Hafsa Boufkri, D. E. Azzab, A. Miftah, M. Charroud
: The North-Eastern of Morocco was widely known for its mining potential, so discovering new structural guidelines was indispensable to find out new mineralization. Indeed, applying airborne magnetic techniques proves its efficiency in underlining new tectonic accidents and highlighting magnetic sources mostly hidden by Quaternary sedimentary covers. A magnetic anomaly map was established to attain this goal, basing on powerful operators (reduction to the pole, upward continuation, and Euler deconvolution), made on airborne data surveys of the study area. The elaborated map shows: (1) zones of strong magnetizations related to the Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic lavas partly outcropping in the Oujda and Saka regions to the iron and manganese mineralization concentrated in the Triassic beds. (2) Zones of relatively low magnetic response came from basaltic cones filled in a small graben at Oujda region. (3) Zones of low magnetization corresponded to the Quaternary and Tertiary cover or the Triassic-Jurassic deposits. We have established a magnetic lineaments map that emphasized deep faults, two main trends have been identified: NE-SW with ENE-WSW and E-W, they are considered as a major’s accidents because their depth reach to 2 km, as much as they inherited from the Hercynian and Alpine tectonics.
{"title":"Processing and Analysis of aeromagnetic data of North-Eastern Morocco","authors":"Hafsa Boufkri, D. E. Azzab, A. Miftah, M. Charroud","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09367","url":null,"abstract":": The North-Eastern of Morocco was widely known for its mining potential, so discovering new structural guidelines was indispensable to find out new mineralization. Indeed, applying airborne magnetic techniques proves its efficiency in underlining new tectonic accidents and highlighting magnetic sources mostly hidden by Quaternary sedimentary covers. A magnetic anomaly map was established to attain this goal, basing on powerful operators (reduction to the pole, upward continuation, and Euler deconvolution), made on airborne data surveys of the study area. The elaborated map shows: (1) zones of strong magnetizations related to the Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic lavas partly outcropping in the Oujda and Saka regions to the iron and manganese mineralization concentrated in the Triassic beds. (2) Zones of relatively low magnetic response came from basaltic cones filled in a small graben at Oujda region. (3) Zones of low magnetization corresponded to the Quaternary and Tertiary cover or the Triassic-Jurassic deposits. We have established a magnetic lineaments map that emphasized deep faults, two main trends have been identified: NE-SW with ENE-WSW and E-W, they are considered as a major’s accidents because their depth reach to 2 km, as much as they inherited from the Hercynian and Alpine tectonics.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115035394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Forms of gold and arsenic, as one of the main pathfinders, were researched in the podzolic, illuvial, and parent material horizons of podzol soil at the Novye Peski gold deposit. Forms of gold and arsenic were studied with the sequential extraction method. The results of this study showed that the main forms of gold are water-soluble, bound to organic matter, and “insoluble”; for arsenic: bound to Fe and Mn-(oxy)hydroxides and bound to organic matter. The form bound to organic matter was considered in detail and gold and arsenic were analyzed in humic and fulvic acids solutions extracted from podzol soil. It was determined that gold is mainly bound to humic acid (HA), and arsenic to fulvic acid. Due to the prevalence of the form of gold bound to humic acid, the mod-elling process of different gold and arsenic (III) contents sorption on solid humic acid were observed and data on quantity of adsorbed ions per unit mass of HA and recovery ratio were obtained. More than 90% gold recovery rate was observed for concentrations less than 10 µg/cm 3 and for arsenic it was in a range of 8–15%.
{"title":"Forms of Gold and Arsenic in Surface Sediments at the Novye Peski Gold Deposit and Their Sorption by Humic Acid","authors":"V. A. Korshunova, M. V. Charykova","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09362","url":null,"abstract":": Forms of gold and arsenic, as one of the main pathfinders, were researched in the podzolic, illuvial, and parent material horizons of podzol soil at the Novye Peski gold deposit. Forms of gold and arsenic were studied with the sequential extraction method. The results of this study showed that the main forms of gold are water-soluble, bound to organic matter, and “insoluble”; for arsenic: bound to Fe and Mn-(oxy)hydroxides and bound to organic matter. The form bound to organic matter was considered in detail and gold and arsenic were analyzed in humic and fulvic acids solutions extracted from podzol soil. It was determined that gold is mainly bound to humic acid (HA), and arsenic to fulvic acid. Due to the prevalence of the form of gold bound to humic acid, the mod-elling process of different gold and arsenic (III) contents sorption on solid humic acid were observed and data on quantity of adsorbed ions per unit mass of HA and recovery ratio were obtained. More than 90% gold recovery rate was observed for concentrations less than 10 µg/cm 3 and for arsenic it was in a range of 8–15%.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121352906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo L. Deidda, D. Fancello, Moroni Marilena, S. Naitza, Ignazio Scano
: The SW Sardinian basement hosts various ore deposits linked to geological processes active from Cambrian to post-Variscan times. In particular, the Southern Arburèse district hosts several granite-related W-Sn-Mo deposits and a 10 km-long system of Ni-Co-As-Bi-Ag ± Au bearing five-element veins. New investigations into the eastern and central parts of the district (Pira Inferida mine sector) were performed to understand the poorly documented spatial and metallogenic relationships between these systems. The granite-related deposits consist of massive wolframite-quartz (W-Bi-Te-Au) and molybdenite-quartz veins, linked to the early Permian (289 ± 1 Ma) Mt. Linas granite, that are cross-cut by the five-element veins. The wolframite-quartz veins, observed by optical and electron (SEM-EDS) microscopy, show abundant native Bi, Bi-Te phases and native Au suggesting a W-Bi-Te-Au hydrothermal system. The five-element veins exhibit breccia and cockade textures, enveloping clasts of the Ordovician host-rocks and locally small fragments of the earlier W-Mo-quartz veins. The five-element vein paragenesis includes three main stages, from older to younger: (1) native elements (Bi ± Au); (2) Ni-Co arsenides-sulfarsenides in quartz gangue; and (3) Pb-Zn-Cu ± Ag sulfides in siderite gangue. The mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic features of the five-element vein swarm are closely comparable to five-element deposits elsewhere in Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italian Alps). While the source of Ni and Co is still unknown, the high Bi contents, as well as Au enrichment in the five-element veins, suggest selective remobilization of these elements, and perhaps others, from the granite-related W-Bi-Te-Au veins. The five-element vein system was likely formed during a post-289 ± 1 Ma and post-Variscan metallogenic event.
{"title":"Spatial and Metallogenic Relationships between Different Hydrothermal Vein Systems in the Southern Arburèse District (SW Sardinia).","authors":"Matteo L. Deidda, D. Fancello, Moroni Marilena, S. Naitza, Ignazio Scano","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09363","url":null,"abstract":": The SW Sardinian basement hosts various ore deposits linked to geological processes active from Cambrian to post-Variscan times. In particular, the Southern Arburèse district hosts several granite-related W-Sn-Mo deposits and a 10 km-long system of Ni-Co-As-Bi-Ag ± Au bearing five-element veins. New investigations into the eastern and central parts of the district (Pira Inferida mine sector) were performed to understand the poorly documented spatial and metallogenic relationships between these systems. The granite-related deposits consist of massive wolframite-quartz (W-Bi-Te-Au) and molybdenite-quartz veins, linked to the early Permian (289 ± 1 Ma) Mt. Linas granite, that are cross-cut by the five-element veins. The wolframite-quartz veins, observed by optical and electron (SEM-EDS) microscopy, show abundant native Bi, Bi-Te phases and native Au suggesting a W-Bi-Te-Au hydrothermal system. The five-element veins exhibit breccia and cockade textures, enveloping clasts of the Ordovician host-rocks and locally small fragments of the earlier W-Mo-quartz veins. The five-element vein paragenesis includes three main stages, from older to younger: (1) native elements (Bi ± Au); (2) Ni-Co arsenides-sulfarsenides in quartz gangue; and (3) Pb-Zn-Cu ± Ag sulfides in siderite gangue. The mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic features of the five-element vein swarm are closely comparable to five-element deposits elsewhere in Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italian Alps). While the source of Ni and Co is still unknown, the high Bi contents, as well as Au enrichment in the five-element veins, suggest selective remobilization of these elements, and perhaps others, from the granite-related W-Bi-Te-Au veins. The five-element vein system was likely formed during a post-289 ± 1 Ma and post-Variscan metallogenic event.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117218210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work we apply the so-called cBΩ thermodynamic model to study the diffusion of Si in stishovite crystal at high pressure and over a wide temperature range. According to this model [1,2], the point defect activation Gibbs free energy is expressed as a function of the bulk properties of the material, i.e. gact=cBΩ, where B is the isothermal bulk modulus, Ω is the mean atomic volume and c is a dimensionless constant. In this way, other important point defect parameters, such as the activation volume Vact, the activation entropy Sact and the activation enthalpy hact may be estimated, if the thermoelastic properties of the material are known over a wide temperature and pressure range. Our calculations are based on previously reported self-diffusion coefficients in stishovite single crystals measured at 14 GPa and at temperatures from 1400 to 1800 oC, in the [110] and [001] directions, by Shatskiy et al. [3]. Furthermore, the EoS of stishovite, proposed by Wang et al. [4] has been used for the accurate implementation of the cBΩ model. Our results suggest that the aforementioned point defect parameters exhibit considerable temperature dependence over the studied temperature range (1000-2000 oC). The estimated activation volumes (4.8-5.8 cm3/mol, in the range 1400-1800 oC) are in agreement with the experimental results reported by Xu et al. [5]. Our study confirms the potential of the cBΩ model for the theoretical investigation of diffusion processes in minerals, in order to overcome the experimental difficulties and the lack of experimental data in mantle conditions. REFERENCES Varotsos P. and Alexopoulos K. Thermodynamics of Point Defects and their Relation with the Bulk Properties, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1986. Vallianatos, F., Saltas, V. Application of the cBΩ model to the calculation of diffusion parameters of He in olivine, Chem. Miner. 2014, 41, 181-188, Doi: 10.1007/s00269-013-0636-y. Shatskiy, A., Yamazaki, D., Borzdov, Y.M., Matsuzaki, T., Litasov, K.D., Cooray, T., Ferot, A., Ito, E., Katsura, T. Stishovite single-crystal growth and application to silicon self-diffusion measurements, Mineral. 2010, 95, 135–43, Doi: 10.2138/am.2010.3255. Wang, F., Tange, Y., Irifune, T., and Funakoshi, K. P‐V‐T equation of state of stishovite up to mid‐lower mantle conditions, Geophys. Res. 2012, 117, B06209, doi:10.1029/2011JB009100. Xu, F., Yamazaki, D., Sakamoto, N., Sun, W., Fei, H., Yurimoto, H. Silicon and oxygen self-diffusion in stishovite: Implications for stability of SiO2-rich seismic reflectors in the mid-mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2017, 459, 332–9, Doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.044.
{"title":"Silicon Self-Diffusion in Stishovite: Calculations of Point Defect Parameters Based on the cBΩ Thermodynamic Model","authors":"V. Saltas, F. Vallianatos","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09341","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work we apply the so-called cBΩ thermodynamic model to study the diffusion of Si in stishovite crystal at high pressure and over a wide temperature range. According to this model [1,2], the point defect activation Gibbs free energy is expressed as a function of the bulk properties of the material, i.e. gact=cBΩ, where B is the isothermal bulk modulus, Ω is the mean atomic volume and c is a dimensionless constant. In this way, other important point defect parameters, such as the activation volume Vact, the activation entropy Sact and the activation enthalpy hact may be estimated, if the thermoelastic properties of the material are known over a wide temperature and pressure range. Our calculations are based on previously reported self-diffusion coefficients in stishovite single crystals measured at 14 GPa and at temperatures from 1400 to 1800 oC, in the [110] and [001] directions, by Shatskiy et al. [3]. Furthermore, the EoS of stishovite, proposed by Wang et al. [4] has been used for the accurate implementation of the cBΩ model. Our results suggest that the aforementioned point defect parameters exhibit considerable temperature dependence over the studied temperature range (1000-2000 oC). The estimated activation volumes (4.8-5.8 cm3/mol, in the range 1400-1800 oC) are in agreement with the experimental results reported by Xu et al. [5]. Our study confirms the potential of the cBΩ model for the theoretical investigation of diffusion processes in minerals, in order to overcome the experimental difficulties and the lack of experimental data in mantle conditions. \u0000REFERENCES \u0000 \u0000Varotsos P. and Alexopoulos K. Thermodynamics of Point Defects and their Relation with the Bulk Properties, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1986. \u0000Vallianatos, F., Saltas, V. Application of the cBΩ model to the calculation of diffusion parameters of He in olivine, Chem. Miner. 2014, 41, 181-188, Doi: 10.1007/s00269-013-0636-y. \u0000Shatskiy, A., Yamazaki, D., Borzdov, Y.M., Matsuzaki, T., Litasov, K.D., Cooray, T., Ferot, A., Ito, E., Katsura, T. Stishovite single-crystal growth and application to silicon self-diffusion measurements, Mineral. 2010, 95, 135–43, Doi: 10.2138/am.2010.3255. \u0000Wang, F., Tange, Y., Irifune, T., and Funakoshi, K. P‐V‐T equation of state of stishovite up to mid‐lower mantle conditions, Geophys. Res. 2012, 117, B06209, doi:10.1029/2011JB009100. \u0000Xu, F., Yamazaki, D., Sakamoto, N., Sun, W., Fei, H., Yurimoto, H. Silicon and oxygen self-diffusion in stishovite: Implications for stability of SiO2-rich seismic reflectors in the mid-mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2017, 459, 332–9, Doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.044.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117139547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Itumeleng Kohitlhetse, Kentse Thubakgale, P. Mendonidis, M. Manono
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Reaction Temperature on the Extraction of Calcium from Ironmaking Slag: A Kinetics Study","authors":"Itumeleng Kohitlhetse, Kentse Thubakgale, P. Mendonidis, M. Manono","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128501284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Vágvölgyi, Balázs Zsirka, K. Győrfi, E. Horváth, J. Kristóf
A relevant discovery of the last decade is the identification of the photochemical activity of the kaolinite-type minerals. The activity depends on several surface properties, such as mineral composition, morphology, lattice impurities and structural order. Preparation of the activated surface can be made by intercalation, exfoliation, mechanochemical activation, acid treatment, thermal treatment. The process of intercalation is a well-known way for a long while to produce delaminated and finally exfoliated structure from double-layered minerals. Coordination of octahedral Al atoms can be reduced by means of mechanochemical activation (i. e. dry grinding) and/or thermal treatment. The (hydrochloric) acid treatment alters not only the acid-base properties of the surface, but has effect on the mineral composition also. In this study the influence of the mentioned surface modification methods is shown on kaolins from different deposits with varying structural order, mineral and lattice impurities. The modified surface is investigated with thermal analysis (TG-DTG, CRTA), XRD, solid phase NMR and IR spectroscopic techniques. Photocatalytic activity is tested in liquid phase with oxalic acid test molecule during 365nm irradiation. Applying and combining various surface modification methods it is possible to enhance the natural kaolin-based materials in order to develop photocatalysts.
{"title":"Different Methods for Preparation of Active Sites in Kaolinite Surface and their Usability in Photocatalytic Processes","authors":"V. Vágvölgyi, Balázs Zsirka, K. Győrfi, E. Horváth, J. Kristóf","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09357","url":null,"abstract":"A relevant discovery of the last decade is the identification of the photochemical activity of the kaolinite-type minerals. The activity depends on several surface properties, such as mineral composition, morphology, lattice impurities and structural order. \u0000Preparation of the activated surface can be made by intercalation, exfoliation, mechanochemical activation, acid treatment, thermal treatment. The process of intercalation is a well-known way for a long while to produce delaminated and finally exfoliated structure from double-layered minerals. Coordination of octahedral Al atoms can be reduced by means of mechanochemical activation (i. e. dry grinding) and/or thermal treatment. The (hydrochloric) acid treatment alters not only the acid-base properties of the surface, but has effect on the mineral composition also. \u0000In this study the influence of the mentioned surface modification methods is shown on kaolins from different deposits with varying structural order, mineral and lattice impurities. The modified surface is investigated with thermal analysis (TG-DTG, CRTA), XRD, solid phase NMR and IR spectroscopic techniques. Photocatalytic activity is tested in liquid phase with oxalic acid test molecule during 365nm irradiation. \u0000Applying and combining various surface modification methods it is possible to enhance the natural kaolin-based materials in order to develop photocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121768826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Univariate Geostatistical Outlier Detection Methods Based on Variogram Pairs, Case Study: Sarigunay Gold Deposit, Iran","authors":"O. Asghari, Simin Saadati, Mohammad Fahimi Nia","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133173470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Graham, A. McKinnon, Khalid Schellen, A. Lay, E. Liepa, L. Burrows, K. Privat, C. Dietz
: The Hera Au-Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of central New South Wales, Australia with a total undepleted resource of 3.6 Mt @ 3.3 g/t Au, 25 g/t Ag, 2.6% Pb and 3.8% Zn occurs on the SE margin of the Cobar Basin. It is hosted by the shallow marine Mouramba Group and overlying turbiditic Amphitheatre Group. The siltstones comprise various mixtures of quartz, plagioclase, muscovite-phengite, biotite and clinochlore, along with accessory titanite and ilmenite. The deposit comprises a number of discrete lodes which are steeply west-dipping and strike NNW. Each lode has different abundances of the main ore minerals sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and electrum-gold. The North Pod and Far West lenses have the most diverse mineralogy in additionally containing arsenopyrite, native silver, gudmundite, Ag-tetrahedrite, acanthite, dyscrasite, native antimony, nisbite and breithauptite. Electrum (continuous spectrum from Ag-rich to Au-rich) is associated with sulfides in the main ore lenses while native gold occurs in the host rocks along cleavages/line-ations and away from the main ore. The sulfur isotope data from across the deposit indicates a magmatic source. Most of the deposit has experienced greenschist facies metamorphism with per-vasive green chlorite alteration, though the North Pod differs in being distinctly Ag- and Sb-rich and has reached at least amphibolite facies metamorphism with a garnet-wollastonite-vesuvianite-tremolite assemblage. Tremolite is relatively abundant throughout most of the deposit suggesting widespread low-T skarn alteration. Cross-cutting pegmatites comprise quartz, plagioclase (labra-dorite-andesine) and microcline. Hydrothermal remobilization is relatively extensive and best ex-plains the unusual Ag-Sb-As assemblages of the North Pod and Far West lodes.
{"title":"Hera: Evidence for Multiple Mineralisation Events and Remobilisation in a Sediment-Hosted Au-Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Central New South Wales Australia.","authors":"I. Graham, A. McKinnon, Khalid Schellen, A. Lay, E. Liepa, L. Burrows, K. Privat, C. Dietz","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09345","url":null,"abstract":": The Hera Au-Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of central New South Wales, Australia with a total undepleted resource of 3.6 Mt @ 3.3 g/t Au, 25 g/t Ag, 2.6% Pb and 3.8% Zn occurs on the SE margin of the Cobar Basin. It is hosted by the shallow marine Mouramba Group and overlying turbiditic Amphitheatre Group. The siltstones comprise various mixtures of quartz, plagioclase, muscovite-phengite, biotite and clinochlore, along with accessory titanite and ilmenite. The deposit comprises a number of discrete lodes which are steeply west-dipping and strike NNW. Each lode has different abundances of the main ore minerals sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and electrum-gold. The North Pod and Far West lenses have the most diverse mineralogy in additionally containing arsenopyrite, native silver, gudmundite, Ag-tetrahedrite, acanthite, dyscrasite, native antimony, nisbite and breithauptite. Electrum (continuous spectrum from Ag-rich to Au-rich) is associated with sulfides in the main ore lenses while native gold occurs in the host rocks along cleavages/line-ations and away from the main ore. The sulfur isotope data from across the deposit indicates a magmatic source. Most of the deposit has experienced greenschist facies metamorphism with per-vasive green chlorite alteration, though the North Pod differs in being distinctly Ag- and Sb-rich and has reached at least amphibolite facies metamorphism with a garnet-wollastonite-vesuvianite-tremolite assemblage. Tremolite is relatively abundant throughout most of the deposit suggesting widespread low-T skarn alteration. Cross-cutting pegmatites comprise quartz, plagioclase (labra-dorite-andesine) and microcline. Hydrothermal remobilization is relatively extensive and best ex-plains the unusual Ag-Sb-As assemblages of the North Pod and Far West lodes.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"391 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133388972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The main objective of the present work is to use principal component analysis (PCA) on the various airborne geophysical data, including gamma-ray spectrometry (concentrations of radioactive elements 40 K and 232 Th), magnetism (magnetization contrast due to magnetic susceptibility), and electromagnetism (apparent electrical resistivity) to describe the physicochemical behavior of the mining zones in operation as well as to prospect other zones favorable for exploration. This data's geostatistical study highlights the adequate principal component (PC) to visualize these geophysical variables. We chose PC4 to visualize the zones favorable for mining concentration because it describes the same physical and chemical characteristics represented by the Tiouit alteration zone. The collection and X-ray fluorescence analysis of 32 samples in the field yielded high grades of Arsenic (24 g/t), Copper (5.87%), Iron (19.30 %), Lead (5.70%), and Zinc (8.85%).
{"title":"Geostatistical Study of Airborne Geophysical Data of the Tiouit Mining Area (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco)","authors":"A. Miftah, D. E. Azzab, Ahmed Attou, A. Manar","doi":"10.3390/iecms2021-09364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09364","url":null,"abstract":": The main objective of the present work is to use principal component analysis (PCA) on the various airborne geophysical data, including gamma-ray spectrometry (concentrations of radioactive elements 40 K and 232 Th), magnetism (magnetization contrast due to magnetic susceptibility), and electromagnetism (apparent electrical resistivity) to describe the physicochemical behavior of the mining zones in operation as well as to prospect other zones favorable for exploration. This data's geostatistical study highlights the adequate principal component (PC) to visualize these geophysical variables. We chose PC4 to visualize the zones favorable for mining concentration because it describes the same physical and chemical characteristics represented by the Tiouit alteration zone. The collection and X-ray fluorescence analysis of 32 samples in the field yielded high grades of Arsenic (24 g/t), Copper (5.87%), Iron (19.30 %), Lead (5.70%), and Zinc (8.85%).","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131970484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The report describes slurry and drainage water's characteristics and shows the conditions of their formation in the technogenic system of the Komsomolsky Tin-ore District, Russian Far East. The investigation was conducted using environmental monitoring, and physico-chemical modeling method in the Selektor software complex. In a wide ambient temperature range (from minus 25 to 45 °С) the Eh-pH parameters of micropore solutions, which form technogenic (anthropogenic) waters at various host-rock – sulfide ratios (95:5, 50:50, 5:95), were determined. Depends on the primary ores and host rocks composition ionic and molecular composition of technogenic waters, as well as association of crystallized hypergene (supergene) minerals were established. The negative impact of slurry and drainage water on the hydrosphere and the health of the region's population is shown. Following to environmental monitoring, the content of dissolved metals exceeds background concentrations (times): slurry waters, Zn – up to 385000, Fe – 24253, Cu – 26230, Pb – 1703, Al – 915, Ca – 44766, Mg – 100285; drainage waters, Zn – up to 38200, Fe – 921, Cu – 768, Pb – 1470, Al – 253, Ca – 78133, Mg – 60557. Modeling reveals, that from saturated technogenic waters, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Al, Ca, Mg, K, and Na minerals of the following classes precipitate: oxides and hydroxides, sulfates, carbonates, arsenates, phosphates, and silicates. The tendency of double growth for 24 types of digestive, respiratory, and nervous system diseases during the period from 1991 to 2001 has been noted, moreover, the morbidity rate of children significantly exceeds that of adults.
该报告描述了泥浆和排水的特点，并展示了它们在俄罗斯远东共青城锡矿区技术系统中的形成条件。在Selektor软件复合体中使用环境监测和物理化学建模方法进行了调查。在较宽的环境温度范围内(从- 25°到45°С)，以不同的宿主-岩石-硫化物比例(95:5,50:50,5:95)，确定了形成技术(人为)水的微孔溶液的Eh-pH参数。根据原生矿石和寄主岩石组成，建立了技术成矿水的离子和分子组成，以及结晶的超生(表生)矿物组合。显示了泥浆和排水对水圈和该地区人口健康的负面影响。经环境监测，溶出金属含量超过本底浓度(倍):矿浆水，Zn -高达385000,Fe - 24253, Cu - 26230, Pb - 1703, Al - 915, Ca - 44766, Mg - 100285;排水水，Zn -高达38200,Fe - 921, Cu - 768, Pb - 1470, Al - 253, Ca - 78133, Mg - 60557。模型显示，从饱和的工艺水中，Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb、Al、Ca、Mg、K和Na矿物沉淀:氧化物和氢氧化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、砷酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐。在1991年至2001年期间，24种消化、呼吸和神经系统疾病的发病率有翻倍的趋势，而且儿童的发病率大大超过成人。
{"title":"The Role of the Minerals in Komsomolsk Tin-ore District Slurry and Drainage Water's Formation, and their Negative Impact on the Ecosphere","authors":"V. Zvereva, K. Frolov, A. Lysenko","doi":"10.3390/IECMS2021-09336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/IECMS2021-09336","url":null,"abstract":"The report describes slurry and drainage water's characteristics and shows the conditions of their formation in the technogenic system of the Komsomolsky Tin-ore District, Russian Far East. The investigation was conducted using environmental monitoring, and physico-chemical modeling method in the Selektor software complex. In a wide ambient temperature range (from minus 25 to 45 °С) the Eh-pH parameters of micropore solutions, which form technogenic (anthropogenic) waters at various host-rock – sulfide ratios (95:5, 50:50, 5:95), were determined. Depends on the primary ores and host rocks composition ionic and molecular composition of technogenic waters, as well as association of crystallized hypergene (supergene) minerals were established. \u0000The negative impact of slurry and drainage water on the hydrosphere and the health of the region's population is shown. Following to environmental monitoring, the content of dissolved metals exceeds background concentrations (times): slurry waters, Zn – up to 385000, Fe – 24253, Cu – 26230, Pb – 1703, Al – 915, Ca – 44766, Mg – 100285; drainage waters, Zn – up to 38200, Fe – 921, Cu – 768, Pb – 1470, Al – 253, Ca – 78133, Mg – 60557. Modeling reveals, that from saturated technogenic waters, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Al, Ca, Mg, K, and Na minerals of the following classes precipitate: oxides and hydroxides, sulfates, carbonates, arsenates, phosphates, and silicates. The tendency of double growth for 24 types of digestive, respiratory, and nervous system diseases during the period from 1991 to 2001 has been noted, moreover, the morbidity rate of children significantly exceeds that of adults.","PeriodicalId":118040,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131144973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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