Pub Date : 1996-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EQEC.1996.561694
M. Gorris-Neveaux, P. Monnot, S. Saltiel, M. Ducloy, R. Barbé, J. Keller
The conditions of observation of direct two-photon-induced dispersion in three-level reflection spectroscopy at a vapor-dielectric interface are discussed. One shows how pump frequency modulation allows one to discriminate the two-photon singular contribution associated with atoms moving quasiparallel to the dielectric interface, and therefore single out off-resonant Doppler-free two-photon dispersion in selective reflection. A nonperturbative theoretical approach to two-photon reflection is shown to predict a dynamic Stark shift of the two-photon resonance, which has been experimentally observed on the 6S-6P-8S transition of cesium. @S1050-2947~96!06009-X#
讨论了三能级反射光谱在汽介电界面上观测直接双光子诱导色散的条件。其中一项显示了泵频调制如何允许人们区分与原子准平行移动到介电界面相关的双光子奇异贡献，从而在选择性反射中挑选出非共振无多普勒双光子色散。在铯的6S-6P-8S跃迁中，我们用一种非微扰理论方法预测了双光子共振的动态Stark位移。@s1050——2947 ~ 96 !06009 - x #
{"title":"Two-Photon Selective Reflection","authors":"M. Gorris-Neveaux, P. Monnot, S. Saltiel, M. Ducloy, R. Barbé, J. Keller","doi":"10.1109/EQEC.1996.561694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EQEC.1996.561694","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions of observation of direct two-photon-induced dispersion in three-level reflection spectroscopy at a vapor-dielectric interface are discussed. One shows how pump frequency modulation allows one to discriminate the two-photon singular contribution associated with atoms moving quasiparallel to the dielectric interface, and therefore single out off-resonant Doppler-free two-photon dispersion in selective reflection. A nonperturbative theoretical approach to two-photon reflection is shown to predict a dynamic Stark shift of the two-photon resonance, which has been experimentally observed on the 6S-6P-8S transition of cesium. @S1050-2947~96!06009-X#","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"13 3 1","pages":"107-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74645685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Swanstom, D. Yu, W. Lu, J. Kollmer, R. Harrison
Sciiiiconductor diode lasers subject to external optical phase-conjugate feedback exhibit beh;ivior which can differ radically from the cffects of conventional optical feedback. Some of thcsc dilferences were reviewed for the case of a single-longitudinal mode semiconductor lascr [ 1 ). When the semiconductor laser oscillates in mullipte longitudinal modes, phase conjugetc feedback obtained through four-wave mixing can lead to mode locking and short-pulse
{"title":"Low-Frequency Chaos in Semiconductor Lasers with External Feedback","authors":"N. Swanstom, D. Yu, W. Lu, J. Kollmer, R. Harrison","doi":"10.1142/9789814531115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814531115","url":null,"abstract":"Sciiiiconductor diode lasers subject to external optical phase-conjugate feedback exhibit beh;ivior which can differ radically from the cffects of conventional optical feedback. Some of thcsc dilferences were reviewed for the case of a single-longitudinal mode semiconductor lascr [ 1 ). When the semiconductor laser oscillates in mullipte longitudinal modes, phase conjugetc feedback obtained through four-wave mixing can lead to mode locking and short-pulse","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"137 1","pages":"165-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79720942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report an experimental observation of the light beam self-channeling inside the photorefractive Bi12TiO20 waveguide-like sample. The phenomenon occurs when the strong fanning effect takes place. Total internal reflections of fanned beams from the waveguide surfaces and their coupling with the pump beam result in the light intensity redistribution inside the photorefractive waveguide. The self-induced channel of the increased light intensity speeds up the photorefractive energy exchange process.
{"title":"Laser Beam Self-Channeling in a Photorefractive Waveguide Caused by Fanning Effect","authors":"A. Kamshilin, E. Raita, A. Khomenko","doi":"10.1117/12.2316076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2316076","url":null,"abstract":"We report an experimental observation of the light beam self-channeling inside the photorefractive Bi12TiO20 waveguide-like sample. The phenomenon occurs when the strong fanning effect takes place. Total internal reflections of fanned beams from the waveguide surfaces and their coupling with the pump beam result in the light intensity redistribution inside the photorefractive waveguide. The self-induced channel of the increased light intensity speeds up the photorefractive energy exchange process.","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"138-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78448954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Bartuch, U. Peschel, T. Gabler, R. Waldhaust, H. Horhold
We investigated the beam propagation in a planar polymer waveguide. The formation of a spatial soliton is observed.
研究了波束在平面聚合物波导中的传播。观察到空间孤子的形成。
{"title":"Experimental Observation of Spatial solitons in Polymer Waveguides","authors":"U. Bartuch, U. Peschel, T. Gabler, R. Waldhaust, H. Horhold","doi":"10.1117/12.2316073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2316073","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the beam propagation in a planar polymer waveguide. The formation of a spatial soliton is observed.","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"126 1","pages":"229-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87752413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.1109/EQEC.1996.561567
K. B. Davis, M. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. V. Druten, D. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, W. Ketterle
We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of sodium atoms. The atoms were trapped in a novel trap that employed both magnetic and optical forces. Evaporative cooling increased the phase-space density by 6 orders of magnitude within seven seconds. Condensates contained up to 5 3 105 atoms at densities exceeding 1014 cm23. The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of , 2 mK. The distribution consisted of an isotropic thermal distribution and an elliptical core attributed to the expansion of a dense condensate.
{"title":"Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms","authors":"K. B. Davis, M. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. V. Druten, D. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, W. Ketterle","doi":"10.1109/EQEC.1996.561567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EQEC.1996.561567","url":null,"abstract":"We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of sodium atoms. The atoms were trapped in a novel trap that employed both magnetic and optical forces. Evaporative cooling increased the phase-space density by 6 orders of magnitude within seven seconds. Condensates contained up to 5 3 105 atoms at densities exceeding 1014 cm23. The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of , 2 mK. The distribution consisted of an isotropic thermal distribution and an elliptical core attributed to the expansion of a dense condensate.","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"39-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90550700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-28DOI: 10.1109/EQEC.1996.561603
Huang Wu, C. Foot
We have simulated the evaporative cooling of trapped atoms using a very efficient method originally introduced for the study of molecular gas dynamics. This straightforward and intuitive method allows the dynamics of the evaporative cooling process to be studied and requires fewer simplifications and assumptions than other methods. In particular, the method is not restricted to distributions close to equilibrium and therefore it can model accurately rapid forced evaporative cooling, which is an important technique for cooling trapped atoms. We present the results of simulations for forced evaporative cooling in one, two and three dimensions.
{"title":"Direct Simulation of Evaporative Cooling","authors":"Huang Wu, C. Foot","doi":"10.1109/EQEC.1996.561603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EQEC.1996.561603","url":null,"abstract":"We have simulated the evaporative cooling of trapped atoms using a very efficient method originally introduced for the study of molecular gas dynamics. This straightforward and intuitive method allows the dynamics of the evaporative cooling process to be studied and requires fewer simplifications and assumptions than other methods. In particular, the method is not restricted to distributions close to equilibrium and therefore it can model accurately rapid forced evaporative cooling, which is an important technique for cooling trapped atoms. We present the results of simulations for forced evaporative cooling in one, two and three dimensions.","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"57-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77788222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-01DOI: 10.1109/EQEC.1996.561744
C. Kurtsiefer, C. Ekstrom, D. Voigt, O. Dross, T. Pfau, J. Mlynek
We report on an experimental investigation of coherent optical excitation processes for an atomic two-level system in metastable helium. A simple absolute measure of the excitation probability is obtained from the deflection of an atomic beam, as excited atoms receive an additional momentum corresponding to a single photon recoil. With this method, we investigate the excitation process as a function of laser power, wavefront curvature and interaction time. Rabi oscillations are seen in the center-of-mass motion of an atomic ensemble for small wavefront curvatures, which change to adiabatic transfer produced by a Doppler detuning chirp for large wavefront curvatures. The adiabatic transfer provides a simple method for complete excitation of an atomic two-level system.
{"title":"Coherent Excitation of a He* Beam Observed in Atomic Momentum Distributions","authors":"C. Kurtsiefer, C. Ekstrom, D. Voigt, O. Dross, T. Pfau, J. Mlynek","doi":"10.1109/EQEC.1996.561744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EQEC.1996.561744","url":null,"abstract":"We report on an experimental investigation of coherent optical excitation processes for an atomic two-level system in metastable helium. A simple absolute measure of the excitation probability is obtained from the deflection of an atomic beam, as excited atoms receive an additional momentum corresponding to a single photon recoil. With this method, we investigate the excitation process as a function of laser power, wavefront curvature and interaction time. Rabi oscillations are seen in the center-of-mass motion of an atomic ensemble for small wavefront curvatures, which change to adiabatic transfer produced by a Doppler detuning chirp for large wavefront curvatures. The adiabatic transfer provides a simple method for complete excitation of an atomic two-level system.","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"132-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81102970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EQEC.1996.561510
G. Lippi, S. Barbay, G. Barozzi, A. Roux, J. Tredicce
We create ii dark optical lattice structure in ii scanding wave tuned to the blue of the F=3 to F=3 Irtinsition ofthe XSRubidiuin DI-line. The coupling of the F=3 ground slate lo both the F=2 and F=3 excited states induces a periodic potential i n which the atoms are trapped at locations of purely circular polarisation, wherc they itre only weakly coupled to the light field. We adiabatically release the atoms rrom the optical lattice and measure their inomentuin distribution with a resolution of one third of 21 single photon recoil. During the adiabatic release the quasi-momentum and the population of the energy bands are conserved. The population of the lowest energy band is mapped on the -hk to +hk momentum interval of the free atom, and the first energy band is mapped on the two momentum intervals -2hk to -hk and hk to 2hk. The figure shows the measured populations i n comparision with those determined by a numerical simulation, which uses a rate equation approach to obtain the steady state populations of the Bloch states.
{"title":"Dynamical Density Grating in a Hot Vapor","authors":"G. Lippi, S. Barbay, G. Barozzi, A. Roux, J. Tredicce","doi":"10.1109/EQEC.1996.561510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EQEC.1996.561510","url":null,"abstract":"We create ii dark optical lattice structure in ii scanding wave tuned to the blue of the F=3 to F=3 Irtinsition ofthe XSRubidiuin DI-line. The coupling of the F=3 ground slate lo both the F=2 and F=3 excited states induces a periodic potential i n which the atoms are trapped at locations of purely circular polarisation, wherc they itre only weakly coupled to the light field. We adiabatically release the atoms rrom the optical lattice and measure their inomentuin distribution with a resolution of one third of 21 single photon recoil. During the adiabatic release the quasi-momentum and the population of the energy bands are conserved. The population of the lowest energy band is mapped on the -hk to +hk momentum interval of the free atom, and the first energy band is mapped on the two momentum intervals -2hk to -hk and hk to 2hk. The figure shows the measured populations i n comparision with those determined by a numerical simulation, which uses a rate equation approach to obtain the steady state populations of the Bloch states.","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"6-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73538832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EQEC.1996.561813
A. Popov, V.V. Kinberg
{"title":"Interference of Bound-Bound and Bound-Free Transitions in Strong Lser Fields","authors":"A. Popov, V.V. Kinberg","doi":"10.1109/EQEC.1996.561813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EQEC.1996.561813","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11780,"journal":{"name":"EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference","volume":"58 1","pages":"171-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73837111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EQEC.1996.561839
N. Ter-Gabrielyan, V. Markushev, C. Briskina
It would be possible to develop purely chemical high power pulsed laser systems based on so called photon branchin chain reactions. In such type of reactions induced emission OF photons in the course of the chain reaction exceeds their expense to initiate the reaction. In our works a well-ar ued and fundamentally new way to bring about photon branc!in chain reactions, based on nonresonant interaction between I$ laser radiation and dispersed chemically actlve medja, has been advanced. It consists in introducing finely dispersed particles (e.g. passivated metal articles) into the active medium of HF or DF CO2 laser. TRe heating under the action of IR laser radiation causes the evaporation of particles and initiation of the chain reaction (Me t FZ = MeF t F). In this work we investi ated theoretically a ,pure chemical pulsed H2 F2 ampliyier with medium containing dis ersed particles of aluminium. We based on the authors’ own mul!ilevel model of HF laser allowed for the rotational nonequilibrium and anharmonicity of the HF molecules. Numerical calculations of chemical kinetics equations, vibrational relaxation e uations, heat balance e uation, equations for the temperature and radius of the aquminium particles subject t o evaporation in the HF laser field and the radiation transfer equations have been performed. We have found new dynamic regime of photon branching in dispersed medium of HF laser -wave re ime of the pro a ation of branchin chain reaction. In lhis regime efr%c?ive len t i ! h ? % the inpu? rlse absorption by dispersed particles is Par less than len t L of the HF amplifier. It was shown that output energy 07 the HZ F2 am lifier (L = 4 m) with the mixture pressure of 1 bar which utilizes aluminium particles with the concentration of &log cni’ and the diameter of 0.1 micrometers (h = 0.4 ml exceeds energy of the input radiation by 30 times. The ,research described in this publication was ,made ossible in part by Grant No.MXOOO from International Science F oundat ion. QThG20 Investigation of the Laser-like Effect in Powdered Luminophores
基于所谓的光子支链反应，开发纯化学高功率脉冲激光系统是可能的。在这种类型的反应中，在链式反应过程中引起的光子发射超过了它们引发反应的费用。在我们的工作中，我们采用了一种非常常用的、全新的方式来产生光子分支!基于I$激光辐射与分散的化学活性介质之间的非共振相互作用，提出了链式反应。它包括在HF或DF CO2激光器的活性介质中引入精细分散的颗粒(例如钝化的金属颗粒)。在红外激光辐射的作用下，加热导致颗粒蒸发并引发链式反应(Me t FZ = MeF t F)。在这项工作中，我们从理论上研究了一种纯化学脉冲H2 F2放大器，介质中含有分散的铝颗粒。我们基于作者自己的判断!高频激光的能级模型考虑了高频分子的转动非平衡性和非调和性。对化学动力学方程、振动弛豫方程、热平衡方程、高频激光场中受蒸发的铝粒子的温度和半径方程以及辐射传递方程进行了数值计算。我们发现了HF激光在分散介质中光子分支的新动态机制——支链反应发生的波时间。在这种情况下，efr%c?我离开了我!h ?%输入?分散粒子对高频的吸收小于高频放大器的l1l。结果表明，当混合压力为1 bar时，使用浓度为&log cni '、直径为0.1微米(h = 0.4 ml)的铝颗粒，在HZ F2中输出的能量(L = 4 m)超过输入辐射能量的30倍。本出版物中所描述的研究部分是由第5号基金资助的。国际科学基金会MXOOO资助。粉末发光团中类激光效应的QThG20研究
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