Meimuna opalifera males emit extremely complex calling songs, with the main section comprising two parts. To investigate whether these two parts of the calling song have different meanings for the receivers, we conducted playback experiments. We counted and compared the number of response calls when different types of sound stimuli were presented under laboratory conditions. Meimuna opalifera males emitted significantly greater response calls during the playback of stimuli containing the former part of the songs than those containing the latter part only. This suggests that M. opalifera males tend to respond by detecting characteristics in the former part of the songs. Because the peak frequencies were similar between the former and the latter parts, the temporal patterns of the songs might be important in short-range communication between males of M. opalifera.
{"title":"Difference in the responses of male cicada Meimuna opalifera to the two parts of conspecific calling song","authors":"Takeru Kodama, Eiiti Kasuya, Haruki Tatsuta","doi":"10.1111/ens.12550","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Meimuna opalifera</i> males emit extremely complex calling songs, with the main section comprising two parts. To investigate whether these two parts of the calling song have different meanings for the receivers, we conducted playback experiments. We counted and compared the number of response calls when different types of sound stimuli were presented under laboratory conditions. <i>Meimuna opalifera</i> males emitted significantly greater response calls during the playback of stimuli containing the former part of the songs than those containing the latter part only. This suggests that <i>M. opalifera</i> males tend to respond by detecting characteristics in the former part of the songs. Because the peak frequencies were similar between the former and the latter parts, the temporal patterns of the songs might be important in short-range communication between males of <i>M. opalifera</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41251875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Y. M. Watanabe, Larissa F. Ferreira, Marília R. P. Cruz, Ana P. A. Araújo, Og Desouza, Paulo F. Cristaldo
The survivorship of social insects is known to increase with group size, even in situations of stress, such as starvation and exposure to insecticides. However, in termites, studies have been undertaken only with workers, disregarding the possible effect of soldiers. The role of soldiers in the termite colonies goes beyond defense, mainly in Nasutitermes species. It is already known that soldiers initiate the foraging as well as improve the decision-making of food resources. Here, we evaluated the effect of group size and the presence of soldiers on exposure to sublethal doses of the insecticide imidacloprid in Nasutitermes corniger (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). To do so, toxicity bioassays were undertaken initially to determine the dose of the insecticide required to kill 50% of the N. corniger population (LD50) to be used in the main experiments. Survival bioassays were then carried out with termite groups, with and without soldiers, in different sizes (6, 10, 14, 22, 26, 30 and 60), exposed and nonexposed to insecticide. In general, the mean time to death of termites increases linearly with group size. However, the mean time to death in groups with soldiers was significantly longer only in groups exposed to the insecticide. Our results indicate that soldiers can help to increase the tolerance of nasute termite groups to insecticides, in addition to the group size, as already shown in the previous study. The size of the group and social context could, therefore, modulate behavioral and/or physiological responses that enhance the ability to survive under stressful situations.
{"title":"It is not only group size: Soldiers also modulate the tolerance to insecticide in termites (Blattodea: Isoptera)","authors":"Sara Y. M. Watanabe, Larissa F. Ferreira, Marília R. P. Cruz, Ana P. A. Araújo, Og Desouza, Paulo F. Cristaldo","doi":"10.1111/ens.12546","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12546","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The survivorship of social insects is known to increase with group size, even in situations of stress, such as starvation and exposure to insecticides. However, in termites, studies have been undertaken only with workers, disregarding the possible effect of soldiers. The role of soldiers in the termite colonies goes beyond defense, mainly in <i>Nasutitermes</i> species. It is already known that soldiers initiate the foraging as well as improve the decision-making of food resources. Here, we evaluated the effect of group size and the presence of soldiers on exposure to sublethal doses of the insecticide imidacloprid in <i>Nasutitermes corniger</i> (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). To do so, toxicity bioassays were undertaken initially to determine the dose of the insecticide required to kill 50% of the <i>N. corniger</i> population (LD<sub>50</sub>) to be used in the main experiments. Survival bioassays were then carried out with termite groups, with and without soldiers, in different sizes (6, 10, 14, 22, 26, 30 and 60), exposed and nonexposed to insecticide. In general, the mean time to death of termites increases linearly with group size. However, the mean time to death in groups with soldiers was significantly longer only in groups exposed to the insecticide. Our results indicate that soldiers can help to increase the tolerance of nasute termite groups to insecticides, in addition to the group size, as already shown in the previous study. The size of the group and social context could, therefore, modulate behavioral and/or physiological responses that enhance the ability to survive under stressful situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43212587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wetland biodiversity is currently declining on a global scale. Wetland biodiversity understanding is critical for determining the wetlands' conservation value. In this study, Macroplea Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was discovered in Aomori Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan. Only two Macroplea species have been recorded in Japan, M. japana (Jacoby, 1885) and M. mutica (Fabricius, 1792). Macroplea japana had been unrecorded for 60 years before being rediscovered in Honshu Island in 2022, and a single adult M. mutica female was discovered in Hokkaido Prefecture in 2003. The discovered individuals were concluded to be M. mutica based on morphological and molecular analyses. Although morphological differences were observed with the Eurasian M. mutica individuals, the male genitalia was nearly identical to M. mutica. For the molecular phylogenetic analysis based on COI and 28S sequences, Macroplea individuals in Japan were clustered with M. mutica on the Eurasian Continent. This is the first record of this species on Honshu Island (and the second in Japan), as well as the first record of adult males. This species would require conservation policies and additional distributional surveys.
{"title":"The second phantom aquatic leaf beetle in Japan: Macroplea mutica rediscovery in the wetlands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"Naoyuki Nakahama, Ryosuke Okano, Yuichiro Nishimoto, Yusuke Nakatani, Asato Noishiki, Naoki Ogawa","doi":"10.1111/ens.12545","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12545","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wetland biodiversity is currently declining on a global scale. Wetland biodiversity understanding is critical for determining the wetlands' conservation value. In this study, <i>Macroplea</i> Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was discovered in Aomori Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan. Only two <i>Macroplea</i> species have been recorded in Japan, <i>M. japana</i> (Jacoby, 1885) and <i>M. mutica</i> (Fabricius, 1792). <i>Macroplea japana</i> had been unrecorded for 60 years before being rediscovered in Honshu Island in 2022, and a single adult <i>M. mutica</i> female was discovered in Hokkaido Prefecture in 2003. The discovered individuals were concluded to be <i>M. mutica</i> based on morphological and molecular analyses. Although morphological differences were observed with the Eurasian <i>M. mutica</i> individuals, the male genitalia was nearly identical to <i>M. mutica.</i> For the molecular phylogenetic analysis based on <i>COI</i> and <i>28S</i> sequences, <i>Macroplea</i> individuals in Japan were clustered with <i>M. mutica</i> on the Eurasian Continent. This is the first record of this species on Honshu Island (and the second in Japan), as well as the first record of adult males. This species would require conservation policies and additional distributional surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44815589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As in other megalopterans, the life of adult dobsonflies in the natural habitats remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the foraging habits of the nocturnal dobsonflies Protohermes grandis and Protohermes immaculatus. Our field observations from a close distance revealed that adult P. grandis feeds on the floral nectar of the Japanese chestnut Castanea crenata (Fagaceae). Moreover, based on strong circumstantial evidence (the finding of a dozen pollen‐bearing adults and their pollen‐containing excrement), we concluded that adult P. immaculatus routinely visit the flowers of Schima wallichii ssp. noronhae (Theaceae). The present study is the first one to document floral resource utilization by adult dobsonflies in their natural habitats, and provides further evidence for anthophilous corydalids. We have briefly discussed why the flower‐visiting habits of corydalids have been missed so far.
{"title":"Notes on the foraging habits of adult Protohermes dobsonflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae): Further evidence for anthophilous megalopterans","authors":"Naoto Sugiura, Kei-ichiro Shikata, Satoshi Miyazaki","doi":"10.1111/ens.12542","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12542","url":null,"abstract":"As in other megalopterans, the life of adult dobsonflies in the natural habitats remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the foraging habits of the nocturnal dobsonflies Protohermes grandis and Protohermes immaculatus. Our field observations from a close distance revealed that adult P. grandis feeds on the floral nectar of the Japanese chestnut Castanea crenata (Fagaceae). Moreover, based on strong circumstantial evidence (the finding of a dozen pollen‐bearing adults and their pollen‐containing excrement), we concluded that adult P. immaculatus routinely visit the flowers of Schima wallichii ssp. noronhae (Theaceae). The present study is the first one to document floral resource utilization by adult dobsonflies in their natural habitats, and provides further evidence for anthophilous corydalids. We have briefly discussed why the flower‐visiting habits of corydalids have been missed so far.","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47003514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aggressive behavior is important for acquiring crucial resources in many animals. As such behavior is costly, selection favors contestants that can accurately gather information regarding the likely costs and benefits of conflict to enable appropriate tactical decisions. Mate choice based on relatedness is widespread among animals and has severe consequences. Theoretically, due to the potential costs of inbreeding, contestants may benefit from discriminating between relative and nonrelative mates and adjusting their behavior accordingly. If inbreeding results in fitness costs, related mates might be perceived as less valuable and individuals might be expected to invest less in costly aggression, and vice versa. However, the role of male–female relatedness in aggression has been less addressed. The egg parasitoid wasp Anastatus disparis, which exhibits extreme male–male aggressive behavior for mating opportunities, was used as an experimental model to explore the role of male–female relatedness in aggression. Inconsistent with our prediction, male–female relatedness had no significant effect on male–male fighting frequency or intensity in A. disparis. The ability of males to discriminate relative from nonrelative females is a prerequisite for male–female relatedness to affect males’ aggression. However, A. disparis males did not exhibit any mating preferences for relative or nonrelative females. Besides, inbreeding did not result in depression in terms of longevity, fecundity or sex ratio in A. disparis. Our finding of no effect of male–female relatedness on male–male fights in A. disparis may be caused by a lack of kin discrimination ability or/and a lack of benefits from discriminating relatives from nonrelatives.
{"title":"Effect of male–female relatedness on aggression and inbreeding in an egg parasitoid wasp","authors":"Si-Yu Yin, Yu-Mei Tao, Peng-Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1111/ens.12541","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aggressive behavior is important for acquiring crucial resources in many animals. As such behavior is costly, selection favors contestants that can accurately gather information regarding the likely costs and benefits of conflict to enable appropriate tactical decisions. Mate choice based on relatedness is widespread among animals and has severe consequences. Theoretically, due to the potential costs of inbreeding, contestants may benefit from discriminating between relative and nonrelative mates and adjusting their behavior accordingly. If inbreeding results in fitness costs, related mates might be perceived as less valuable and individuals might be expected to invest less in costly aggression, and vice versa. However, the role of male–female relatedness in aggression has been less addressed. The egg parasitoid wasp <i>Anastatus disparis</i>, which exhibits extreme male–male aggressive behavior for mating opportunities, was used as an experimental model to explore the role of male–female relatedness in aggression. Inconsistent with our prediction, male–female relatedness had no significant effect on male–male fighting frequency or intensity in <i>A. disparis</i>. The ability of males to discriminate relative from nonrelative females is a prerequisite for male–female relatedness to affect males’ aggression. However, <i>A. disparis</i> males did not exhibit any mating preferences for relative or nonrelative females. Besides, inbreeding did not result in depression in terms of longevity, fecundity or sex ratio in <i>A. disparis</i>. Our finding of no effect of male–female relatedness on male–male fights in <i>A. disparis</i> may be caused by a lack of kin discrimination ability or/and a lack of benefits from discriminating relatives from nonrelatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Aquarius, of the subfamily Gerrinae, was formerly divided into two species and one subspecies in Japan (A. paludum paludum, A. paludum amamiensis and A. elongatus, respectively). Aquarius haliplous Yasunaga et al. 2018 has recently been described as a new species, which occurs in brackish waters of Nagasaki Prefecture and is found sympatrically with the widely distributed species, A. p. paludum. However, they are considered to be speciated, with no cross-breeding. In this study, molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses were undertaken using the mitochondrial DNA COI (529 bp) and nuclear DNA histone H3 (314 bp) gene regions to investigate the genetic and morphological differentiation in the genus Aquarius, including A. haliplous, throughout Japan (including the islands). The results show that, unlike A. p. paludum, A. p. amamiensis and A. haliplous, A. elongatus displays substantial genetic differentiation. Considering that, although morphological differences exist in the antennae of A. p. paludum and A. p. amamiensis, A. haliplous has no clear genetic or morphological difference from A. p. paludum, and hence cannot be classified as a distinct species. Therefore, we propose that A. haliplous be synonymized with A. paludum.
宝瓶属,Gerrinae亚科,以前在日本分为两个种和一个亚种(A. paludum paludum, A. paludum amamiensis和A. elongatus)。水瓶座halipous Yasunaga et al. 2018最近被描述为一个新物种,它出现在长崎县的半咸淡水中,与广泛分布的物种a . p. paludum共生。然而,它们被认为是有物种的,没有杂交。本研究利用线粒体DNA COI (529 bp)和核DNA组蛋白H3 (314 bp)基因区进行分子系统发育和形态学分析,探讨了日本(包括岛屿)地区宝瓶属(包括A. halipous)的遗传和形态学分化。结果表明,与paludum、a.p. amamiensis和haaliplous不同,A. elongatus表现出明显的遗传分化。综上所述,尽管a . p. paludum和a . p. amamiensis的触角在形态上存在差异,但haaliplous与a . p. paludum在遗传和形态上都没有明显的差异,因此不能将其归类为一个独立的物种。因此,我们建议将A. halipous与A. paludum同义。
{"title":"Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Japanese Aquarius water strider, with a new synonym","authors":"Naoki Hiraishi, Tomoya Suzuki, Ryosuke Matsushima, Shin-ya Ohba","doi":"10.1111/ens.12544","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12544","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genus <i>Aquarius</i>, of the subfamily Gerrinae, was formerly divided into two species and one subspecies in Japan (<i>A</i>. <i>paludum paludum</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>paludum amamiensis</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>elongatus</i>, respectively). <i>Aquarius haliplous</i> Yasunaga et al. 2018 has recently been described as a new species, which occurs in brackish waters of Nagasaki Prefecture and is found sympatrically with the widely distributed species, <i>A</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>paludum</i>. However, they are considered to be speciated, with no cross-breeding. In this study, molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses were undertaken using the mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> (529 bp) and nuclear DNA histone H3 (314 bp) gene regions to investigate the genetic and morphological differentiation in the genus <i>Aquarius</i>, including <i>A</i>. <i>haliplous</i>, throughout Japan (including the islands). The results show that, unlike <i>A</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>paludum</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>amamiensis</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>haliplous</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>elongatus</i> displays substantial genetic differentiation. Considering that, although morphological differences exist in the antennae of <i>A</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>paludum</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>amamiensis</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>haliplous</i> has no clear genetic or morphological difference from <i>A</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>paludum</i>, and hence cannot be classified as a distinct species. Therefore, we propose that <i>A</i>. <i>haliplous</i> be synonymized with <i>A</i>. <i>paludum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43096265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shigeki Ogata, Atsuhiro Nishiwaki, Kanji Yamazoe, Kyoko Sugai, Teruhiko Takahara
Basic ecological information (e.g. habitat or distribution) is indispensable for conserving endangered species. The giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli is an aquatic insect in the large stink bug family (Belostomatidae). It inhabits ponds and is a critically endangered species. In this study, we developed a species‐specific primer–probe set (the cytochrome c oxidase I region in mitochondrial DNA) that was used in real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect K. deyrolli environmental DNA (eDNA). Next, using eDNA analysis, we investigated the presence of K. deyrolli in 89 study ponds (including one pond that had already been identified as the habitat of this species) in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. The eDNA of K. deyrolli was detected in 11 of these 89 ponds. Furthermore, when the traditional method of direct capture survey was carried out in four of the 10 ponds where K. deyrolli eDNA had been detected and no prior occupancy information for this species was available, the capture of one K. deyrolli (female) was successful in only one pond. This study showed that combining eDNA analysis and direct capture methods can lead to discovering previously unknown habitats essential for conserving an endangered species.
{"title":"Discovery of unknown new ponds occupied by the endangered giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) by combining environmental DNA and capture surveys","authors":"Shigeki Ogata, Atsuhiro Nishiwaki, Kanji Yamazoe, Kyoko Sugai, Teruhiko Takahara","doi":"10.1111/ens.12540","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12540","url":null,"abstract":"Basic ecological information (e.g. habitat or distribution) is indispensable for conserving endangered species. The giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli is an aquatic insect in the large stink bug family (Belostomatidae). It inhabits ponds and is a critically endangered species. In this study, we developed a species‐specific primer–probe set (the cytochrome c oxidase I region in mitochondrial DNA) that was used in real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect K. deyrolli environmental DNA (eDNA). Next, using eDNA analysis, we investigated the presence of K. deyrolli in 89 study ponds (including one pond that had already been identified as the habitat of this species) in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. The eDNA of K. deyrolli was detected in 11 of these 89 ponds. Furthermore, when the traditional method of direct capture survey was carried out in four of the 10 ponds where K. deyrolli eDNA had been detected and no prior occupancy information for this species was available, the capture of one K. deyrolli (female) was successful in only one pond. This study showed that combining eDNA analysis and direct capture methods can lead to discovering previously unknown habitats essential for conserving an endangered species.","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biology of Horniolus fortunatus (Lewis, 1896) has been fragmentarily reported, but what the larvae and adults feed on and the immature stages are still unknown. In this article, I report that this coccinellid adult and larva feed on mealybugs (Planococcus sp.) living in the nest of the ant Crematogaster matsumurai Forel, 1901.
{"title":"Myrmecophily of Horniolus fortunatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","authors":"Hiroyuki Yoshitomi","doi":"10.1111/ens.12543","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12543","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biology of <i>Horniolus fortunatus</i> (Lewis, 1896) has been fragmentarily reported, but what the larvae and adults feed on and the immature stages are still unknown. In this article, I report that this coccinellid adult and larva feed on mealybugs (<i>Planococcus</i> sp.) living in the nest of the ant <i>Crematogaster matsumurai</i> Forel, 1901.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45762510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adults and various immature stages of the stag beetle Torynognathus chrysomelinus Bomans, 1986 were found inside the nests of Pseudolasius ants in Peninsular Malaysia. This paper provides a detailed description of T. chrysomelinus, which is the first ever record of myrmecophily in this genus and the third record in the family Lucanidae. This is also the first record of myrmecophilous Coleoptera with Pseudolasius ants as a host. The description includes the illustration of the male genitalia, mouthparts, larva, and pupa of this genus for the first time. Furthermore, the systematic position of T. chrysomelinus was inferred by the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Lucanidae. The results suggest that Torynognathus is a sister taxon to the genus Aegus.
{"title":"Myrmecophily of the enigmatic stag beetle Torynognathus chrysomelinus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) with remarks on adult morphology, immature stages, and systematic position","authors":"Showtaro Kakizoe, Shunsuke Kakinuma, Konosuke Hoshino, Rosli Hashim, Nurul Ashikin Abdullah, Munetoshi Maruyama","doi":"10.1111/ens.12539","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12539","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adults and various immature stages of the stag beetle <i>Torynognathus chrysomelinus</i> Bomans, 1986 were found inside the nests of <i>Pseudolasius</i> ants in Peninsular Malaysia. This paper provides a detailed description of <i>T. chrysomelinus</i>, which is the first ever record of myrmecophily in this genus and the third record in the family Lucanidae. This is also the first record of myrmecophilous Coleoptera with <i>Pseudolasius</i> ants as a host. The description includes the illustration of the male genitalia, mouthparts, larva, and pupa of this genus for the first time. Furthermore, the systematic position of <i>T. chrysomelinus</i> was inferred by the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Lucanidae. The results suggest that <i>Torynognathus</i> is a sister taxon to the genus <i>Aegus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48860571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorcus montivagus is a Japanese endemic stag beetle that feeds exclusively on dead beech wood, and its distribution is almost completely coincidental with that of beech forests. Japanese beech, Fagus crenata, is the dominant tree species of the cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests in Japan. Historical changes in the distribution of beech forests due to Pleistocene climate change are expected to have also affected the phylogeographic structures of dependent beech-feeding phytophagous insects. In this study, we elucidated the present phylogeographic structures of D. montivagus using molecular markers, and also compared them with the present geographic genetic structures of beech tress and the post-glacial distribution as inferred by pollen fossil analyses. It was found that D. montivagus is largely differentiated into two phylogenetic clades: Clade I consisted of populations from Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku, and Clade II consisted only of Kyushu populations. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of the stag beetle showed a geographically declining gradient from south-west to north-east, consistent with the genetic variation observable in Japanese beech. Genetic differentiation between the Sea of Japan side and the Pacific Ocean side populations was also observed in both clades of the stag beetle. These results indicate a similar phylogeographic structure between the stag beetle and Japanese beech. Therefore, the distributional changes in Japanese beech correspondingly restricted the migratory dispersal of D. montivagus, and strongly influenced its phylogeographic structure.
{"title":"The phylogeography of the stag beetle Dorcus montivagus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae): Comparison with the phylogeography of its specific host tree, the Japanese beech Fagus crenata","authors":"Gaku Ueki, Koji Tojo","doi":"10.1111/ens.12535","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Dorcus montivagus</i> is a Japanese endemic stag beetle that feeds exclusively on dead beech wood, and its distribution is almost completely coincidental with that of beech forests. Japanese beech, <i>Fagus crenata</i>, is the dominant tree species of the cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests in Japan. Historical changes in the distribution of beech forests due to Pleistocene climate change are expected to have also affected the phylogeographic structures of dependent beech-feeding phytophagous insects. In this study, we elucidated the present phylogeographic structures of <i>D. montivagus</i> using molecular markers, and also compared them with the present geographic genetic structures of beech tress and the post-glacial distribution as inferred by pollen fossil analyses. It was found that <i>D. montivagus</i> is largely differentiated into two phylogenetic clades: Clade I consisted of populations from Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku, and Clade II consisted only of Kyushu populations. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of the stag beetle showed a geographically declining gradient from south-west to north-east, consistent with the genetic variation observable in Japanese beech. Genetic differentiation between the Sea of Japan side and the Pacific Ocean side populations was also observed in both clades of the stag beetle. These results indicate a similar phylogeographic structure between the stag beetle and Japanese beech. Therefore, the distributional changes in Japanese beech correspondingly restricted the migratory dispersal of <i>D. montivagus</i>, and strongly influenced its phylogeographic structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}