Hugo Tavares de Souza, C. Fernandes, R. Lopes, Stéphane Amireault, M. L. Vasquez
The southeast region of the Amazonian Craton has been the target of several metallogenetic surveys, which recently led to the identification of the world-class Volta Grande gold deposit with gold reserves of ~ 3.8 Moz at 1.02 g/t. This deposit is located ~60 km southeast of Altamira city, Para state, and is hosted in the Tres Palmeiras intrusive-greenstone belt, itself located in the northern Bacaja Tectonic Domain (2.24 – 2.0 Ga). A mylonitized, high-level intrusive suite hosts the mineralization. Local kinematic indicators point to dip-slip movement with the greenstone moving up relative to the intrusive rocks. Native gold mostly occurs as isolated grains in centimetric quartz veins and veinlets associated with pervasive carbonatic alteration that was synchronous to dynamic metamorphism. Part of gold is also associated to sulfide disseminations in this generally low-sulfide mineralization. These relationships are compatible with orogenic lode-type gold systems elsewhere. New petrographic studies from core samples along the stratigraphic profile reveal the presence of lava flows and dykes of rhyodacite, rhyolite, and subordinated microgranite crosscutting earlier style of mineralization. These rocks are characterized by potassic, propylitic, sericitic, and/or carbonatic hydrothermal alteration in selective, pervasive, or fracture-controlled styles. Within the hydrothermally altered rocks, gold occurs as disseminated isolated grains or replacing sulfides. Both native gold and sulfides are also hosted in centimetric quartz veinlets. Such features of the deposit are similar to those of the porphyry-type and low- to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal systems already identified in the Amazonian Craton. These data indicate a second mineralizing event, a common fact in large-tonnage gold deposits, and is now proposed for the Volta Grande deposit that can represent a new exploration guide.
{"title":"Mineralizing events of the world-class Volta Grande gold deposit, southeastern Amazonian Craton, Brazil","authors":"Hugo Tavares de Souza, C. Fernandes, R. Lopes, Stéphane Amireault, M. L. Vasquez","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09537","url":null,"abstract":"The southeast region of the Amazonian Craton has been the target of several metallogenetic surveys, which recently led to the identification of the world-class Volta Grande gold deposit with gold reserves of ~ 3.8 Moz at 1.02 g/t. This deposit is located ~60 km southeast of Altamira city, Para state, and is hosted in the Tres Palmeiras intrusive-greenstone belt, itself located in the northern Bacaja Tectonic Domain (2.24 – 2.0 Ga). A mylonitized, high-level intrusive suite hosts the mineralization. Local kinematic indicators point to dip-slip movement with the greenstone moving up relative to the intrusive rocks. Native gold mostly occurs as isolated grains in centimetric quartz veins and veinlets associated with pervasive carbonatic alteration that was synchronous to dynamic metamorphism. Part of gold is also associated to sulfide disseminations in this generally low-sulfide mineralization. These relationships are compatible with orogenic lode-type gold systems elsewhere. New petrographic studies from core samples along the stratigraphic profile reveal the presence of lava flows and dykes of rhyodacite, rhyolite, and subordinated microgranite crosscutting earlier style of mineralization. These rocks are characterized by potassic, propylitic, sericitic, and/or carbonatic hydrothermal alteration in selective, pervasive, or fracture-controlled styles. Within the hydrothermally altered rocks, gold occurs as disseminated isolated grains or replacing sulfides. Both native gold and sulfides are also hosted in centimetric quartz veinlets. Such features of the deposit are similar to those of the porphyry-type and low- to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal systems already identified in the Amazonian Craton. These data indicate a second mineralizing event, a common fact in large-tonnage gold deposits, and is now proposed for the Volta Grande deposit that can represent a new exploration guide.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127620677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Molugaram, Bhanu Prakash Darisi, Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha Madiraju
: The rapid growth of population and fast urbanization has resulted in the reduction of the good quality of available land. Black cotton (BC) soil is one of such problematic soils, though they are very fertile soils, they are not suitable for the foundation of roads and buildings. They are expansive clays with a high potential for shrinking or swelling as a result of changing moisture content. Due to the intensive shrink-swell process, surface cracks appear during dry seasons. A small amount of rainfall, such as 6mm can make these soils impassable for all traffic. About 23% of the area in India is covered by BC soil. To utilize expansive soils effectively, proper ground improvement techniques are to be adopted. One of the most widely used techniques is to stabilize the expansive soil with conventional admixtures like lime, GGBS, cement, and fly ash. In the present study, an attempt is made to modify the engineering properties of black cotton soil. This research work presents the improvement of engineering characteristics of expansive soils using Lime and GGBS as an additive. For experimental work, Lime of 2%, 4%, and 6% used and corresponding 5%, and 10% of GGBS is used. Tests like the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) test, proctor test, Atterberg’s limits performed. After stabilization, it was found that UCS and CBR of soil increased significantly.
{"title":"Subgrade Black Cotton Soil Stabilization using Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Lime, an inorganic mineral","authors":"K. Molugaram, Bhanu Prakash Darisi, Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha Madiraju","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09390","url":null,"abstract":": The rapid growth of population and fast urbanization has resulted in the reduction of the good quality of available land. Black cotton (BC) soil is one of such problematic soils, though they are very fertile soils, they are not suitable for the foundation of roads and buildings. They are expansive clays with a high potential for shrinking or swelling as a result of changing moisture content. Due to the intensive shrink-swell process, surface cracks appear during dry seasons. A small amount of rainfall, such as 6mm can make these soils impassable for all traffic. About 23% of the area in India is covered by BC soil. To utilize expansive soils effectively, proper ground improvement techniques are to be adopted. One of the most widely used techniques is to stabilize the expansive soil with conventional admixtures like lime, GGBS, cement, and fly ash. In the present study, an attempt is made to modify the engineering properties of black cotton soil. This research work presents the improvement of engineering characteristics of expansive soils using Lime and GGBS as an additive. For experimental work, Lime of 2%, 4%, and 6% used and corresponding 5%, and 10% of GGBS is used. Tests like the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) test, proctor test, Atterberg’s limits performed. After stabilization, it was found that UCS and CBR of soil increased significantly.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129334667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wetlands and aquatic ecosystems, which are an important part of the ecological system and national resources that need to be well managed, are becoming polluted by toxic heavy metals (HMs) from industrial, mining and smelting of metalliferous ores, and agricultural activities. The loss of wetlands may cause loss of flora and fauna, and decrease biodiversity. Water logging resistant plants and their root associated microbes (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobia (PGPR) can provide potential tools in Constructed Wetlands (CWs) in order to Nano-Mycorrhizo-Phytoremediation (NMPR) of HM-polluted natural wetlands and aquatic ecosystems. AMF-CW systems should be considered ideal inhabitants of technical installations for Phytoremediation and need to be optimized in efficient functioning of Phytoremediation in field trials. This presentation will address one of the major hurdles in the production of large quantities of indigenous and stress-adapted AMF inoculum for the purposes of constructing artificial AM-CW systems. Significance and potential role of floating islands of aquatic macrophytes like Vetiver grass and their root associated microbes (AMF and PGPR) in environmental cleanup of HMs contaminated industrial, municipal, and mining effluents, will be highlighted in the presentation. During the Environmental and pollutants stresses, the aquatic macrophytes and their root associated microbes produce nano- molecules of HM-binding cysteine-rich peptides, phytochelators (Nano-molecules) forming HM-complexes which sequester HM- ions, protecting the host from contaminants. HM-adapted AMF not only enhance Vetiver grass growth producing greater biomass for bio energy production but also uptake/stabilize HMs , e.g. Nano-Mycorrhizo-Phytoremediation (NMPR).
{"title":"Nano-Phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated wastewater ecosystems and wetlands by constructed wetlands planted with waterlogging-tolerant mycorrhizal fungi and Vetiver grass","authors":"A. Khan","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09385","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands and aquatic ecosystems, which are an important part of the ecological system and national resources that need to be well managed, are becoming polluted by toxic heavy metals (HMs) from industrial, mining and smelting of metalliferous ores, and agricultural activities. The loss of wetlands may cause loss of flora and fauna, and decrease biodiversity. \u0000Water logging resistant plants and their root associated microbes (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobia (PGPR) can provide potential tools in Constructed Wetlands (CWs) in order to Nano-Mycorrhizo-Phytoremediation (NMPR) of HM-polluted natural wetlands and aquatic ecosystems. AMF-CW systems should be considered ideal inhabitants of technical installations for Phytoremediation and need to be optimized in efficient functioning of Phytoremediation in field trials. \u0000This presentation will address one of the major hurdles in the production of large quantities of indigenous and stress-adapted AMF inoculum for the purposes of constructing artificial AM-CW systems. Significance and potential role of floating islands of aquatic macrophytes like Vetiver grass and their root associated microbes (AMF and PGPR) in environmental cleanup of HMs contaminated industrial, municipal, and mining effluents, will be highlighted in the presentation. During the Environmental and pollutants stresses, the aquatic macrophytes and their root associated microbes produce nano- molecules of HM-binding cysteine-rich peptides, phytochelators (Nano-molecules) forming HM-complexes which sequester HM- ions, protecting the host from contaminants. HM-adapted AMF not only enhance Vetiver grass growth producing greater biomass for bio energy production but also uptake/stabilize HMs , e.g. Nano-Mycorrhizo-Phytoremediation (NMPR).","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133555681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In lines 5 and 6 iron ore concentrate production plants of Gol-e-Gohar Complex (Sirjan, Iran) the special surface of concentrate (Blain) is increased by the high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR).At present, due to changes in the input feed of the plant, the magnetite concentrate moisture has increased. Increasing the moisture content of the material will reduce the HPGR operational gap, thereby reducing the feed rate and the effective pressure on the particles. As a result, Blain of Concentrate was reduced. In the present study, the effect of several surfactants on the filtration rate and cake moisture content of Gol-e-Gohar iron ore concentrate was investigated using a laboratory scale vacuum filter. Four surfactants were used to study their effect on moisture, cake formation time and throughput. Chemicals was Sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SDS and SLES, anionic surfactant), Polyethylene glycol (PEG, nonionic surfactant) and Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, cationic surfactant). filtration tests was carried out at optimal conditions of operating pressure, dewatering time, particle size, and solids content of pulp respectively 60 Kp, 120 second, 105 micron and 60% w/w. results indicated that by adding 100 g/t SDS and SLES, the filter cake moisture content reduced from 9.2 to 7% (wet weight base). So they was effectiveness more than other surfactants. The SDS increased filtration efficiency by decreasing cake formation time, increasing the filtrate volume and throughput. The use of SDS and SLES improves filtration performance by increasing the ratio of throughput to moisture (Φ= throughput/moisture). At a dose of 100 g/ton SDS and 75 g/ton SLES, the lowest moisture of filter cake and the highest throughput was achieved. The ratio (Φ) for those was highest compared to other surfactants. The results showed that SLES had the same SDS results as 75 g /ton. SLES was chosen as the final filter aid because of it has better performance on reducing the moisture content of the cake, reducing the cake formation time, higher throughput, cost-effectiveness and availability.
{"title":"Increasing the Efficiency of Vacuum Belt Filter in Gol-E-Gohar iron ore concentrate production by adding surfactants","authors":"Ahmad Azargoon Jahromi, H. Naderi, A. Dehghani","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09384","url":null,"abstract":"In lines 5 and 6 iron ore concentrate production plants of Gol-e-Gohar Complex (Sirjan, Iran) the special surface of concentrate (Blain) is increased by the high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR).At present, due to changes in the input feed of the plant, the magnetite concentrate moisture has increased. Increasing the moisture content of the material will reduce the HPGR operational gap, thereby reducing the feed rate and the effective pressure on the particles. As a result, Blain of Concentrate was reduced. In the present study, the effect of several surfactants on the filtration rate and cake moisture content of Gol-e-Gohar iron ore concentrate was investigated using a laboratory scale vacuum filter. Four surfactants were used to study their effect on moisture, cake formation time and throughput. Chemicals was Sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SDS and SLES, anionic surfactant), Polyethylene glycol (PEG, nonionic surfactant) and Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, cationic surfactant). filtration tests was carried out at optimal conditions of operating pressure, dewatering time, particle size, and solids content of pulp respectively 60 Kp, 120 second, 105 micron and 60% w/w. results indicated that by adding 100 g/t SDS and SLES, the filter cake moisture content reduced from 9.2 to 7% (wet weight base). So they was effectiveness more than other surfactants. The SDS increased filtration efficiency by decreasing cake formation time, increasing the filtrate volume and throughput. The use of SDS and SLES improves filtration performance by increasing the ratio of throughput to moisture (Φ= throughput/moisture). At a dose of 100 g/ton SDS and 75 g/ton SLES, the lowest moisture of filter cake and the highest throughput was achieved. The ratio (Φ) for those was highest compared to other surfactants. The results showed that SLES had the same SDS results as 75 g /ton. SLES was chosen as the final filter aid because of it has better performance on reducing the moisture content of the cake, reducing the cake formation time, higher throughput, cost-effectiveness and availability.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114487942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coupled substitution between Na+Si and Ca+Al in the plagioclase solid solution results in a continuous variation in the Al/Si ratio of the composition, which is the reason for the complicated ordering patterns in the intermediate plagioclase feldspars like labradorite. Both fast-cooled and slow-cooled labradorite feldspars display the incommensurately modulated structures. The ordering pattern in the incommensurately modulated structures of e-plagioclase (characterized by the satellite diffraction peak called e-reflections) is the most complicated and intriguing. The modulated structure has a superspace group symmetry of X(αβγ)0 with a special centering condition of (½ ½ ½ 0), (0 0 ½ ½), (½ ½ 0 ½), and the q-vector has components (i.e., δh, δk, δl) along all three axes in reciprocal space. Displacive modulation, occupational modulation, and density modulation are observed in slowly cooled labradorite feldspars. No density modulation was observed in fast cooled (volcanic) labradorite feldspars. The amplitudes of the modulation waves are new parameters for quantifying the ordering state of labradorite. Iridescent labradorite feldspars display exsolution lamellae with average periodicity ranging from ~ 150 nm to ~350 nm. Compositional difference between the lamellae is about 12 mole % in anorthite component. Areas or zones with red iridescent color (i.e., long lamellae periodicity) always contain more Ca (~ 1 to 3 mole %) than the areas with blue (or green) iridescent color within the same labradorite crystal. We proposed that the solvus for Boggild intergrowth has a loop-like shape ranging from ~An44 to ~ An63. The Ca-rich side has higher temperature than the Na-rich side. The shapes of satellite peaks, the distances between e-reflections (modulation periods), and even the intensity of c-reflections may also be used to evaluate the ordering state or cooling rate of the plagioclase feldspar. Both modulated structure and the exsolution lamellae can be used as proxies for quantifying cooling rate of a labradorite and its host rock.
{"title":"Modulated structures, microstructures and subsolidus phase relations of labradorite feldspars","authors":"Huifang Xu, Shiyun Jin, Seungyeol Lee","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09379","url":null,"abstract":"The coupled substitution between Na+Si and Ca+Al in the plagioclase solid solution results in a continuous variation in the Al/Si ratio of the composition, which is the reason for the complicated ordering patterns in the intermediate plagioclase feldspars like labradorite. Both fast-cooled and slow-cooled labradorite feldspars display the incommensurately modulated structures. The ordering pattern in the incommensurately modulated structures of e-plagioclase (characterized by the satellite diffraction peak called e-reflections) is the most complicated and intriguing. The modulated structure has a superspace group symmetry of X(αβγ)0 with a special centering condition of (½ ½ ½ 0), (0 0 ½ ½), (½ ½ 0 ½), and the q-vector has components (i.e., δh, δk, δl) along all three axes in reciprocal space. Displacive modulation, occupational modulation, and density modulation are observed in slowly cooled labradorite feldspars. No density modulation was observed in fast cooled (volcanic) labradorite feldspars. The amplitudes of the modulation waves are new parameters for quantifying the ordering state of labradorite. Iridescent labradorite feldspars display exsolution lamellae with average periodicity ranging from ~ 150 nm to ~350 nm. Compositional difference between the lamellae is about 12 mole % in anorthite component. Areas or zones with red iridescent color (i.e., long lamellae periodicity) always contain more Ca (~ 1 to 3 mole %) than the areas with blue (or green) iridescent color within the same labradorite crystal. We proposed that the solvus for Boggild intergrowth has a loop-like shape ranging from ~An44 to ~ An63. The Ca-rich side has higher temperature than the Na-rich side. The shapes of satellite peaks, the distances between e-reflections (modulation periods), and even the intensity of c-reflections may also be used to evaluate the ordering state or cooling rate of the plagioclase feldspar. Both modulated structure and the exsolution lamellae can be used as proxies for quantifying cooling rate of a labradorite and its host rock.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122878442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The kinetic population balance model (PBM) is used to predict the particle size distributions of batch ball milling products. However, the rate parameters, as well as the solution of this model, may not be found in the non-first-order breakage region. This study alternatively represents a PBM-coupled simulation algorithm, which resembles a time-implicit or explicit matrix PBM for ball milling. The algorithm simply predicts the progeny size distributions after successive ball-particle impact events occurring in a batch ball mill. Therefore, the algorithm can accurately estimate the progeny size distributions either under the first-order or the non-first-order breakage region. For the purpose of this study, a few case studies were presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm.
{"title":"AN ALGORITHM FOR THE PROGENY SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SUCCESSIVE BREAKAGE EVENTS IN BATCH BALL MILLS","authors":"Mahmut Camalan","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09381","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetic population balance model (PBM) is used to predict the particle size distributions of batch ball milling products. However, the rate parameters, as well as the solution of this model, may not be found in the non-first-order breakage region. This study alternatively represents a PBM-coupled simulation algorithm, which resembles a time-implicit or explicit matrix PBM for ball milling. The algorithm simply predicts the progeny size distributions after successive ball-particle impact events occurring in a batch ball mill. Therefore, the algorithm can accurately estimate the progeny size distributions either under the first-order or the non-first-order breakage region. For the purpose of this study, a few case studies were presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130006037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balázs Zsirka, Z. Horváth, V. Vágvölgyi, K. Győrfi, E. Horváth, J. Kristóf
Clay minerals are natural, abundant and widely used industrial raw materials. Kaolinite is a 1:1 type, layered phylloaluminosilicate, constituted by Si4+-centered tetrahedral (T) and Al3+-centered octahedral (O) layers. Kaolinite has a strong potential as innovative, environmental-friendly photocatalyst, due to its not yet understood photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic investigations require clean samples, free of mineral contaminants. Natural kaolinite is obtained through mining of kaolin. The mineral composition and varying properties of kaolin significantly influence their catalytic activity, and therefore pose an adverse impact on their catalytic investigations. Laboratory synthesis of kaolinite offers a way to obtain kaolinite with the desired properties and purity. In the present work, the laboratory synthesis and evaluation of a synthetic kaolinite and its TiO2 nanocomposites are reported. The hydrothermal synthesis method was chosen to minimize pollutants. The effect of the applied acid concentration and liquid phase ratio were investigated. The synthesized kaolinites were characterized by XRD, FTIR-ATR, TG/DTG/DTA. The mineral composition, the presence and crystallinity (Hinckley, Stoch, Range-Weiss indices) of kaolinite were determined by XRD. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to identify kaolinite vibrations. Thermal stability, mineral purity and dehydroxilation was determined by TG/DTG/DTA. The morphology and elemental composition maps of the best sample was investigated by TEM-EDX. Sol-gel method and thermal treatment were used to prepare synthetic kaolinite-TiO2 nanocomposites with varying surface concentrations of TiO2. The composites were characterized by XRD and FTIR-ATR. The photocatalytic activity of the samples were investigated by the aqueous degradation of an oxalic acid test compound upon 365nm UV irradiation. Acknowledgement: The work was supported by the GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00016 and GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00053 projects (cofinanced by the Szechenyi 2020 program). B. Zsirka acknowledges the support of the Ministry of Human Capacities (NTP-NFTO-19-B-0154).
{"title":"Preparation, structural and photocatalytic characterization of a synthetic kaolinite and its nanocomposites","authors":"Balázs Zsirka, Z. Horváth, V. Vágvölgyi, K. Győrfi, E. Horváth, J. Kristóf","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09380","url":null,"abstract":"Clay minerals are natural, abundant and widely used industrial raw materials. Kaolinite is a 1:1 type, layered phylloaluminosilicate, constituted by Si4+-centered tetrahedral (T) and Al3+-centered octahedral (O) layers.\u0000Kaolinite has a strong potential as innovative, environmental-friendly photocatalyst, due to its not yet understood photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic investigations require clean samples, free of mineral contaminants. Natural kaolinite is obtained through mining of kaolin. The mineral composition and varying properties of kaolin significantly influence their catalytic activity, and therefore pose an adverse impact on their catalytic investigations. Laboratory synthesis of kaolinite offers a way to obtain kaolinite with the desired properties and purity.\u0000In the present work, the laboratory synthesis and evaluation of a synthetic kaolinite and its TiO2 nanocomposites are reported. The hydrothermal synthesis method was chosen to minimize pollutants. The effect of the applied acid concentration and liquid phase ratio were investigated. The synthesized kaolinites were characterized by XRD, FTIR-ATR, TG/DTG/DTA. The mineral composition, the presence and crystallinity (Hinckley, Stoch, Range-Weiss indices) of kaolinite were determined by XRD. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to identify kaolinite vibrations. Thermal stability, mineral purity and dehydroxilation was determined by TG/DTG/DTA. The morphology and elemental composition maps of the best sample was investigated by TEM-EDX.\u0000Sol-gel method and thermal treatment were used to prepare synthetic kaolinite-TiO2 nanocomposites with varying surface concentrations of TiO2. The composites were characterized by XRD and FTIR-ATR.\u0000The photocatalytic activity of the samples were investigated by the aqueous degradation of an oxalic acid test compound upon 365nm UV irradiation.\u0000\u0000Acknowledgement: The work was supported by the GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00016 and GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00053 projects (cofinanced by the Szechenyi 2020 program). B. Zsirka acknowledges the support of the Ministry of Human Capacities (NTP-NFTO-19-B-0154).","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116458808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kalinkin, B. I. Gurevich, E. Kalinkina, M. Chislov, I. Zvereva
This study reports the effect of natural dolomite addition to fly ash and the mechanical activation of this blend on the geopolymerization process. Dolomite was replaced with fly ash at 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt.%. Geopolymers were synthesized at ambient temperature using NaOH solution as an alkaline agent. The geopolymerization process, reactivity of the raw material, compressive strength, and microstructure were studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that blending fly ash with dolomite and mechanical activation improved the geopolymer strength, especially during the early age of curing. For geopolymers prepared using a 90% fly ash + 10% dolomite blend cured for 7 d, the strengths were 8.2-, 2.3-, and 1.4-fold higher than those for geopolymers prepared using 100% FA for 30 s, 180 s, and 400 s milling times, respectively. A simple method for evaluating the increments of mechanical activation, carbonate additives, and the synergistic effect in the increase in the compressive strength of the composite geopolymer is proposed.
{"title":"Geopolymers based on mechanically activated fly ash blended with dolomite","authors":"A. Kalinkin, B. I. Gurevich, E. Kalinkina, M. Chislov, I. Zvereva","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09374","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the effect of natural dolomite addition to fly ash and the mechanical activation of this blend on the geopolymerization process. Dolomite was replaced with fly ash at 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt.%. Geopolymers were synthesized at ambient temperature using NaOH solution as an alkaline agent. The geopolymerization process, reactivity of the raw material, compressive strength, and microstructure were studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that blending fly ash with dolomite and mechanical activation improved the geopolymer strength, especially during the early age of curing. For geopolymers prepared using a 90% fly ash + 10% dolomite blend cured for 7 d, the strengths were 8.2-, 2.3-, and 1.4-fold higher than those for geopolymers prepared using 100% FA for 30 s, 180 s, and 400 s milling times, respectively. A simple method for evaluating the increments of mechanical activation, carbonate additives, and the synergistic effect in the increase in the compressive strength of the composite geopolymer is proposed.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128562834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geological, geochemical and microthermometry considerations of three ophiolite-hosted manganese prospects, southeast of Birjand, South-Khorasan, east of Iran.","authors":"Ahmad Azargoon Jahromi, B. Barghi","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134541774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Powolny, A. Anczkiewicz, Dumańska-Słowik Magdalena
The Intra-Sudetic Basin, a Late-Paleozoic intramontane trough located on the NE flank of the Bohemian Massif, comprises numerous outcrops of continental (extension-related) Early-Permian volcanogenic rocks that are commonly altered to spilites. In this contribution, we provide insights into the formation of spilitized (albite- and chlorite-rich) trachyandesites from Gluszyca quarry (Lower Silesia, Poland) based on mineralogical and micro-textural investigations supported by apatite fission-track dating (AFT). Our results indicate that the trachyandesites, emplaced as a shallow-level laccolith-type body, have been strongly affected by chloritization of both aegirine and augite, combined with an occasional celadonitization of volcanic glass. Furthermore, chlortitization of sodic pyroxenes must have released notable amounts of Na+, which could be involved during later pervasive albitzation of primary andesine-labradorite. According to various chemical and semi-empirical thermometers, the replacive chlorites formed in the range of 124-170°C. Trachyandesites from Gluszyca contain abundant fluorapatites marked by the occurrence of swallow-type terminations, which are indicative of rapid-cooling formation conditions. Central AFT ages of the samples vary between 161-182 Ma and correspond to the Middle-Jurassic period. Meanwhile, these ages are significantly younger than the emplacement of igneous rocks during Middle Rotliegendes period (~299-271 Ma). The discrepancy between the stratigraphic age of the rocks and the AFT results cannot be, however, explained by, for example, slow cooling rates of magmatic body, compositional variations of apatite, or burial under Late-Mesozoic sediments. Hence, it may be assumed that the obtained AFT ages (161-182 Ma) reflect the timing of spilitization and associated partial reheating of volcanic rocks from the Intra-Sudetic Basin above the apatite partial annealing zone (70-110°C).
{"title":"Spilitzation of Early-Permian Volcanics from Głuszyca Górna (the Intra-Sudetic Basin, Poland) - Constraints from Chlorite Thermometry Coupled with Apatite Fission-Track Dating (AFT)","authors":"T. Powolny, A. Anczkiewicz, Dumańska-Słowik Magdalena","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09342","url":null,"abstract":"The Intra-Sudetic Basin, a Late-Paleozoic intramontane trough located on the NE flank of the Bohemian Massif, comprises numerous outcrops of continental (extension-related) Early-Permian volcanogenic rocks that are commonly altered to spilites. In this contribution, we provide insights into the formation of spilitized (albite- and chlorite-rich) trachyandesites from Gluszyca quarry (Lower Silesia, Poland) based on mineralogical and micro-textural investigations supported by apatite fission-track dating (AFT). Our results indicate that the trachyandesites, emplaced as a shallow-level laccolith-type body, have been strongly affected by chloritization of both aegirine and augite, combined with an occasional celadonitization of volcanic glass. Furthermore, chlortitization of sodic pyroxenes must have released notable amounts of Na+, which could be involved during later pervasive albitzation of primary andesine-labradorite. According to various chemical and semi-empirical thermometers, the replacive chlorites formed in the range of 124-170°C. Trachyandesites from Gluszyca contain abundant fluorapatites marked by the occurrence of swallow-type terminations, which are indicative of rapid-cooling formation conditions. Central AFT ages of the samples vary between 161-182 Ma and correspond to the Middle-Jurassic period. Meanwhile, these ages are significantly younger than the emplacement of igneous rocks during Middle Rotliegendes period (~299-271 Ma). The discrepancy between the stratigraphic age of the rocks and the AFT results cannot be, however, explained by, for example, slow cooling rates of magmatic body, compositional variations of apatite, or burial under Late-Mesozoic sediments. Hence, it may be assumed that the obtained AFT ages (161-182 Ma) reflect the timing of spilitization and associated partial reheating of volcanic rocks from the Intra-Sudetic Basin above the apatite partial annealing zone (70-110°C).","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124154096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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