobial ones and locally-produced vaccine.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80362202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.31631/2073-346-2022-21-6-34-47
S. Shchelkunov, S. N. Yakubitskiy, A. E. Nesterov, I. Kolosova, A. Sergeev, А. V. Zaykovskaya, A. S. Kabanov, Е. A. Nechaeva, M. P. Bogryantseva, S. V. Usova, N. S. Kutserubova, T. V. Tregubchak, E. Gavrilova, R. Maksyutov
Relevance. The epidemiological situation in the world is characterized by an increase in the incidence of orthopoxvirus infections in humans and animals. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new safe vaccines against these infections.Aim. Conducting preclinical studies on the specific activity of the live vaccine against smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections VACΔ6 based on the vaccinia virus (VACV) with six deleted virulence genes are presented.Matherials and methods. The studies were performed in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines for conducting preclinical studies of drugs (immunobiological preparations), the State Pharmacopoeia XIII and the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0.Results and discussion. The vaccine strain VACΔ6 VACV showed significantly reduced neurovirulence in the model of intracerebral administration to suckling mice, and reduced inflammatorynecrotic activity in the model of intradermal administration to rabbits compared to the classical firstgeneration smallpox live vaccine approved for use in Russia. Preclinical studies of three series of the finished dosage form of the VAC∆6 vaccine showed its authenticity, thermal stability, nonpyrogenicity and safety. Double intradermal vaccination of rabbits at a dose of 106 PFU/animal, a 100% protective effect was provided against the intranasal infection of rabbits with VACV strain HB-92 at a dose of 1995 LD50 and a double intradermal vaccination of mice at a dose of 106 PFU/animal, full protection was provided against the intranasal infection of mice with ectromelia virus strain K1 at a dose of 56 LD50.Conclusion. Based on the conducted complex of studies, it can be concluded that the created vaccine of the fourth generation VACΔ6 is safer compared to the live smallpox vaccine of the first generation and is not inferior to it in immunogenic and protective properties.
{"title":"Preclinical Studies of the Specific Activity of the Live Culture Vaccine VACD6 against Smallpox and other Orthopoxvirus Infections","authors":"S. Shchelkunov, S. N. Yakubitskiy, A. E. Nesterov, I. Kolosova, A. Sergeev, А. V. Zaykovskaya, A. S. Kabanov, Е. A. Nechaeva, M. P. Bogryantseva, S. V. Usova, N. S. Kutserubova, T. V. Tregubchak, E. Gavrilova, R. Maksyutov","doi":"10.31631/2073-346-2022-21-6-34-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-346-2022-21-6-34-47","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The epidemiological situation in the world is characterized by an increase in the incidence of orthopoxvirus infections in humans and animals. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new safe vaccines against these infections.Aim. Conducting preclinical studies on the specific activity of the live vaccine against smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections VACΔ6 based on the vaccinia virus (VACV) with six deleted virulence genes are presented.Matherials and methods. The studies were performed in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines for conducting preclinical studies of drugs (immunobiological preparations), the State Pharmacopoeia XIII and the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0.Results and discussion. The vaccine strain VACΔ6 VACV showed significantly reduced neurovirulence in the model of intracerebral administration to suckling mice, and reduced inflammatorynecrotic activity in the model of intradermal administration to rabbits compared to the classical firstgeneration smallpox live vaccine approved for use in Russia. Preclinical studies of three series of the finished dosage form of the VAC∆6 vaccine showed its authenticity, thermal stability, nonpyrogenicity and safety. Double intradermal vaccination of rabbits at a dose of 106 PFU/animal, a 100% protective effect was provided against the intranasal infection of rabbits with VACV strain HB-92 at a dose of 1995 LD50 and a double intradermal vaccination of mice at a dose of 106 PFU/animal, full protection was provided against the intranasal infection of mice with ectromelia virus strain K1 at a dose of 56 LD50.Conclusion. Based on the conducted complex of studies, it can be concluded that the created vaccine of the fourth generation VACΔ6 is safer compared to the live smallpox vaccine of the first generation and is not inferior to it in immunogenic and protective properties.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84797884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-5-12
T. A. Сhekanova, K. Petremgvdlishvili
Relevance. Q fever in the absence of pathognomic signs is difficult to verify, so the incidence rate of coxiellosis depends on the level of its laboratory diagnosis.Aim. To analyze the incidence of Q fever in the Russian Federation for the time of its official registration (1957–2021) with an assessment of the level of laboratory diagnosis of diseases in different years. The high interest to Q fever in the middle of the last century gave impetus to the commercial production of inactivated Coxiella antigens and kits. The subsequent shortage of economically available diagnostic kits reflected in the official incidence of Q fever. Hypodiagnosis is caused not only by the clinical incidence of infection, but also often by the lack of the possibility of conducting a comprehensive clinical study of the material (detection of antibodies and DNA pathogen). The article presents historical facts for understanding of the rise and incidence of Q fever during the time of its official registration.Conclusions. An analysis of the epidemiological situation should carried taking into account the assessment of the level of diagnosis of Q fever in the regions and the country asa whole. It is necessary to record all newly diagnosed cases of the disease at any stage.
{"title":"Q Fever in the Russian Federation: a View on Incidence through the Level of Development of Laboratory Diagnosis","authors":"T. A. Сhekanova, K. Petremgvdlishvili","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Q fever in the absence of pathognomic signs is difficult to verify, so the incidence rate of coxiellosis depends on the level of its laboratory diagnosis.Aim. To analyze the incidence of Q fever in the Russian Federation for the time of its official registration (1957–2021) with an assessment of the level of laboratory diagnosis of diseases in different years. The high interest to Q fever in the middle of the last century gave impetus to the commercial production of inactivated Coxiella antigens and kits. The subsequent shortage of economically available diagnostic kits reflected in the official incidence of Q fever. Hypodiagnosis is caused not only by the clinical incidence of infection, but also often by the lack of the possibility of conducting a comprehensive clinical study of the material (detection of antibodies and DNA pathogen). The article presents historical facts for understanding of the rise and incidence of Q fever during the time of its official registration.Conclusions. An analysis of the epidemiological situation should carried taking into account the assessment of the level of diagnosis of Q fever in the regions and the country asa whole. It is necessary to record all newly diagnosed cases of the disease at any stage.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76856285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-13-23
I. Egorov, S. Smirnova, V. Mishchenko, I. V. Vialykh, A. Y. Markarian, N. N. Zhuikov, S. V. Romanov, A. V. Ponomareva, I. V. Chistiakova, A. S. Kiliachina, O. Averianov, V. Smirnova, А. N. Bolshakova, E. V. Vernik, N. A. Pushkareva, A. Semenov
Relevance. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic a infectious diseases hospitals nationwide network has been deployed to treat patients infected with SARSCoV-2. The principles of their formation with a strict division into «infectious» and «clean» zones, despite the epidemiological justification, lead to the formation of a dynamic artificially created closed ecosystem. In such an ecosystem, on the one hand, patients who undergo a wide range of invasive and aggressive therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations, and medical personnel stay for a long time, on the other hand, pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature that can adapt to hospital conditions and form resistant strains circulate. As a result, high risks of contamination of environmental objects of hospitals and patients themselves are created, which can lead to the development of exogenous nosocomial infection.Aims. To study the features of viral and bacterial contamination of objects in the hospital environment of the infectious diseases hospital for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods. A study was conducted on 343 samples from the external environment of the infectious diseases hospital for COVID-19 patients’ treatment during its planned work. Sample collection was performed during three days (Tuesday, Thursday, Sunday) at 20 unified sampling points: in the area where patients general hospital area as well as from the outer surface of personal protective equipment for medical personnel (overalls, gloves). The study used epidemiological (descriptiveevaluative and analytical), molecular genetic (SARS-CoV-2 PCRRT, sequencing), bacteriological (isolation, cultivation and MALDITOF identification of bacterial cultures) methods. Statistical significance of differences was assessed by Fisher's point test (φ). Differences were considered significant at p≤0.05. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Office 2010 application package, the online resource https://medstatistic. ru/, ST Statistica 10.Results. The study demonstrated a high level of viral and bacterial contamination of environmental objects in the intensive care unit of the infectious diseases hospital for COVID-19 patients treatment – 11.1%, incl. objects of the general hospital environment – 9.3% (doctor's workplace – 16.7%); patient location area – 13.9% (electric pump – 27.8%, mechanical ventilation, manipulation table – 16.7% each); the outer surface of personnel gloves – 21.1–38.9%; the outer surface of protective overalls for personnel – 44.4–50.0%. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from the objects of the external environment of the hospital belonged to the genetic variant B.1.617.1 DELTA, which corresponded to the epidemiological situation at sampling collection period. The opportunistic microflora structure was dominated by Enterococcus faecalis (38.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniaе (21.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.7%), which demonstrated a high level of
{"title":"Characteristic of Viral and Bacterial Contaminationin Objects of the Infection Hospital Environment of the Hospital for the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 During the Pandemic Period","authors":"I. Egorov, S. Smirnova, V. Mishchenko, I. V. Vialykh, A. Y. Markarian, N. N. Zhuikov, S. V. Romanov, A. V. Ponomareva, I. V. Chistiakova, A. S. Kiliachina, O. Averianov, V. Smirnova, А. N. Bolshakova, E. V. Vernik, N. A. Pushkareva, A. Semenov","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-13-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-6-13-23","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic a infectious diseases hospitals nationwide network has been deployed to treat patients infected with SARSCoV-2. The principles of their formation with a strict division into «infectious» and «clean» zones, despite the epidemiological justification, lead to the formation of a dynamic artificially created closed ecosystem. In such an ecosystem, on the one hand, patients who undergo a wide range of invasive and aggressive therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations, and medical personnel stay for a long time, on the other hand, pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature that can adapt to hospital conditions and form resistant strains circulate. As a result, high risks of contamination of environmental objects of hospitals and patients themselves are created, which can lead to the development of exogenous nosocomial infection.Aims. To study the features of viral and bacterial contamination of objects in the hospital environment of the infectious diseases hospital for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods. A study was conducted on 343 samples from the external environment of the infectious diseases hospital for COVID-19 patients’ treatment during its planned work. Sample collection was performed during three days (Tuesday, Thursday, Sunday) at 20 unified sampling points: in the area where patients general hospital area as well as from the outer surface of personal protective equipment for medical personnel (overalls, gloves). The study used epidemiological (descriptiveevaluative and analytical), molecular genetic (SARS-CoV-2 PCRRT, sequencing), bacteriological (isolation, cultivation and MALDITOF identification of bacterial cultures) methods. Statistical significance of differences was assessed by Fisher's point test (φ). Differences were considered significant at p≤0.05. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Office 2010 application package, the online resource https://medstatistic. ru/, ST Statistica 10.Results. The study demonstrated a high level of viral and bacterial contamination of environmental objects in the intensive care unit of the infectious diseases hospital for COVID-19 patients treatment – 11.1%, incl. objects of the general hospital environment – 9.3% (doctor's workplace – 16.7%); patient location area – 13.9% (electric pump – 27.8%, mechanical ventilation, manipulation table – 16.7% each); the outer surface of personnel gloves – 21.1–38.9%; the outer surface of protective overalls for personnel – 44.4–50.0%. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from the objects of the external environment of the hospital belonged to the genetic variant B.1.617.1 DELTA, which corresponded to the epidemiological situation at sampling collection period. The opportunistic microflora structure was dominated by Enterococcus faecalis (38.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniaе (21.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.7%), which demonstrated a high level of ","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88258743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-19DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-5-58-63
V. A. Kozhevnikov, A. L. Kravtsov, O. M. Kudryavtseva, T. Kashtanova, S. Bugorkova
Relevance. The search for informative markers for assessing the immunological efficacy of a live plague vaccine remains an urgent scientific task. The goal of the studyAims was to make a comparative assessment of the level helper T-cells activation by CD69 and HLA-DR markers, in people, vaccinated against plague, in an in vitro test, using the disintegrated by ultrasonic Y. pestis cells, grown at temperature 28 °C as a specific stimulator.Materials & Methods. A cytofluorimetric analysis of blood samples of 45 individuals vaccinated against the plague was carried out. The dependence of the result of cytological analysis of the two studied cell markers on the immunoregulatory index (IRI) of the vaccinated donor at the time of vaccination was revealed.Results. It was found that for newly vaccinated individuals, the T-helpers were more intensive and prolonged by the early activation marker, while for those revaccinated with the immunoregulatory index, at the time of vaccination more than 1.5, the more intense cellular response was by the late activation marker.Conclusions. Thus, the possibility of quantitative evaluation of the immunological efficacy of vaccination against plague, based on the identification of lymphocyte activation markers when stimulated with a specific antigen, is confirmed.
{"title":"Activation of T-helper in vitro under the Influence of Yersinia pestis Antigens in People Vaccinated against the Plague","authors":"V. A. Kozhevnikov, A. L. Kravtsov, O. M. Kudryavtseva, T. Kashtanova, S. Bugorkova","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-5-58-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-5-58-63","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The search for informative markers for assessing the immunological efficacy of a live plague vaccine remains an urgent scientific task. The goal of the studyAims was to make a comparative assessment of the level helper T-cells activation by CD69 and HLA-DR markers, in people, vaccinated against plague, in an in vitro test, using the disintegrated by ultrasonic Y. pestis cells, grown at temperature 28 °C as a specific stimulator.Materials & Methods. A cytofluorimetric analysis of blood samples of 45 individuals vaccinated against the plague was carried out. The dependence of the result of cytological analysis of the two studied cell markers on the immunoregulatory index (IRI) of the vaccinated donor at the time of vaccination was revealed.Results. It was found that for newly vaccinated individuals, the T-helpers were more intensive and prolonged by the early activation marker, while for those revaccinated with the immunoregulatory index, at the time of vaccination more than 1.5, the more intense cellular response was by the late activation marker.Conclusions. Thus, the possibility of quantitative evaluation of the immunological efficacy of vaccination against plague, based on the identification of lymphocyte activation markers when stimulated with a specific antigen, is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77671778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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