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Reviewer Acknowledgments for Volume 26 第 26 卷审稿人致谢
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12568
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引用次数: 0
Estimating the potential distribution of yellow spotted stink bug (Erthesina fullo) using ecological niche models 利用生态位模型估算黄斑蝽的潜在分布范围
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12566
Gengping Zhu, Tatiana N. Bush, Katherine S. Burgstahler, Nathaniel Green, Hannah Cook, Emily Rampone, Salena Helmreich, Riley M. Reed, Joshua M. Milnes, David W. Crowder

Invasive insect species threaten the productivity of ecosystems worldwide, and ecological niche models can be used to predict distributions of invaders and guide management efforts. Ecological niche models can also aid monitoring for invasive species that are globally distributed. One such species is the yellow spotted stink bug (Erthesina fullo Thunberg), a polyphagous pest native to Asia that has established in Europe and South America and threatens specialty crops. Here, we used ecological niche models to predict the potential distribution of E. fullo, and created a website to display predictions. We show that E. fullo has peak occurrence probability in areas with annual mean temperatures around 20°C, and that the occurrence probability increases as maximum monthly temperature reaches up to 38°C. The likelihood of occurrence decreased as annual precipitation increased, but increased with greater precipitation in the wettest and driest months. This suggests E. fullo is most suited to regions that are warm and dry and where most precipitation occurs across only a few months, such as southern North America, central and southern South America, southern Europe, southern Africa, and central and eastern Australia. Given that E. fullo is a highly mobile hitchhiking insect that travels through cargo and other containers to new areas, the potential spread of this species into new regions should be carefully monitored.

入侵昆虫物种威胁着全球生态系统的生产力,生态位模型可用于预测入侵者的分布并指导管理工作。生态位模型还可以帮助监测全球分布的入侵物种。黄斑蝽(Erthesina fullo Thunberg)就是这样一种物种,它是一种原产于亚洲的多食性害虫,已在欧洲和南美洲定居,并威胁到特种作物。在这里,我们使用生态位模型来预测黄斑蝽的潜在分布,并创建了一个网站来展示预测结果。我们的研究表明,在年平均气温为20°C左右的地区,富楼罗的发生概率达到峰值,而当月最高气温达到38°C时,发生概率会增加。发生概率随着年降水量的增加而降低,但随着最潮湿和最干燥月份降水量的增加而增加。这表明富楼罗最适合生长在温暖干燥、大部分降水仅出现在几个月的地区,如北美洲南部、南美洲中部和南部、欧洲南部、非洲南部以及澳大利亚中部和东部。鉴于富罗翅蝇是一种流动性很强的搭便车昆虫,会通过货物和其他容器到达新的地区,因此应仔细监测该物种向新地区扩散的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Discovery of a new population of the endangered giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) in Kyushu and evaluation of their genetic structure 九州濒危巨水蝽新居群的发现及其遗传结构的评价
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12564
Tomoya Suzuki, Hidetaka Ichiyanagi, Shin-ya Ohba

The giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli is one of the most well-known endangered aquatic insects in Japan. The population of this species in Kyushu, one of the four major islands of the Japanese Archipelago, is extremely limited. In the present study, we identified a new population of K. deyrolli and undertook population genetic structure analyses based on genome-wide nuclear DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We collected samples using a nonlethal sampling method and obtained 59,279 SNPs. The results of our study confirm that sufficient SNP data for population genetic structure analysis can be obtained through nonlethal sampling. We determined that the newly identified population is genetically differentiated from a previously identified population on Kyushu. Therefore, this population is considered highly important for the conservation of K. deyrolli in Kyushu.

巨型水虫是日本最著名的濒危水生昆虫之一。在日本群岛四大岛屿之一的九州岛,这个物种的数量非常有限。在本研究中,我们鉴定了一个新的deyrolli种群,并基于全基因组核DNA单核苷酸多态性(snp)进行了种群遗传结构分析。我们采用非致死取样方法收集样本,获得59,279个snp。我们的研究结果证实,通过非致死取样可以获得足够的SNP数据用于群体遗传结构分析。我们确定,新发现的种群与以前在九州发现的种群在遗传上是不同的。因此,该种群在九州地区的保护具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Morphology and behavior of ergatandromorph in Camponotus yamaokai Terayama & Satoh, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 山冈井寺山和Satoh, 1990(膜翅目:蚁科)小蜂的形态和行为
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12565
Kazuma Chiyoda, Hiro Yoshimura, Kanata Inoue, Kazuhisa Yamasaki, Toshiyuki Satoh, Satoshi Koyama

Ergatandromorphs are examples of genetic chimeras found in ants, in which they exhibit features of both minor workers and males. In this study, we report a lateral ergatandromorph of Camponotus yamaokai Terayama & Satoh, 1990. The right side of this specimen was characterized as a male and the left side as a minor worker, although some body parts did not show a clear division. The specimen had partially atrophied genitalia on the right side of the metasoma while the genital structures on the left side were absent. The individual engaged in frequent self-grooming and received trophallaxis and allogrooming from the nestmates. This is the first report of the lateral ergatandromorph in the genus Camponotus, which has few documented cases of gynandromorphism.

Ergatandromorphs是在蚂蚁中发现的基因嵌合体的例子,它们同时表现出小型工蚁和雄性工蚁的特征。在这项研究中,我们报道了山冈寺山孔虫(camonotus yamaokai Terayama) & &;1990年佐藤晴。该标本的右侧为雄性,左侧为小型工蚁,尽管一些身体部位没有明显的区分。肿瘤右侧生殖器部分萎缩,左侧生殖器结构缺失。个体进行频繁的自我梳理,并接受同伴的营养和异源梳理。这是第一次报道的侧异雄型在冠蚊属,这是很少有记录的案例雌雄同体。
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引用次数: 0
Larval instar estimation and ultra-structural analysis of Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902) and Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Himalayas 喜玛拉雅地区蜂蛹(Aphaenogaster cristata, Forel, 1902)和蜂蛹(Aphaenogaster pachei, Forel, 1906)幼虫龄期估算及超微结构分析
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12563
Himender Bharti, Jaspreet Kaur, Eduardo G. P. Fox, Meenakshi Bharti

The ontogeny of an organism provides fundamental insights into its life history and evolutionary background. Among insects, especially ants, relatively few observations have been formalized about the morphology of immature stages. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, this study presents the first description of the different larval instars of Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902) and Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906), species endemic to the Himalayas that predominate in areas where cold temperature stress and disturbances limit the presence of other ants. The existence of four larval instars was estimated based on the frequency distribution of their measured maximum head widths. We observed discrete alterations in the body constitution and parts among the different instars, suggesting they must follow similar habits until pupation. The two species, however, present noticeable particularities in their mandibles and hair types, suggesting intrinsic life adaptations. Observed traits complementary with previous descriptions with larvae of the genus and related taxa are suggestive of considerable evolutionary distance from Messor, considered the sister clade, which merits further taxonomic investigation in future studies.

有机体的个体发生提供了对其生活史和进化背景的基本见解。在昆虫中,特别是蚂蚁,关于未成熟阶段形态的观察结果相对较少。利用光学和扫描电子显微镜,本研究首次描述了Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902)和Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906)的不同幼虫,这两种物种是喜马拉雅山特有的,主要分布在寒冷温度胁迫和干扰限制其他蚂蚁存在的地区。根据测量到的最大头宽的频率分布估计了4个幼虫的存在。我们观察到不同龄期的幼虫在身体结构和部位上有不同的变化,这表明它们在化蛹之前必须遵循相似的习惯。然而,这两个物种在下颌骨和毛发类型上表现出明显的特殊性,这表明它们具有内在的生活适应性。观察到的特征与先前对该属和相关分类群幼虫的描述相补充,表明其与被认为是姐妹分支的Messor有相当大的进化距离,值得在未来的研究中进一步进行分类研究。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal and spatial patterns of foraging in two syntopic ant species, Manica yessensis and Formica lemani, on Mount Fuji, Japan 日本富士山两种同位蚁种yessensis和Formica lemani的觅食时空格局
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12562
Keiichi Masuko

Spatiotemporal characteristics of terrestrial foraging were studied in two ant species, Manica yessensis and Formica lemani, in a volcanic desert on the southeast slope of Mount Fuji, Gotenba, Japan. Both ants are common in this habitat, and they construct underground nests in this dry area with sparse vegetation. Nests of M. yessensis have multiple nest-openings on the surface, whereas nests of F. lemani have very few openings, but their nesting and foraging areas overlap completely. A “mark-and-observe” method applied to M. yessensis demonstrated that worker ants of this species move between openings more than 3 m away. A study plot (6 m × 12 m quadrat) was set up, in which all nest-openings of both species were mapped. Day-long observations on numbers of foragers in this plot revealed that foraging M. yessensis are active in morning and evening, while F. lemani continues foraging all day, but both species cease activity at night. Associations between locations of foragers and nest-openings differed significantly between the two species, that is, surface foraging of M. yessensis workers was largely confined to the vicinity of their nest-openings, whereas foragers of F. lemani travelled far from their nest-openings. The function of multiple nest-openings in M. yessensis is discussed.

对日本哥藤场富士山东南坡火山荒漠中2种蚂蚁(Manica yessensis和Formica lemani)的陆地觅食时空特征进行了研究。这两种蚂蚁在这个栖息地都很常见,它们在这个植被稀少的干燥地区建造地下巢穴。yessensis的巢表面有多个开口,而F. lemani的巢表面开口很少,但它们的筑巢和觅食区域完全重叠。一种“标记和观察”的方法应用于m . yessensis表明,该物种的工蚁在超过3米远的开口之间移动。设置6 m × 12 m样方的研究样地,绘制两种鸟类的所有巢孔图。对该样地的采食者数量进行了一整天的观察,发现采食的yessensis在早上和晚上都很活跃,而F. lemani则全天都在采食,但两种物种在晚上都停止活动。两种蚁群的觅食地点和巢穴之间存在显著差异,即yessensis工蚁的地表觅食活动主要局限于巢穴附近,而lemani蚁群的觅食活动则远离巢穴。本文讨论了多巢开口的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Oviposition preference for spherical surfaces is shared among multiple Drosophila species except D. melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) 除了黑腹果蝇(Diptera:Drosophilidae)外,多种果蝇都有对球形表面的产卵偏好
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12560
Junichi Akutsu, Takashi Matsuo

Oviposition preference for spherical substrates has been reported in some insects but not in Drosophila species until the recent finding that Drosophila suzukii preferentially lays eggs on spherical surfaces with a smaller radius, whereas D. melanogaster does not. This finding raised two questions: (i) Was this trait specifically acquired in D. suzukii or lost in D. melanogaster? (ii) In the latter case, is it due to the long-term laboratory culture using oviposition substrates with flat surfaces? To answer these questions, we examined the oviposition preference of three Drosophila species using the stocks recently established from wild individuals. As with D. suzukii, D. simulans and D. takahashii showed significant preference for spherical surfaces with a smaller radius, suggesting that this trait is shared by multiple Drosophila species. In contrast, D. melanogaster did not show any preference for either smaller or larger radii, showing that the preference already has been lost in the natural population of D. melanogaster. It may be possible that the loss of oviposition preference for spherical surfaces is involved in the evolutionary process of D. melanogaster becoming a human commensal.

据报道,一些昆虫对球形基质有产卵偏好,但在果蝇物种中没有,直到最近发现,铃木果蝇优先在半径较小的球形表面产卵,而黑腹果蝇则没有。这一发现提出了两个问题:(i)这种特征是在铃木中特异性获得的,还是在黑腹果蝇中丢失的?(ii)在后一种情况下,是否是由于使用具有平坦表面的产卵基质的长期实验室培养?为了回答这些问题,我们使用最近从野生个体中建立的种群,研究了三种果蝇的产卵偏好。与铃木果蝇一样,拟果蝇和高海果蝇对半径较小的球面表现出显著的偏好,这表明多种果蝇都有这种特征。相比之下,黑腹果蝇对较小或较大的半径没有表现出任何偏好,这表明这种偏好在黑腹果蝇的自然种群中已经丧失。对球形表面产卵偏好的丧失可能与黑腹果蝇成为人类共生体的进化过程有关。
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引用次数: 0
First record of Adelges (Cholodkovskya) viridanus (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in North America, with a description of the fundatrix form in Japan 北美洲首次记录的绿色阿氏蛛(半翅目:阿氏蛛科),并对日本的基部形态进行了描述
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12561
Nathan P. Havill, Shigehiko Shiyake, Deanna Zembrzuski, Robert G. Foottit, Bryan M. T. Brunet

Adelges (Cholodkovskya) viridanus (Cholodkovsky 1896) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) is found throughout Eurasia where it is understood to be anholocyclic, feeding on species of larch (Larix), without host alternation. For the first time, we report this species in North America, outside of its native range, from specimens collected in an arboretum in Ohio, USA. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was inconclusive as to whether it was introduced from Europe or Asia. In addition, specimens collected from Picea jezoensis in Japan were confirmed for the first time as A. (C.) viridanus by matching DNA sequences to specimens collected on Larix. Therefore, A. (C.) viridanus is either capable of completing a host-alternating holocycle in Japan, or includes very recently diverged anholocyclic populations on Picea. Finally, we describe the adult fundatrix form, which was previously unknown.

绿腹蛛(Cholodkovsky)(Cholodcovsky 1896)(半翅目:腹蛛科)分布于整个欧亚大陆,在那里它被认为是无环的,以落叶松(Larix)为食,没有宿主交替。我们首次从美国俄亥俄州树木园采集的标本中报道了该物种在北美的本土以外的地区。分子系统发育分析对它是从欧洲还是亚洲引进的尚无定论。此外,在日本采集的日本云杉标本首次被确认为A。 (C.) 通过将DNA序列与在落叶松上采集的标本进行匹配。因此,A。 (C.) 绿腹蛛在日本能够完成宿主交替的全周期,或者包括云杉上最近分化的非全周期种群。最后,我们描述了以前未知的成人心房形态。
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引用次数: 0
The ant Lasius niger shows no relationship between task efficiency and body size variation among workers 黑蚁在作业效率和作业人员体型变化之间没有关系
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12549
Mateusz Okrutniak, Irena M. Grześ, Anna K. Kucharska, Filip Turza, Małgorzata Zimocha, Sabrina Kerdiane, Patryk Jabłoński

In ants, workers of different sizes may perform various tasks, even in so-called monomorphic species with relatively low body size variation. However, it is unclear if the body size diversity of monomorphic workers correlates with task efficiency, especially in stressful contingencies. Here we tested if the body size variation of workers corresponds with its efficiency in transferring pupae. Transferring brood is a pre-set behavioral response to stress, e.g. suboptimal temperature. Here we applied a laboratory experiment simulating nest damage. The study was performed on the common garden ant (Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758)) – a species with no distinct worker subcastes. The efficiency of workers was measured as the latency of transferring pupae from a lit part of the experimental colony to a darkened part, while the body size diversity was expressed as the within-colony coefficient of variation in head width. We did not find any significant correlation between efficiency and body size variation. Summarizing the existing studies and the present results, we propose the hypothesis that the body size diversity of L. niger may have implications for workers’ division of labor but not for their task efficiency in a stressful contingency.

在蚂蚁中,不同体型的工蚁可以执行不同的任务,即使在体型变化相对较小的所谓单态物种中也是如此。然而,目前尚不清楚单一性工人的体型多样性是否与任务效率相关,特别是在压力突发事件中。在这里,我们测试了工蜂的体型变化是否与其转移蛹的效率相对应。转移幼崽是对压力的一种预先设定的行为反应,例如,次优温度。本文采用室内模拟巢损实验。研究对象是普通园蚁(Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758))——一种没有明显工蚁亚种的蚁种。工蜂的效率是用将蛹从实验群体的光亮部分转移到黑暗部分的潜伏期来衡量的,而体型的多样性则表示为群体内头部宽度的变异系数。我们没有发现效率和体型变化之间有任何显著的相关性。在总结已有研究和本研究结果的基础上,我们提出了一种假设,即黑乳杆菌的体型多样性可能对工人的劳动分工有影响,但对他们在压力偶然性下的任务效率没有影响。
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引用次数: 2
Pupal warning color development in above-ground pupating species but cryptic color in ground-surface pupating species of the nine-spotted diurnal moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae: Syntomini) 九斑日行蛾的地上化蛹种类的蛹色发育为警告色,而地面化蛹种类的蛹色发育为隐色。
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12559
Makoto Tsubuki, Hidemori Yazaki, Fumio Hayashi

Insects usually have cryptic colors to avoid detection by visually hunting predators. However, if the insects acquire toxic or repellent substances against predators, some of them develop conspicuous coloration to exhibit their unpalatability. Such warning colors allow insects to survive. In the nine-spotted diurnal moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae: Syntomini), we found the above-ground pupating species to have conspicuous colored pupae, but the ground-surface pupating species to have cryptic colored pupae. In this study, the relationships between unpalatability and coloration of these pupae are examined among three species of Amata and one species of Syntomoides. Pupae of the two species (A. germana and A. flava) are conspicuous in their color pattern with seven black dotted lines longitudinally on their pale-yellow bodies. These pupae are exposed to the aerial predators in a coarse silk mesh hanging from leaves and/or branches. The other two species (A. fortunei and S. imaon) pupate in spaces under stones, fallen twigs and leaves on the ground surface, and the pupae in a coarse silk cocoon is cryptic dark brown. Their pupation site selections are reproduced in the rearing glass vessels. Palatability assessment using lizards as a potential predator suggests that pupae of A. germana, A. flava and A. fortunei are unpalatable and the lizard's feeding response decreases with experience. However, pupae of S. imaon are all eaten (palatable). Finally, the possible evolutionary scenario of pupal colors of these four species is discussed in relation to pupation site selection and palatability.

昆虫通常有隐蔽的颜色,以避免被视觉上的捕食者发现。然而,如果这些昆虫获得了有毒或驱避捕食者的物质,它们中的一些就会出现明显的颜色,以显示它们的难吃性。这样的警示颜色使昆虫得以生存。在九斑日行蛾中,我们发现地上化蛹的蛹具有明显的彩色,而地面化蛹的蛹具有隐蔽的彩色。在本研究中,研究了三种Amata和一种Syntomoides的不适口性和这些蛹的颜色之间的关系。两种蝇蛹(germana和A. flava)的颜色非常明显,在它们淡黄色的身体上纵向有七条黑色的虚线。这些蛹被暴露在挂在树叶和/或树枝上的粗糙丝绸网中,暴露在空中捕食者面前。另外两种(a . fortunei和S. imaon)在地面上的石头、掉落的树枝和树叶下的空间中化蛹,蛹在粗糙的蚕茧中是暗褐色的。它们的化蛹地点在饲养玻璃器皿中被复制。以蜥蜴作为潜在捕食者进行适口性评价,结果表明德国小蠊、黄斑小蠊和fortunei小蠊的蛹是难吃的,蜥蜴的摄食反应随着经验的增加而降低。但其蛹均可食用(可口)。最后,讨论了这四种虫蛹颜色与化蛹地点选择和适口性的关系。
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引用次数: 0
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