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Molecular detection of Lotmaria passim in intestine of Japanese honeybees (Apis cerana japonica) 日本蜜蜂肠道中Lotmaria passim的分子检测
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12571
Akihiko Suzuki, Yoshiko Sakamoto

Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim are trypanosomatids that infect honeybees, and many studies suggest that both parasites contribute to the decline in the honeybee population. The Japanese honeybee (Apis cerana japonica) is a native honeybee that inhabits various areas of Japan and is one of the most important pollinators. Both parasites have been well studied in the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) but have been poorly investigated in A. c. japonica. The present study investigated the presence of C. mellificae and L. passim in one feral and six managed A. c. japonica colonies at three different institutes. Five out of seven colonies were polymerase chain reaction-positive for L. passim (71.4%); however, C. mellificae was not detected. Four of the five colonies were positive in both the midgut and hindgut, but one was positive only in the hindgut. A homology search and phylogenetic tree of the glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) and cytochrome b (Cytb) genes obtained in this study indicated that the sequences belonged to L. passim. The results of this study emphasize concerns regarding the health of this ecologically important pollinator and the importance of further investigation of the prevalence of L. passim in A. c. japonica in a wider area of Japan.

Crithidia mellificae 和 Lotmaria passim 是感染蜜蜂的锥虫,许多研究表明,这两种寄生虫导致了蜜蜂数量的减少。日本蜜蜂(Apis cerana japonica)是一种原生蜜蜂,栖息在日本多个地区,是最重要的授粉媒介之一。这两种寄生虫对西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)的研究较多,但对日本蜜蜂(Apis cerana japonica)的研究较少。本研究调查了三个不同研究所的一个野外蜂群和六个人工饲养的 A. c. japonica 蜂群中是否存在 C. mellificae 和 L. passim。7 个群落中有 5 个聚合酶链式反应阳性(71.4%),但未检测到 L. passim;5 个群落中有 4 个聚合酶链式反应阳性(71.4%),但未检测到 C. mellificae。五个菌落中有四个在中肠和后肠都呈阳性,但有一个只在后肠呈阳性。本研究中获得的糖体甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(gGAPDH)和细胞色素 b(Cytb)基因的同源性搜索和系统发生树表明,这些序列属于 L. passim。这项研究的结果强调了人们对这种具有重要生态意义的授粉昆虫健康状况的关注,以及在日本更广泛地区进一步调查 L. passim 在 A. c. japonica 中的流行情况的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Traumatic copulation and counterpart female traits are widespread in fritillary butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Argynnini) 创伤性交配和对应的雌性特征在毛翅目蝴蝶(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科:蝶形目)中广泛存在
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12570
Tatsuki MATOBA, Yoshitaka KAMIMURA, Kazunori YOSHIZAWA

Female fritillary butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Argynnini) are known to have diversified genital structures, especially at the entrance of the bursa copulatrix. However, the origin and function of such elaborated structures are poorly known to date. We examined the male and female genital structures of six Japanese species selected from five genera/subgenera [Argynnis (Argynnis), Argynnis (Damora), Argynnis (Argyronome), Fabriciana, and Speyeria] of the Argynnini tribe and found that traumatic copulation is widespread in Argynnini. Various male genital structures, such as the uncus, valva, and phallus, can cause wounds to the female genitalia. The eighth venter of the female, where the highest morphological diversity in female genitalia was detected, is hooked and held by the male uncus during copulation. It is very likely that the diversified female genital structure coevolved with the male uncus as a counterpart for traumatic coupling.

众所周知,雌性凤蝶(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科:凤蝶属)具有多样化的生殖器结构,尤其是在交配囊入口处。然而,迄今为止,人们对这种复杂结构的起源和功能知之甚少。我们研究了六种日本物种的雄性和雌性生殖器结构,这些物种选自 Argynnini 科的五个属/亚属 [Argynnis(Argynis)、Argynis(Damora)、Argynis(Argyronome)、Fabriciana 和 Speyeria]。各种雄性生殖器结构,如阴茎头、瓣膜和阴茎,都会给雌性生殖器造成创伤。雌性第八腹面是雌性生殖器形态多样性最高的地方,在交配过程中被雄性阴茎钩住。雌性生殖器结构的多样性很可能是与雄性阴茎共同进化而来的,作为创伤性交配的对应物。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental adaptation and genetic variations in geographically isolated Emma field crickets Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) 地理隔离的艾玛田野蟋蟀 Teleogryllus emma(直翅目:蝼蛄)的环境适应性和遗传变异
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12569
Tetsuo Arai, Miwa Tanaka (UEDA), Chiaki Arikawa (ANDO), Momoko Kiyota, Sinzo Masaki

The Emma field cricket, Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi & Matsuura), distributed between 43°N and 30°N in the Japanese archipelago, is univoltine and overwinters in the egg stage. Its eggs hatch on the slope of the Oishi Dam (38.03°N, 139.57°E, 160–170 m a.s.l.) in late June, adults begin emerging from late August, and oviposition lasts until early October. Oviposition is limited to the period when the water level of the Oishi Dam is low. The period from egg hatching to adult emergence is approximately 1 month shorter than that of the T. emma population on the Arakawa riverside (38.09°N, 139.57°E, 29 m a.s.l.), which is approximately only 7 km from the Oishi Dam. The egg and body sizes of T. emma on the slope of the Oishi Dam were smaller than those of T. emma on the Arakawa riverside, and the egg and nymphal periods were shorter; these variations were inherited by the next generation of T. emma. The egg period, nymphal period and head width of T. emma on the dam slope correspond to those of the populations near 40°N. Several traits of the T. emma population on the dam slope were naturally selected by adapting to the isolated environment, resulting in the genetic variations. However, their variations were small and the period after isolation is short, suggesting that it is in the early stages of speciation.

艾玛田野蟋蟀(Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi & Matsuura))分布于日本列岛北纬43°至30°之间,单伏性,以卵越冬。其卵于 6 月下旬在大石水坝(北纬 38.03 度,东经 139.57 度,海拔 160-170 米)的斜坡上孵化,成虫从 8 月下旬开始出现,产卵期持续到 10 月初。产卵期仅限于大石坝水位较低时。从卵孵化到成虫出现的时间比荒川河畔(38.09°N,139.57°E,29 m a.s.l.)的 T. emma 种群短约 1 个月,而荒川河畔距离大石水坝仅约 7 公里。与荒川河畔的大石坝T. emma相比,大石坝斜坡上的大石坝T. emma的卵和体型较小,卵期和若虫期也较短,这些变异会遗传给下一代。大坝斜坡上的帝王斑的卵期、蛹期和头宽与北纬 40 度附近的种群一致。坝坡 T. emma 种群的一些性状是在适应孤立环境的过程中自然选择出来的,从而产生了遗传变异。然而,其变异很小,隔离后的时间也很短,表明其处于物种分化的早期阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Possible mechanisms mitigating reproductive interference supposed between Xylena fumosa (Butler) and X. formosa (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Xyleninae), both by-captured in a commercial pheromone trap for Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) Xylena fumosa (Butler) and X. formosa (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Xyleninae) 之间生殖干扰的可能缓解机制,这两种昆虫都是通过商业信息素诱捕器捕获的 Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae)
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12567
Katsuyuki Kohno, Hiroyuki Iida

As differences in sex pheromones usually act as a barrier against interspecific mating, the fact that the closely related moths Xylena fumosa (Butler) and X. formosa (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Xyleninae) are commonly attracted to the sex pheromone lure for Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) seems unlikely, suggesting that some mechanisms exist between them to mitigate a potential reproductive interference in pheromone communications. Thus, we examined the overlaps in ecological niches of the two species, and their attractiveness to commercial pheromone lures for other moths, through pheromone trap surveys and published reports. Long-term field surveys using traps baited with five to six types of artificial sex pheromone lures including those designed for H. armigera, and information in published works revealed that there was a nonnegligible overlap between the two species in terms of seasonal timing of captures, geographic habitats and host plants. These factors, therefore, did not appear to provide conclusive evidence mitigating reproductive interference. However, there was a slight but significant difference between them in the trends of attraction to different artificial pheromone lures; X. formosa was attracted albeit in a small number to the lures for Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), whereas X. fumosa was only attracted to those for H. armigera. This suggests that differences in pheromone composition, rather than differences in temporal and spatial distributions, between the two species could play a more significant role in premating reproductive isolations.

由于性信息素的差异通常会阻碍种间交配,因此,近缘蛾类 Xylena fumosa (Butler) 和 X. formosa (Butler) (鳞翅目:夜蛾科:木蠹蛾科)通常会被 Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) 的性信息素引诱剂吸引。 formosa(Butler)(鳞翅目:夜蛾科:木贼属)通常会被Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)(鳞翅目:夜蛾科:刺蛾属)的性信息素引诱所吸引,这似乎不太可能,这表明它们之间存在某种机制来减轻信息素传播中潜在的生殖干扰。因此,我们通过信息素诱捕器调查和公开报道,研究了这两个物种生态位的重叠,以及它们对其他蛾类的商业信息素引诱剂的吸引力。使用五到六种人工性信息素诱饵(包括专为 H. armigera 设计的人工性信息素诱饵)的诱捕器进行的长期实地调查以及发表的著作中的信息显示,这两个物种在捕获的季节性时间、地理栖息地和寄主植物方面存在不可忽略的重叠。因此,这些因素似乎并不能提供减轻生殖干扰的确凿证据。然而,在对不同人工信息素诱饵的吸引趋势上,它们之间存在着轻微但显著的差异;X. formosa 对 Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (鳞翅目:Plutellidae)的诱饵有少量吸引,而 X. fumosa 只对 H. armigera 的诱饵有吸引。这表明,这两种昆虫之间信息素组成的差异,而不是时间和空间分布的差异,可能在生殖隔离的前兆中起着更重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Reviewer Acknowledgments for Volume 26 第 26 卷审稿人致谢
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12568
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引用次数: 0
Estimating the potential distribution of yellow spotted stink bug (Erthesina fullo) using ecological niche models 利用生态位模型估算黄斑蝽的潜在分布范围
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12566
Gengping Zhu, Tatiana N. Bush, Katherine S. Burgstahler, Nathaniel Green, Hannah Cook, Emily Rampone, Salena Helmreich, Riley M. Reed, Joshua M. Milnes, David W. Crowder

Invasive insect species threaten the productivity of ecosystems worldwide, and ecological niche models can be used to predict distributions of invaders and guide management efforts. Ecological niche models can also aid monitoring for invasive species that are globally distributed. One such species is the yellow spotted stink bug (Erthesina fullo Thunberg), a polyphagous pest native to Asia that has established in Europe and South America and threatens specialty crops. Here, we used ecological niche models to predict the potential distribution of E. fullo, and created a website to display predictions. We show that E. fullo has peak occurrence probability in areas with annual mean temperatures around 20°C, and that the occurrence probability increases as maximum monthly temperature reaches up to 38°C. The likelihood of occurrence decreased as annual precipitation increased, but increased with greater precipitation in the wettest and driest months. This suggests E. fullo is most suited to regions that are warm and dry and where most precipitation occurs across only a few months, such as southern North America, central and southern South America, southern Europe, southern Africa, and central and eastern Australia. Given that E. fullo is a highly mobile hitchhiking insect that travels through cargo and other containers to new areas, the potential spread of this species into new regions should be carefully monitored.

入侵昆虫物种威胁着全球生态系统的生产力,生态位模型可用于预测入侵者的分布并指导管理工作。生态位模型还可以帮助监测全球分布的入侵物种。黄斑蝽(Erthesina fullo Thunberg)就是这样一种物种,它是一种原产于亚洲的多食性害虫,已在欧洲和南美洲定居,并威胁到特种作物。在这里,我们使用生态位模型来预测黄斑蝽的潜在分布,并创建了一个网站来展示预测结果。我们的研究表明,在年平均气温为20°C左右的地区,富楼罗的发生概率达到峰值,而当月最高气温达到38°C时,发生概率会增加。发生概率随着年降水量的增加而降低,但随着最潮湿和最干燥月份降水量的增加而增加。这表明富楼罗最适合生长在温暖干燥、大部分降水仅出现在几个月的地区,如北美洲南部、南美洲中部和南部、欧洲南部、非洲南部以及澳大利亚中部和东部。鉴于富罗翅蝇是一种流动性很强的搭便车昆虫,会通过货物和其他容器到达新的地区,因此应仔细监测该物种向新地区扩散的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Discovery of a new population of the endangered giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) in Kyushu and evaluation of their genetic structure 九州濒危巨水蝽新居群的发现及其遗传结构的评价
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12564
Tomoya Suzuki, Hidetaka Ichiyanagi, Shin-ya Ohba

The giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli is one of the most well-known endangered aquatic insects in Japan. The population of this species in Kyushu, one of the four major islands of the Japanese Archipelago, is extremely limited. In the present study, we identified a new population of K. deyrolli and undertook population genetic structure analyses based on genome-wide nuclear DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We collected samples using a nonlethal sampling method and obtained 59,279 SNPs. The results of our study confirm that sufficient SNP data for population genetic structure analysis can be obtained through nonlethal sampling. We determined that the newly identified population is genetically differentiated from a previously identified population on Kyushu. Therefore, this population is considered highly important for the conservation of K. deyrolli in Kyushu.

巨型水虫是日本最著名的濒危水生昆虫之一。在日本群岛四大岛屿之一的九州岛,这个物种的数量非常有限。在本研究中,我们鉴定了一个新的deyrolli种群,并基于全基因组核DNA单核苷酸多态性(snp)进行了种群遗传结构分析。我们采用非致死取样方法收集样本,获得59,279个snp。我们的研究结果证实,通过非致死取样可以获得足够的SNP数据用于群体遗传结构分析。我们确定,新发现的种群与以前在九州发现的种群在遗传上是不同的。因此,该种群在九州地区的保护具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Morphology and behavior of ergatandromorph in Camponotus yamaokai Terayama & Satoh, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 山冈井寺山和Satoh, 1990(膜翅目:蚁科)小蜂的形态和行为
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12565
Kazuma Chiyoda, Hiro Yoshimura, Kanata Inoue, Kazuhisa Yamasaki, Toshiyuki Satoh, Satoshi Koyama

Ergatandromorphs are examples of genetic chimeras found in ants, in which they exhibit features of both minor workers and males. In this study, we report a lateral ergatandromorph of Camponotus yamaokai Terayama & Satoh, 1990. The right side of this specimen was characterized as a male and the left side as a minor worker, although some body parts did not show a clear division. The specimen had partially atrophied genitalia on the right side of the metasoma while the genital structures on the left side were absent. The individual engaged in frequent self-grooming and received trophallaxis and allogrooming from the nestmates. This is the first report of the lateral ergatandromorph in the genus Camponotus, which has few documented cases of gynandromorphism.

Ergatandromorphs是在蚂蚁中发现的基因嵌合体的例子,它们同时表现出小型工蚁和雄性工蚁的特征。在这项研究中,我们报道了山冈寺山孔虫(camonotus yamaokai Terayama) & &;1990年佐藤晴。该标本的右侧为雄性,左侧为小型工蚁,尽管一些身体部位没有明显的区分。肿瘤右侧生殖器部分萎缩,左侧生殖器结构缺失。个体进行频繁的自我梳理,并接受同伴的营养和异源梳理。这是第一次报道的侧异雄型在冠蚊属,这是很少有记录的案例雌雄同体。
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引用次数: 0
Larval instar estimation and ultra-structural analysis of Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902) and Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Himalayas 喜玛拉雅地区蜂蛹(Aphaenogaster cristata, Forel, 1902)和蜂蛹(Aphaenogaster pachei, Forel, 1906)幼虫龄期估算及超微结构分析
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12563
Himender Bharti, Jaspreet Kaur, Eduardo G. P. Fox, Meenakshi Bharti

The ontogeny of an organism provides fundamental insights into its life history and evolutionary background. Among insects, especially ants, relatively few observations have been formalized about the morphology of immature stages. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, this study presents the first description of the different larval instars of Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902) and Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906), species endemic to the Himalayas that predominate in areas where cold temperature stress and disturbances limit the presence of other ants. The existence of four larval instars was estimated based on the frequency distribution of their measured maximum head widths. We observed discrete alterations in the body constitution and parts among the different instars, suggesting they must follow similar habits until pupation. The two species, however, present noticeable particularities in their mandibles and hair types, suggesting intrinsic life adaptations. Observed traits complementary with previous descriptions with larvae of the genus and related taxa are suggestive of considerable evolutionary distance from Messor, considered the sister clade, which merits further taxonomic investigation in future studies.

有机体的个体发生提供了对其生活史和进化背景的基本见解。在昆虫中,特别是蚂蚁,关于未成熟阶段形态的观察结果相对较少。利用光学和扫描电子显微镜,本研究首次描述了Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902)和Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906)的不同幼虫,这两种物种是喜马拉雅山特有的,主要分布在寒冷温度胁迫和干扰限制其他蚂蚁存在的地区。根据测量到的最大头宽的频率分布估计了4个幼虫的存在。我们观察到不同龄期的幼虫在身体结构和部位上有不同的变化,这表明它们在化蛹之前必须遵循相似的习惯。然而,这两个物种在下颌骨和毛发类型上表现出明显的特殊性,这表明它们具有内在的生活适应性。观察到的特征与先前对该属和相关分类群幼虫的描述相补充,表明其与被认为是姐妹分支的Messor有相当大的进化距离,值得在未来的研究中进一步进行分类研究。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal and spatial patterns of foraging in two syntopic ant species, Manica yessensis and Formica lemani, on Mount Fuji, Japan 日本富士山两种同位蚁种yessensis和Formica lemani的觅食时空格局
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/ens.12562
Keiichi Masuko

Spatiotemporal characteristics of terrestrial foraging were studied in two ant species, Manica yessensis and Formica lemani, in a volcanic desert on the southeast slope of Mount Fuji, Gotenba, Japan. Both ants are common in this habitat, and they construct underground nests in this dry area with sparse vegetation. Nests of M. yessensis have multiple nest-openings on the surface, whereas nests of F. lemani have very few openings, but their nesting and foraging areas overlap completely. A “mark-and-observe” method applied to M. yessensis demonstrated that worker ants of this species move between openings more than 3 m away. A study plot (6 m × 12 m quadrat) was set up, in which all nest-openings of both species were mapped. Day-long observations on numbers of foragers in this plot revealed that foraging M. yessensis are active in morning and evening, while F. lemani continues foraging all day, but both species cease activity at night. Associations between locations of foragers and nest-openings differed significantly between the two species, that is, surface foraging of M. yessensis workers was largely confined to the vicinity of their nest-openings, whereas foragers of F. lemani travelled far from their nest-openings. The function of multiple nest-openings in M. yessensis is discussed.

对日本哥藤场富士山东南坡火山荒漠中2种蚂蚁(Manica yessensis和Formica lemani)的陆地觅食时空特征进行了研究。这两种蚂蚁在这个栖息地都很常见,它们在这个植被稀少的干燥地区建造地下巢穴。yessensis的巢表面有多个开口,而F. lemani的巢表面开口很少,但它们的筑巢和觅食区域完全重叠。一种“标记和观察”的方法应用于m . yessensis表明,该物种的工蚁在超过3米远的开口之间移动。设置6 m × 12 m样方的研究样地,绘制两种鸟类的所有巢孔图。对该样地的采食者数量进行了一整天的观察,发现采食的yessensis在早上和晚上都很活跃,而F. lemani则全天都在采食,但两种物种在晚上都停止活动。两种蚁群的觅食地点和巢穴之间存在显著差异,即yessensis工蚁的地表觅食活动主要局限于巢穴附近,而lemani蚁群的觅食活动则远离巢穴。本文讨论了多巢开口的功能。
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引用次数: 0
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