Mathieu Jean, K. Schulmeister, D. J. Lund, B. Stuck
According to current ANSI Z136.1, IEC 60825-1 and ICNIRP guidelines, two exposure limit criteria apply for the cornea and skin: the single pulse limit and the average irradiance limit. The reduction factor CP for repetitively pulsed exposures need only be applied to retinal thermal limits, not to limits to protect the skin and cornea from thermally induced injury. Since only a very limited amount of animal studies for multiple-pulse thresholds are available for the cornea and skin, we have used a computer model to systematically study the threshold trends for exposure to multiple pulses. For a number of representative wavelengths and irradiance diameters, and two pulse durations, injury thresholds as predicted by computer models were compared to the two exposure limit criteria as a function of duty cycle (i.e. repetition rate), number of pulses and as a function of exposure duration. The results support the current multiple-pulse criteria for the cornea and the skin, i.e. no additional reduction of the single pulse limit by CP: for those repetition rates where the single pulse limit is the limiting criterion, the reduction of injury threshold compared to the single pulse is weak. For higher repetition rates, when the average irradiance limit is the limiting criterion the worst case is a cw exposure (duty cycle 100%) and reducing the duty cycle, i.e. pulsed exposure, leads to increased (less critical) thresholds.According to current ANSI Z136.1, IEC 60825-1 and ICNIRP guidelines, two exposure limit criteria apply for the cornea and skin: the single pulse limit and the average irradiance limit. The reduction factor CP for repetitively pulsed exposures need only be applied to retinal thermal limits, not to limits to protect the skin and cornea from thermally induced injury. Since only a very limited amount of animal studies for multiple-pulse thresholds are available for the cornea and skin, we have used a computer model to systematically study the threshold trends for exposure to multiple pulses. For a number of representative wavelengths and irradiance diameters, and two pulse durations, injury thresholds as predicted by computer models were compared to the two exposure limit criteria as a function of duty cycle (i.e. repetition rate), number of pulses and as a function of exposure duration. The results support the current multiple-pulse criteria for the cornea and the skin, i.e. no additional reduction of the si...
{"title":"Comparison of cornea and skin multiple pulse injury thresholds with laser MPEs","authors":"Mathieu Jean, K. Schulmeister, D. J. Lund, B. Stuck","doi":"10.2351/1.5118641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118641","url":null,"abstract":"According to current ANSI Z136.1, IEC 60825-1 and ICNIRP guidelines, two exposure limit criteria apply for the cornea and skin: the single pulse limit and the average irradiance limit. The reduction factor CP for repetitively pulsed exposures need only be applied to retinal thermal limits, not to limits to protect the skin and cornea from thermally induced injury. Since only a very limited amount of animal studies for multiple-pulse thresholds are available for the cornea and skin, we have used a computer model to systematically study the threshold trends for exposure to multiple pulses. For a number of representative wavelengths and irradiance diameters, and two pulse durations, injury thresholds as predicted by computer models were compared to the two exposure limit criteria as a function of duty cycle (i.e. repetition rate), number of pulses and as a function of exposure duration. The results support the current multiple-pulse criteria for the cornea and the skin, i.e. no additional reduction of the single pulse limit by CP: for those repetition rates where the single pulse limit is the limiting criterion, the reduction of injury threshold compared to the single pulse is weak. For higher repetition rates, when the average irradiance limit is the limiting criterion the worst case is a cw exposure (duty cycle 100%) and reducing the duty cycle, i.e. pulsed exposure, leads to increased (less critical) thresholds.According to current ANSI Z136.1, IEC 60825-1 and ICNIRP guidelines, two exposure limit criteria apply for the cornea and skin: the single pulse limit and the average irradiance limit. The reduction factor CP for repetitively pulsed exposures need only be applied to retinal thermal limits, not to limits to protect the skin and cornea from thermally induced injury. Since only a very limited amount of animal studies for multiple-pulse thresholds are available for the cornea and skin, we have used a computer model to systematically study the threshold trends for exposure to multiple pulses. For a number of representative wavelengths and irradiance diameters, and two pulse durations, injury thresholds as predicted by computer models were compared to the two exposure limit criteria as a function of duty cycle (i.e. repetition rate), number of pulses and as a function of exposure duration. The results support the current multiple-pulse criteria for the cornea and the skin, i.e. no additional reduction of the si...","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123318915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Daem, A. Frederiksen, J. O'Hagan, K. Schulmeister
In this paper, we report on two European laser safety standardization projects that will lead to European standards without corresponding IEC documents. In one project, an amendment A11 for EN 60825-1:2014 is developed. The amendment can be seen as consisting of two parts: first, technical changes which mainly resulted from a German opposition to the listing of EN 60825-1:2014 as a harmonised standard under the Low Voltage Directive at European Commission level; the changes in practice should not have notable effects for manufacturers. The second part of the amendment is the inclusion of the content of the two IEC Interpretation Sheets in an informative annex. The second project is based on a mandate by the European Commission to develop a safety standard for consumer laser products. The main scope is to define criteria, specifically which lasers and classes are sufficiently safe to be placed on the market as consumer products. Due to varying views on the risk associated to Class 3R laser products within the responsible committee, the development of the standard proves to be a challenge.In this paper, we report on two European laser safety standardization projects that will lead to European standards without corresponding IEC documents. In one project, an amendment A11 for EN 60825-1:2014 is developed. The amendment can be seen as consisting of two parts: first, technical changes which mainly resulted from a German opposition to the listing of EN 60825-1:2014 as a harmonised standard under the Low Voltage Directive at European Commission level; the changes in practice should not have notable effects for manufacturers. The second part of the amendment is the inclusion of the content of the two IEC Interpretation Sheets in an informative annex. The second project is based on a mandate by the European Commission to develop a safety standard for consumer laser products. The main scope is to define criteria, specifically which lasers and classes are sufficiently safe to be placed on the market as consumer products. Due to varying views on the risk associated to Class 3R laser products within ...
{"title":"Laser product safety standardization projects of CENELEC TC 76","authors":"Jan Daem, A. Frederiksen, J. O'Hagan, K. Schulmeister","doi":"10.2351/1.5118577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118577","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report on two European laser safety standardization projects that will lead to European standards without corresponding IEC documents. In one project, an amendment A11 for EN 60825-1:2014 is developed. The amendment can be seen as consisting of two parts: first, technical changes which mainly resulted from a German opposition to the listing of EN 60825-1:2014 as a harmonised standard under the Low Voltage Directive at European Commission level; the changes in practice should not have notable effects for manufacturers. The second part of the amendment is the inclusion of the content of the two IEC Interpretation Sheets in an informative annex. The second project is based on a mandate by the European Commission to develop a safety standard for consumer laser products. The main scope is to define criteria, specifically which lasers and classes are sufficiently safe to be placed on the market as consumer products. Due to varying views on the risk associated to Class 3R laser products within the responsible committee, the development of the standard proves to be a challenge.In this paper, we report on two European laser safety standardization projects that will lead to European standards without corresponding IEC documents. In one project, an amendment A11 for EN 60825-1:2014 is developed. The amendment can be seen as consisting of two parts: first, technical changes which mainly resulted from a German opposition to the listing of EN 60825-1:2014 as a harmonised standard under the Low Voltage Directive at European Commission level; the changes in practice should not have notable effects for manufacturers. The second part of the amendment is the inclusion of the content of the two IEC Interpretation Sheets in an informative annex. The second project is based on a mandate by the European Commission to develop a safety standard for consumer laser products. The main scope is to define criteria, specifically which lasers and classes are sufficiently safe to be placed on the market as consumer products. Due to varying views on the risk associated to Class 3R laser products within ...","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In cases where a laser source produces a pattern that is asymmetric on the retina, a modeling-based approach can be used to calculate a retinal thermal response to predict damage and make meaningful comparisons to exposure limit trends. The SESE (Scalable Effects Simulation Environment) model is a full 3D thermal finite-volume model that can simulate multiple independently controlled laser sources with unique wavelength, spatial profile, pulse duration, and power. The model is well suited to evaluate asymmetric sources since there is not an assumed axial symmetry and the spatial profile of the laser can be adjusted as a function of time. Several examples of asymmetric sources include multi-fiber bundle exposures, scanning beams, and scintillating sources. We use the SESE model to predict trends in retinal injury threshold for these cases and to help inform the laser safety community by providing estimates for safe and unsafe levels of exposure. We also introduce factors that inform hazard levels based on relative exposure conditions.In cases where a laser source produces a pattern that is asymmetric on the retina, a modeling-based approach can be used to calculate a retinal thermal response to predict damage and make meaningful comparisons to exposure limit trends. The SESE (Scalable Effects Simulation Environment) model is a full 3D thermal finite-volume model that can simulate multiple independently controlled laser sources with unique wavelength, spatial profile, pulse duration, and power. The model is well suited to evaluate asymmetric sources since there is not an assumed axial symmetry and the spatial profile of the laser can be adjusted as a function of time. Several examples of asymmetric sources include multi-fiber bundle exposures, scanning beams, and scintillating sources. We use the SESE model to predict trends in retinal injury threshold for these cases and to help inform the laser safety community by providing estimates for safe and unsafe levels of exposure. We also introduce factors that inform hazard levels based on ...
{"title":"Simulation-based analysis of arbitrary asymmetric retinal images","authors":"Chad A. Oian, B. Rockwell, R. Thomas","doi":"10.2351/1.5118565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118565","url":null,"abstract":"In cases where a laser source produces a pattern that is asymmetric on the retina, a modeling-based approach can be used to calculate a retinal thermal response to predict damage and make meaningful comparisons to exposure limit trends. The SESE (Scalable Effects Simulation Environment) model is a full 3D thermal finite-volume model that can simulate multiple independently controlled laser sources with unique wavelength, spatial profile, pulse duration, and power. The model is well suited to evaluate asymmetric sources since there is not an assumed axial symmetry and the spatial profile of the laser can be adjusted as a function of time. Several examples of asymmetric sources include multi-fiber bundle exposures, scanning beams, and scintillating sources. We use the SESE model to predict trends in retinal injury threshold for these cases and to help inform the laser safety community by providing estimates for safe and unsafe levels of exposure. We also introduce factors that inform hazard levels based on relative exposure conditions.In cases where a laser source produces a pattern that is asymmetric on the retina, a modeling-based approach can be used to calculate a retinal thermal response to predict damage and make meaningful comparisons to exposure limit trends. The SESE (Scalable Effects Simulation Environment) model is a full 3D thermal finite-volume model that can simulate multiple independently controlled laser sources with unique wavelength, spatial profile, pulse duration, and power. The model is well suited to evaluate asymmetric sources since there is not an assumed axial symmetry and the spatial profile of the laser can be adjusted as a function of time. Several examples of asymmetric sources include multi-fiber bundle exposures, scanning beams, and scintillating sources. We use the SESE model to predict trends in retinal injury threshold for these cases and to help inform the laser safety community by providing estimates for safe and unsafe levels of exposure. We also introduce factors that inform hazard levels based on ...","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121682038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the fields of 3D mapping and autonomous driving, there is an increased demand for advanced technologies for 3D outdoor scanning. Improved electronic distance measurement using laser technology in combination with smart algorithms play a key role in this field and can deliver the needed accuracy, speed and reliability. However, there are some technical as well as laser safety limitations and those will be discussed.In the fields of 3D mapping and autonomous driving, there is an increased demand for advanced technologies for 3D outdoor scanning. Improved electronic distance measurement using laser technology in combination with smart algorithms play a key role in this field and can deliver the needed accuracy, speed and reliability. However, there are some technical as well as laser safety limitations and those will be discussed.
{"title":"Outdoor range finding and laser safety limits","authors":"T. Piok, A. Walser, E. Ramseier, Jürg Hinderling","doi":"10.2351/1.5118536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118536","url":null,"abstract":"In the fields of 3D mapping and autonomous driving, there is an increased demand for advanced technologies for 3D outdoor scanning. Improved electronic distance measurement using laser technology in combination with smart algorithms play a key role in this field and can deliver the needed accuracy, speed and reliability. However, there are some technical as well as laser safety limitations and those will be discussed.In the fields of 3D mapping and autonomous driving, there is an increased demand for advanced technologies for 3D outdoor scanning. Improved electronic distance measurement using laser technology in combination with smart algorithms play a key role in this field and can deliver the needed accuracy, speed and reliability. However, there are some technical as well as laser safety limitations and those will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122185264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laser and LED light sources are nowadays being deployed in a wide-ranging number of illumination applications where high levels of irradiance are required at the target site. The optical hazard assessment route will usually follow a laser or lamp related assessment as appropriate. However, for the case of an extended laser source it is possible to apply a radiance analysis methodology via both the laser and LED standards. This paper describes the assessment of an extended 6W laser source used for forensic science investigations where there was a desire to avoid engineering safety controls commensurate with a Class 4 laser, and to allow the laser to be used in the field in a manner akin to an inspection lamp. Accordingly, there was a desire to determine the optical hazard distance posed by the extended laser source to support the risk assessment for field use. By following the assessment methodologies defined in the laser (60825) and lamp (62471) standards [1, 2] it is possible to derive a useful double-check on the hazard assessment outcome using a methodology which is highly instructive to the optical radiation safety adviser. The steps required for the dual assessment approach will be clearly described and reviewed in this paper to clarify the process and highlight a potential for a convergence of the laser and lamp safety standards in terms of extended source characterization and applications-based risk assessment.Laser and LED light sources are nowadays being deployed in a wide-ranging number of illumination applications where high levels of irradiance are required at the target site. The optical hazard assessment route will usually follow a laser or lamp related assessment as appropriate. However, for the case of an extended laser source it is possible to apply a radiance analysis methodology via both the laser and LED standards. This paper describes the assessment of an extended 6W laser source used for forensic science investigations where there was a desire to avoid engineering safety controls commensurate with a Class 4 laser, and to allow the laser to be used in the field in a manner akin to an inspection lamp. Accordingly, there was a desire to determine the optical hazard distance posed by the extended laser source to support the risk assessment for field use. By following the assessment methodologies defined in the laser (60825) and lamp (62471) standards [1, 2] it is possible to derive a useful double-ch...
{"title":"Optical hazard assessment of 6W extended laser source using laser safety (60825) and lamp safety (62471) guidelines","authors":"N. Haigh, E. Mcnaghten","doi":"10.2351/1.5118595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118595","url":null,"abstract":"Laser and LED light sources are nowadays being deployed in a wide-ranging number of illumination applications where high levels of irradiance are required at the target site. The optical hazard assessment route will usually follow a laser or lamp related assessment as appropriate. However, for the case of an extended laser source it is possible to apply a radiance analysis methodology via both the laser and LED standards. This paper describes the assessment of an extended 6W laser source used for forensic science investigations where there was a desire to avoid engineering safety controls commensurate with a Class 4 laser, and to allow the laser to be used in the field in a manner akin to an inspection lamp. Accordingly, there was a desire to determine the optical hazard distance posed by the extended laser source to support the risk assessment for field use. By following the assessment methodologies defined in the laser (60825) and lamp (62471) standards [1, 2] it is possible to derive a useful double-check on the hazard assessment outcome using a methodology which is highly instructive to the optical radiation safety adviser. The steps required for the dual assessment approach will be clearly described and reviewed in this paper to clarify the process and highlight a potential for a convergence of the laser and lamp safety standards in terms of extended source characterization and applications-based risk assessment.Laser and LED light sources are nowadays being deployed in a wide-ranging number of illumination applications where high levels of irradiance are required at the target site. The optical hazard assessment route will usually follow a laser or lamp related assessment as appropriate. However, for the case of an extended laser source it is possible to apply a radiance analysis methodology via both the laser and LED standards. This paper describes the assessment of an extended 6W laser source used for forensic science investigations where there was a desire to avoid engineering safety controls commensurate with a Class 4 laser, and to allow the laser to be used in the field in a manner akin to an inspection lamp. Accordingly, there was a desire to determine the optical hazard distance posed by the extended laser source to support the risk assessment for field use. By following the assessment methodologies defined in the laser (60825) and lamp (62471) standards [1, 2] it is possible to derive a useful double-ch...","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"419 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114002443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the popularization of laser products in consumer electronic devices, there is rising concern regarding how adverse environmental effects may affect the laser safety classification for the system. One such concern is how a water or oil droplet in the beam path may focus a diverging light source such that the system is more hazardous compared to its nominal state. This is of particular concern to devices such as phones, flashlights, and decorative laser projectors which will likely be exposed to rain, sweat, or liquid ingress. In this paper, we provide a numerical model to characterize how droplet size, surface energy, and position of the droplet ultimately affect the optical hazard posed by an affected system.With the popularization of laser products in consumer electronic devices, there is rising concern regarding how adverse environmental effects may affect the laser safety classification for the system. One such concern is how a water or oil droplet in the beam path may focus a diverging light source such that the system is more hazardous compared to its nominal state. This is of particular concern to devices such as phones, flashlights, and decorative laser projectors which will likely be exposed to rain, sweat, or liquid ingress. In this paper, we provide a numerical model to characterize how droplet size, surface energy, and position of the droplet ultimately affect the optical hazard posed by an affected system.
{"title":"The effect of liquid droplets on laser safety for consumer products: A numerical model","authors":"K. L. Pollock, N. Horton, Erwin K. Lau, E. Fei","doi":"10.2351/1.5118539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118539","url":null,"abstract":"With the popularization of laser products in consumer electronic devices, there is rising concern regarding how adverse environmental effects may affect the laser safety classification for the system. One such concern is how a water or oil droplet in the beam path may focus a diverging light source such that the system is more hazardous compared to its nominal state. This is of particular concern to devices such as phones, flashlights, and decorative laser projectors which will likely be exposed to rain, sweat, or liquid ingress. In this paper, we provide a numerical model to characterize how droplet size, surface energy, and position of the droplet ultimately affect the optical hazard posed by an affected system.With the popularization of laser products in consumer electronic devices, there is rising concern regarding how adverse environmental effects may affect the laser safety classification for the system. One such concern is how a water or oil droplet in the beam path may focus a diverging light source such that the system is more hazardous compared to its nominal state. This is of particular concern to devices such as phones, flashlights, and decorative laser projectors which will likely be exposed to rain, sweat, or liquid ingress. In this paper, we provide a numerical model to characterize how droplet size, surface energy, and position of the droplet ultimately affect the optical hazard posed by an affected system.","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131838950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VERISA is an environment wherein safety and regulatory standards set the boundaries of 3D CAD environments to provide a real-time risk model which can be viewed in virtual and/or augmented space. This paper will detail the Phase 1 development of the environment and future goals to make this valuable tool available.In current laser safety modeling, orientation in graphical space is not intuitively coupled with hard numbers. It certainly does not make a product or experiment developer’s function easier or efficient. Conversion between numbers and metrics and design or NHZ/MPE/LCA designation is left to the LSO and no matter how rigorous the study, subject to interpretation.VERISA is designed to integrate or be added to commercially available and open source CAD software so users can see and manipulate in a virtual world the hazards which exist or could exist in new experiment configuration or piece of equipment before it exists and without subjecting personnel to hazards.VERISA is an environment wherein safety and regulatory standards set the boundaries of 3D CAD environments to provide a real-time risk model which can be viewed in virtual and/or augmented space. This paper will detail the Phase 1 development of the environment and future goals to make this valuable tool available.In current laser safety modeling, orientation in graphical space is not intuitively coupled with hard numbers. It certainly does not make a product or experiment developer’s function easier or efficient. Conversion between numbers and metrics and design or NHZ/MPE/LCA designation is left to the LSO and no matter how rigorous the study, subject to interpretation.VERISA is designed to integrate or be added to commercially available and open source CAD software so users can see and manipulate in a virtual world the hazards which exist or could exist in new experiment configuration or piece of equipment before it exists and without subjecting personnel to hazards.
{"title":"VERISA (virtual environment for real-time safety awareness)","authors":"N. Leon, Scott Wohlstein, Jim Webb","doi":"10.2351/1.5118576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118576","url":null,"abstract":"VERISA is an environment wherein safety and regulatory standards set the boundaries of 3D CAD environments to provide a real-time risk model which can be viewed in virtual and/or augmented space. This paper will detail the Phase 1 development of the environment and future goals to make this valuable tool available.In current laser safety modeling, orientation in graphical space is not intuitively coupled with hard numbers. It certainly does not make a product or experiment developer’s function easier or efficient. Conversion between numbers and metrics and design or NHZ/MPE/LCA designation is left to the LSO and no matter how rigorous the study, subject to interpretation.VERISA is designed to integrate or be added to commercially available and open source CAD software so users can see and manipulate in a virtual world the hazards which exist or could exist in new experiment configuration or piece of equipment before it exists and without subjecting personnel to hazards.VERISA is an environment wherein safety and regulatory standards set the boundaries of 3D CAD environments to provide a real-time risk model which can be viewed in virtual and/or augmented space. This paper will detail the Phase 1 development of the environment and future goals to make this valuable tool available.In current laser safety modeling, orientation in graphical space is not intuitively coupled with hard numbers. It certainly does not make a product or experiment developer’s function easier or efficient. Conversion between numbers and metrics and design or NHZ/MPE/LCA designation is left to the LSO and no matter how rigorous the study, subject to interpretation.VERISA is designed to integrate or be added to commercially available and open source CAD software so users can see and manipulate in a virtual world the hazards which exist or could exist in new experiment configuration or piece of equipment before it exists and without subjecting personnel to hazards.","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134427027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Hennigs, A. Brodeßer, O. Meier, Stefan Grobelny, Klaus Bescherer-Nachtmann, M. Hustedt, J. Hermsdorf, S. Kaierle
Safety aspects are essential for modular, mobile laser cutting, specially designated for complex rescue operations. The development described here was inspired by the enhanced performance requirements of equipment for complex technical rescue operations, resulting from the increased strengths of materials actually used e.g. in vehicles to improve the overall safety. The new laser rescue tool shall be an alternative to conventional rescue systems such as hydraulic shears.Based on a fiber laser with a maximum output power of 2.5 kW and a specially developed hand-held laser processing head, adaptable to different drive units, a first integrated demonstrator has been set up to in-vestigate performance and practicality in the course of selected rescue situations. The main challenge is to realize cutting of multilayer structures containing various materials, taking into account harsh outdoor conditions. To ensure laser safety concerning all people at the scene of an accident, i.e. injured persons, rescue teams, police officers, onlookers, etc., several technical safety functions are implemented. Further-more, laser-protective goggles, beam dumps and laser-protective curtains are relevant protection components for the local and peripheral laser safety. The rescue operations are to be supported by a safety officer who has to ensure that all protective measures are taken.Safety aspects are essential for modular, mobile laser cutting, specially designated for complex rescue operations. The development described here was inspired by the enhanced performance requirements of equipment for complex technical rescue operations, resulting from the increased strengths of materials actually used e.g. in vehicles to improve the overall safety. The new laser rescue tool shall be an alternative to conventional rescue systems such as hydraulic shears.Based on a fiber laser with a maximum output power of 2.5 kW and a specially developed hand-held laser processing head, adaptable to different drive units, a first integrated demonstrator has been set up to in-vestigate performance and practicality in the course of selected rescue situations. The main challenge is to realize cutting of multilayer structures containing various materials, taking into account harsh outdoor conditions. To ensure laser safety concerning all people at the scene of an accident, i.e. injured persons, rescue teams,...
{"title":"Safety issues concerning technical realization and usage of a mobile laser rescue device","authors":"Christian Hennigs, A. Brodeßer, O. Meier, Stefan Grobelny, Klaus Bescherer-Nachtmann, M. Hustedt, J. Hermsdorf, S. Kaierle","doi":"10.2351/1.5118540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118540","url":null,"abstract":"Safety aspects are essential for modular, mobile laser cutting, specially designated for complex rescue operations. The development described here was inspired by the enhanced performance requirements of equipment for complex technical rescue operations, resulting from the increased strengths of materials actually used e.g. in vehicles to improve the overall safety. The new laser rescue tool shall be an alternative to conventional rescue systems such as hydraulic shears.Based on a fiber laser with a maximum output power of 2.5 kW and a specially developed hand-held laser processing head, adaptable to different drive units, a first integrated demonstrator has been set up to in-vestigate performance and practicality in the course of selected rescue situations. The main challenge is to realize cutting of multilayer structures containing various materials, taking into account harsh outdoor conditions. To ensure laser safety concerning all people at the scene of an accident, i.e. injured persons, rescue teams, police officers, onlookers, etc., several technical safety functions are implemented. Further-more, laser-protective goggles, beam dumps and laser-protective curtains are relevant protection components for the local and peripheral laser safety. The rescue operations are to be supported by a safety officer who has to ensure that all protective measures are taken.Safety aspects are essential for modular, mobile laser cutting, specially designated for complex rescue operations. The development described here was inspired by the enhanced performance requirements of equipment for complex technical rescue operations, resulting from the increased strengths of materials actually used e.g. in vehicles to improve the overall safety. The new laser rescue tool shall be an alternative to conventional rescue systems such as hydraulic shears.Based on a fiber laser with a maximum output power of 2.5 kW and a specially developed hand-held laser processing head, adaptable to different drive units, a first integrated demonstrator has been set up to in-vestigate performance and practicality in the course of selected rescue situations. The main challenge is to realize cutting of multilayer structures containing various materials, taking into account harsh outdoor conditions. To ensure laser safety concerning all people at the scene of an accident, i.e. injured persons, rescue teams,...","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131938581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Peterson, Adam R. Boretsky, Mark A. Keppler, E. Gil, Aaron S. Engler, Oscar Garza, Matthew Macasadia, Jacob M. Rivera, G. Noojin, J. Bixler
Lasers are increasingly present in modern life. Applications have expanded across industrial processes, medical treatments, military use, and common consumer products. As the availability of laser technology continues to grow, safety concerns increase accordingly. Despite the availability of ocular laser injury data in literature, no single source existed to help clinicians identify and classify ocular laser injuries when they encountered them in clinical settings. The Informational Bioeffects Atlas of Laser Lesions (IBALL) program provides DoD clinicians and researchers a searchable electronic database of images to use when identifying laser damage based on various exposure parameters, lesion characteristics, and diagnostic imaging modalities. In addition to providing reference images of retinal laser injury across a wide lesion parameter space, longitudinal experimental data collection captured the dynamic tissue response for days or even weeks post-exposure. Analysis of laser lesion characteristics across multiple imaging modalities, such as fundus photography and Optical Coherence Tomography, also provided complementary views of the tissue to improve our understanding of the innate biological response to laser radiation. Finally, the database design included a flexible and scalable environment to accommodate a variety of imaging data formats and future the incorporation of new experimental data.Lasers are increasingly present in modern life. Applications have expanded across industrial processes, medical treatments, military use, and common consumer products. As the availability of laser technology continues to grow, safety concerns increase accordingly. Despite the availability of ocular laser injury data in literature, no single source existed to help clinicians identify and classify ocular laser injuries when they encountered them in clinical settings. The Informational Bioeffects Atlas of Laser Lesions (IBALL) program provides DoD clinicians and researchers a searchable electronic database of images to use when identifying laser damage based on various exposure parameters, lesion characteristics, and diagnostic imaging modalities. In addition to providing reference images of retinal laser injury across a wide lesion parameter space, longitudinal experimental data collection captured the dynamic tissue response for days or even weeks post-exposure. Analysis of laser lesion characteristics acr...
{"title":"Informational bioeffects Atlas of laser lesions (IBALL) – Developing an online database for clinicians and researchers","authors":"A. Peterson, Adam R. Boretsky, Mark A. Keppler, E. Gil, Aaron S. Engler, Oscar Garza, Matthew Macasadia, Jacob M. Rivera, G. Noojin, J. Bixler","doi":"10.2351/1.5118530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118530","url":null,"abstract":"Lasers are increasingly present in modern life. Applications have expanded across industrial processes, medical treatments, military use, and common consumer products. As the availability of laser technology continues to grow, safety concerns increase accordingly. Despite the availability of ocular laser injury data in literature, no single source existed to help clinicians identify and classify ocular laser injuries when they encountered them in clinical settings. The Informational Bioeffects Atlas of Laser Lesions (IBALL) program provides DoD clinicians and researchers a searchable electronic database of images to use when identifying laser damage based on various exposure parameters, lesion characteristics, and diagnostic imaging modalities. In addition to providing reference images of retinal laser injury across a wide lesion parameter space, longitudinal experimental data collection captured the dynamic tissue response for days or even weeks post-exposure. Analysis of laser lesion characteristics across multiple imaging modalities, such as fundus photography and Optical Coherence Tomography, also provided complementary views of the tissue to improve our understanding of the innate biological response to laser radiation. Finally, the database design included a flexible and scalable environment to accommodate a variety of imaging data formats and future the incorporation of new experimental data.Lasers are increasingly present in modern life. Applications have expanded across industrial processes, medical treatments, military use, and common consumer products. As the availability of laser technology continues to grow, safety concerns increase accordingly. Despite the availability of ocular laser injury data in literature, no single source existed to help clinicians identify and classify ocular laser injuries when they encountered them in clinical settings. The Informational Bioeffects Atlas of Laser Lesions (IBALL) program provides DoD clinicians and researchers a searchable electronic database of images to use when identifying laser damage based on various exposure parameters, lesion characteristics, and diagnostic imaging modalities. In addition to providing reference images of retinal laser injury across a wide lesion parameter space, longitudinal experimental data collection captured the dynamic tissue response for days or even weeks post-exposure. Analysis of laser lesion characteristics acr...","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123051647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper begins with a review of significant laser pointer news since ILSC 2017. These include new laws in the U.K., Canada and Switzerland; an MIT-developed laser pointer detection system, the SAE-published ARP6378 with pilot mitigation recommendations, a review of 111 laser pointer eye injuries worldwide, the status of FDA’s 2016 proposal to allow only red laser pointers, and the new LaserIncidents.com website that lists known databases that compile laser incidents and accidents.The paper then looks at methods for reducing the number and severity of laser pointer incidents. For example, Australia and New Zealand have laws severely restricting ownership of laser pointers over 1 mW. In Australia, aircraft illumination incidents increased significantly after the 2008 ban and currently are roughly equal to U.S. incidents on a per capita basis. In New Zealand, aircraft incidents increased after a ban went into effect in 2014. The ARP6378 document cites pilots as the last line of defense. Pilot education, training and protective eyewear/windscreens are discussed in the document. Changes in labeling are suggested. The usefulness of prosecuting laser offenders is discussed. A summary is given of a Jan. 2019 symposium in Tokyo, seeking new laws and ideas for reducing aircraft incidents, consumer eye injuries, and injuries from laser cosmetic devices. Finally, suggested directions for future research are given.This paper begins with a review of significant laser pointer news since ILSC 2017. These include new laws in the U.K., Canada and Switzerland; an MIT-developed laser pointer detection system, the SAE-published ARP6378 with pilot mitigation recommendations, a review of 111 laser pointer eye injuries worldwide, the status of FDA’s 2016 proposal to allow only red laser pointers, and the new LaserIncidents.com website that lists known databases that compile laser incidents and accidents.The paper then looks at methods for reducing the number and severity of laser pointer incidents. For example, Australia and New Zealand have laws severely restricting ownership of laser pointers over 1 mW. In Australia, aircraft illumination incidents increased significantly after the 2008 ban and currently are roughly equal to U.S. incidents on a per capita basis. In New Zealand, aircraft incidents increased after a ban went into effect in 2014. The ARP6378 document cites pilots as the last line of defense. Pilot education, t...
{"title":"Reducing hazards of consumer laser pointer misuse","authors":"Patrick Murphy","doi":"10.2351/1.5118587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118587","url":null,"abstract":"This paper begins with a review of significant laser pointer news since ILSC 2017. These include new laws in the U.K., Canada and Switzerland; an MIT-developed laser pointer detection system, the SAE-published ARP6378 with pilot mitigation recommendations, a review of 111 laser pointer eye injuries worldwide, the status of FDA’s 2016 proposal to allow only red laser pointers, and the new LaserIncidents.com website that lists known databases that compile laser incidents and accidents.The paper then looks at methods for reducing the number and severity of laser pointer incidents. For example, Australia and New Zealand have laws severely restricting ownership of laser pointers over 1 mW. In Australia, aircraft illumination incidents increased significantly after the 2008 ban and currently are roughly equal to U.S. incidents on a per capita basis. In New Zealand, aircraft incidents increased after a ban went into effect in 2014. The ARP6378 document cites pilots as the last line of defense. Pilot education, training and protective eyewear/windscreens are discussed in the document. Changes in labeling are suggested. The usefulness of prosecuting laser offenders is discussed. A summary is given of a Jan. 2019 symposium in Tokyo, seeking new laws and ideas for reducing aircraft incidents, consumer eye injuries, and injuries from laser cosmetic devices. Finally, suggested directions for future research are given.This paper begins with a review of significant laser pointer news since ILSC 2017. These include new laws in the U.K., Canada and Switzerland; an MIT-developed laser pointer detection system, the SAE-published ARP6378 with pilot mitigation recommendations, a review of 111 laser pointer eye injuries worldwide, the status of FDA’s 2016 proposal to allow only red laser pointers, and the new LaserIncidents.com website that lists known databases that compile laser incidents and accidents.The paper then looks at methods for reducing the number and severity of laser pointer incidents. For example, Australia and New Zealand have laws severely restricting ownership of laser pointers over 1 mW. In Australia, aircraft illumination incidents increased significantly after the 2008 ban and currently are roughly equal to U.S. incidents on a per capita basis. In New Zealand, aircraft incidents increased after a ban went into effect in 2014. The ARP6378 document cites pilots as the last line of defense. Pilot education, t...","PeriodicalId":118257,"journal":{"name":"International Laser Safety Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114210970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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