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Knowledge, Practice and Associated Factor of Trachoma Transmission and Prevention Among Primary School Students in Addis Zemen Town, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚西北部南贡达尔市 Addis Zemen 镇小学生对沙眼传播和预防的了解、实践及相关因素。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241306933
Getasew Yirdaw, Eniyew Tegegne

Background: Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, particularly impacting the poorest nations, including Ethiopia.

Objective: To assess knowledge, practice, and associated factors of trachoma transmission and prevention among primary school students in Addis Zemen town, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 randomly selected primary school students (grades 5-8), aged 10 to 24 years. Data collection included face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and an observation checklist. Epi-data version 4.2.0.0 and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the collected data, respectively. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistical method and using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Variables with a P-value <.05 with a 95% CI were considered to have statistical significance.

Result: The study has a response rate of 98.25%, with a total of 400 respondents. 74.00% of the respondents knew about trachoma transmission and prevention, and 71.50% practiced preventive measures, such as face washing. Respondents in Grades 7 and 8, aged 12 to 24 years (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.93, 4.64), information about trachoma (AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.21), and urban residence (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 2.56, 5.23) were determinants of knowledge regarding trachoma transmission and prevention. Meanwhile, the mother's occupation (government employee) (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.83, 6.91) and overall knowledge about trachoma (AOR: 4.87, 95% CI: 2.95, 8.53) were significant predictors of the practice of trachoma transmission prevention.

Conclusion: While the level of knowledge and practice regarding trachoma transmission and prevention was relatively high, 26.00% of respondents still lacked adequate knowledge, and 28.50% did not practice prevention measures. To reduce the spread of trachoma and enhance public health outcomes, targeted interventions focusing on education about transmission and prevention strategies such as promoting face washing and proper sanitation should be prioritized in this area.

背景:沙眼是世界范围内致盲的主要传染性原因,尤其影响包括埃塞俄比亚在内的最贫穷国家。目的:评估2022年埃塞俄比亚西北部南贡达尔亚的斯泽门镇小学生沙眼传播和预防知识、实践及相关因素。方法:采用基于机构的横断面研究,随机抽取407名10 ~ 24岁的小学生(5 ~ 8年级)进行调查。数据收集包括使用结构化问卷和观察清单进行面对面访谈。采用Epi-data 4.2.0.0版本和SPSS 20版本分别录入和分析收集的数据。采用描述性统计方法和双变量和多变量logistic回归模型对数据进行分析。具有p值结果的变量:本研究的回复率为98.25%,共有400名受访者。74.00%的调查对象了解沙眼传播及预防知识,71.50%的调查对象采取了洗手等预防措施。7年级和8年级的受访者,年龄在12至24岁之间(AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.93, 4.64),关于沙眼的信息(AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.21)和城市居住(AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 2.56, 5.23)是沙眼传播和预防知识的决定因素。同时,母亲的职业(政府雇员)(AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.83, 6.91)和对沙眼的总体了解(AOR: 4.87, 95% CI: 2.95, 8.53)是预防沙眼传播行为的显著预测因子。结论:调查对象对沙眼传播及预防的知识和实践水平较高,但仍有26.00%的调查对象缺乏足够的知识,28.50%的调查对象没有采取预防措施。为了减少沙眼的传播并提高公共卫生成果,应在这一领域优先采取有针对性的干预措施,侧重于传播和预防战略的教育,如促进洗脸和适当的卫生设施。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review on the Outcomes of Climate Change in the Middle-Eastern Countries: The Catastrophes of Yemen and Syria. 中东国家气候变化后果的系统回顾:也门和叙利亚的灾难。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241302270
Mohsen Khosravi, Seyyed Morteza Mojtabaeian, Mina Aghamaleki Sarvestani

The Middle East is facing serious climate change challenges, rendering it as one of the most affected regions worldwide. This paper aimed to investigate the outcomes of climate change in the Middle East. In 2024, a qualitative study was conducted employing a methodology that integrated systematic review for data collection and thematic analysis for data analysis. Such integration of the approaches provided valuable insights into the findings within the literature in a comprehensive and categorized format. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024. The quality of these studies was assessed using the AACODS (Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance) checklist. The data extracted from the included studies underwent a thematic analysis utilizing Braun and Clarke's methodology. After completing the screening process, a total of 93 papers were deemed suitable for inclusion in the study. The quality assessment of these selected studies demonstrated a notably high standard, particularly in terms of authority, accuracy, coverage, objectivity, and significance. Moreover, minimal levels of bias were observed within the included studies. Subsequent thematic analysis of the findings from the systematic review identified 6 overarching themes: "Human Health Outcomes," "Animal Health Outcomes," "Plant Health Outcomes," "Ecological Outcomes," "Economic Outcomes," and "Political Outcomes." The study revealed ecological outcomes as the most prevalent consequences of climate change in the Middle East, including alterations in habitat distribution, temperature increase, water scarcity, and more. The outcomes seemed to be interconnected, exacerbating each other. Yemen and Syria had faced severe consequences, leading to political unrest and humanitarian crises in which Yemen ranking among the most water-stressed nations globally, while Syria contending with millions of displaced individuals living in dire conditions.

中东地区正面临严峻的气候变化挑战,是全球受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一。本文旨在探讨气候变化对中东地区的影响。2024年,采用数据收集系统回顾和数据分析专题分析相结合的方法进行定性研究。这种方法的整合以全面和分类的形式为文献中的发现提供了有价值的见解。检索了PubMed、Scopus、ProQuest和Cochrane系统评价数据库,检索了2000年至2024年间发表的相关研究。使用AACODS(准确性、覆盖率、客观性、日期、重要性)检查表评估这些研究的质量。从纳入的研究中提取的数据采用Braun和Clarke的方法进行了专题分析。在完成筛选过程后,共有93篇论文被认为适合纳入本研究。对这些选定的研究的质量评估显示出明显的高标准,特别是在权威性、准确性、覆盖面、客观性和重要性方面。此外,在纳入的研究中观察到最小程度的偏倚。随后对系统评价结果的专题分析确定了6个总体主题:“人类健康结果”、“动物健康结果”、“植物健康结果”、“生态结果”、“经济结果”和“政治结果”。该研究揭示了中东地区气候变化最普遍的生态后果,包括栖息地分布的改变、温度升高、水资源短缺等。结果似乎是相互关联的,相互加剧。也门和叙利亚面临着严重的后果,导致政治动荡和人道主义危机,也门是全球水资源最紧张的国家之一,而叙利亚则有数百万流离失所的人生活在恶劣的条件下。
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引用次数: 0
The Function of Green Finance Initiative in Maintaining Ocean Health: Novel Findings From an International Database. 绿色金融倡议在维护海洋健康中的作用:来自国际数据库的新发现。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241304616
Le Thanh Ha

This article empirically analyzes the influence of green finance (GF) on ocean health. Employing 10 indicators and a composite Ocean Health Index (OHI) to measure the efficiency and sustainability of ocean economies, the study spans 9 years across 35 countries. Multiple econometric methodologies, including Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), and the 2-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), demonstrate a substantial negative association between GF and ocean health. An extensive analysis of GF's relationship to the Ocean Health Index (OHI) components indicates that GF negatively impacts each of the 6 aspects of OHI. In the long run, however, when a Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model is used to assess the short- and long-term impacts, the results show a substantial positive association between GF and the ocean health. JEL code: J4; C12.

本文对绿色金融对海洋健康的影响进行了实证分析。这项研究历时9年,涵盖35个国家,采用10项指标和综合海洋健康指数(OHI)来衡量海洋经济的效率和可持续性。包括可行广义最小二乘(FGLS)、面板校正标准误差(PCSE)和两步广义矩量法(GMM)在内的多种计量经济学方法都表明,GF与海洋健康之间存在显著的负相关。对GF与海洋健康指数(OHI)组成部分关系的广泛分析表明,GF对OHI的6个方面都有负面影响。然而,从长期来看,当使用混合平均群自回归分布滞后(PMG-ARDL)模型评估短期和长期影响时,结果显示GF与海洋健康之间存在显著的正相关关系。JEL代码:J4;C12。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Organizational Behavior to Sustainable Health Care: The Case of Greece. 组织行为对可持续医疗保健的作用:以希腊为例。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-04 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241298788
Anastasios Sepetis, Ioannis Parlavatzas, Paraskevi N Zaza, Charalampos Platis, Rizos Fotios, Ioannis E Nikolaou

The role healthcare systems can play in surmounting global challenges like climatic change and resource scarcity is large, considering the major social and environmental impact. The research investigates the role of organizational behavior in influencing the adoption of sustainability initiatives in Greek healthcare organizations in regard to climate change. The research surveys 379 healthcare professionals from the public and private sectors with regard to organizational attitudes toward climate change, the adoption of sustainable practices, and individual environmental perspectives. Results underline that health care administration is still cut off from environmental considerations, with limited employee involvement in such initiatives of sustainability. The major barriers were poor communication, lack of education, and inadequate awareness across institutions. The study also emphasized that healthcare organizations need to align their values with environmental strategy so they can work in unison toward seeking sustainability. These would be stimulating initiatives for more leadership and active staff who become involved in making meaningful contributions toward global sustainability from the healthcare sector.

考虑到主要的社会和环境影响,医疗保健系统在克服气候变化和资源短缺等全球挑战方面可以发挥巨大的作用。该研究调查了组织行为的作用,在影响可持续发展举措在希腊医疗保健组织在气候变化方面的采用。该研究调查了来自公共和私营部门的379名医疗保健专业人员,内容涉及组织对气候变化的态度、采用可持续做法和个人环境观点。结果强调,卫生保健管理仍然切断了环境方面的考虑,有限的员工参与这种可持续发展的举措。主要障碍是沟通不畅、缺乏教育和各机构的认识不足。该研究还强调,医疗保健组织需要将其价值观与环境战略结合起来,以便他们能够一致努力寻求可持续性。这些举措将激励更多的领导和积极的工作人员参与医疗保健部门对全球可持续性作出有意义的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Human Health Risks from Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk: A Study from North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. 原料奶中黄曲霉毒素M1对人类健康的风险评估:来自埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚地区北谢瓦地区的研究
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241304524
Girma Selale Geleta, Argachew Nugussa, Gezahegn Faye, Girma Ragassa

This research aimed to assess the levels of AFM1 and evaluate the associated health risks from raw milk samples collected randomly from four selected towns. Ninety (n = 90) raw milk samples were randomly collected from smallholder dairy farmers in the North Shewa Zone, with 23 samples from Fiche, 23 from G/Gurracha, 22 from Dagem, and 22 from Sululta. The concentrations of AFM1 in the raw milk samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) after purification via an immunoaffinity column (IAC). AFM1 was detected in 76 (84.4%) raw milk samples, with 53 (58.9%) exceeding the maximum permissible limit established by the European Commission, 0.0500 µg/L. The highest AFM1 content was 2.00 µg/L and the lowest was 0.0100 µg/L. Additionally, risk assessment was performed using the margin of exposure (MOE), estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR). The results indicated that based on the average contamination levels of the milk during the study period and typical consumption rates, the average EDI of the adult population to AFM1 ranged from 0.374 to 0.852 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day. The calculated MOE values were less than 10,000, indicating potential health concerns. The mean HI value determined in this study was 2.70, which also suggests adverse health effects. Furthermore, the estimated risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to AFM1 exposure from milk consumption among adults was calculated to be 0.00170 cases per 100 000 individuals yearly. This finding indicates a significant risk of HCC, which justifies its continuous monitoring of dairy products throughout the entire supply chain, from production to consumption. Furthermore, our research highlights the need for further investigation into the risks posed by AFM1 in children, given their higher levels of milk consumption relative to adults.

本研究旨在评估从四个选定城镇随机收集的原料奶样本中AFM1的水平并评估相关的健康风险。从北谢瓦区小农奶农随机抽取90份(n = 90)原料奶样本,其中23份来自菲切,23份来自G/Gurracha, 22份来自达吉姆,22份来自Sululta。原料乳样品经免疫亲和柱(IAC)纯化后,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)法测定AFM1的浓度。76份(84.4%)原料奶样品中检出AFM1,其中53份(58.9%)超过欧盟委员会规定的最大允许限量0.0500µg/L。AFM1含量最高为2.00µg/L,最低为0.0100µg/L。此外,使用暴露边际(MOE)、估计每日摄入量(EDI)、危害指数(HI)和癌症风险(CR)进行风险评估。结果表明,基于研究期间牛奶的平均污染水平和典型消费率,成年人群对AFM1的平均EDI为0.374 ~ 0.852 ng/kg体重(bw) /天。计算出的MOE值小于10,000,表明存在潜在的健康问题。本研究确定的平均HI值为2.70,这也表明对健康有不利影响。此外,据估计,成年人因牛奶摄入AFM1暴露而发生肝细胞癌(HCC)的风险为每年每10万人0.00170例。这一发现表明存在HCC的重大风险,因此有理由对乳制品从生产到消费的整个供应链进行持续监测。此外,我们的研究强调需要进一步调查AFM1对儿童造成的风险,因为他们的牛奶消费量相对于成年人更高。
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引用次数: 0
Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and Risk of Diarrhea: A Systematic Review. 环境污染物暴露与腹泻风险:一项系统综述。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241304539
Eudora Nwanaforo, Cecilia N Obasi, Chiara Frazzoli, Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu, Orish E Orisakwe

This systematic review investigates the association between environmental pollutants and the risk of diarrhea, a critical public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The review synthesizes findings from various studies that highlight the impact of contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), microplastics, and parabens on gastrointestinal health. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar yielded 496 articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. The results indicate a significant correlation between exposure to specific pollutants-particularly pesticides like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), PAHs, arsenic, cadmium, and microplastics-and increased incidences of diarrhea. Notably, studies revealed that prenatal exposure to DDT is linked to higher diarrhea rates among boys in urban settings, while pesticide exposure in childhood correlates with inflammatory bowel disease in adulthood. Mechanistically, these pollutants may disrupt gastrointestinal function through cholinergic effects and endocrine disruption, leading to altered gut motility and microbiome imbalances. Moreover, the review emphasizes the immunosuppressive effects of heavy metals such as mercury and cadmium, which compromise the immune response and increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections. Despite the identified associations, there is a notable gap in research regarding geographic distribution and pollutant impacts on health outcomes. The review underscores the necessity for public health interventions aimed at reducing exposure to these environmental pollutants to mitigate their adverse health effects. In conclusion, this systematic review highlights the urgent need for further epidemiological studies in underrepresented areas to enhance our understanding of how environmental pollutants influence public health globally. Recommendations include rigorous monitoring of pollutant levels, public health initiatives to reduce exposure, and policies that restrict emissions of harmful substances. Addressing environmental pollution is crucial for mitigating diarrheal diseases and protecting vulnerable populations from its detrimental effects.

本系统综述调查了环境污染物与腹泻风险之间的关系,这是一个重要的公共卫生问题,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。该综述综合了各种研究结果,强调了农药、重金属、多环芳烃(PAHs)、微塑料和对羟基苯甲酸酯等污染物对胃肠道健康的影响。按照PRISMA的指导方针,在PubMed、Scopus和b谷歌Scholar等数据库中进行全面的文献检索,得到496篇文章,其中11篇符合详细分析的纳入标准。研究结果表明,暴露于特定污染物——尤其是杀虫剂,如二氯二苯三氯乙烷(DDT)、多环芳烃、砷、镉和微塑料——与腹泻发病率增加之间存在显著相关性。值得注意的是,研究表明,在城市环境中,产前接触滴滴涕与男孩较高的腹泻率有关,而儿童时期接触杀虫剂与成年后的炎症性肠病有关。从机制上讲,这些污染物可能通过胆碱能效应和内分泌干扰破坏胃肠道功能,导致肠道运动改变和微生物群失衡。此外,该综述强调了汞和镉等重金属的免疫抑制作用,这些重金属会损害免疫反应并增加对胃肠道感染的易感性。尽管确定了这些关联,但在地理分布和污染物对健康结果的影响方面的研究存在显著差距。审查强调必须采取公共卫生干预措施,减少接触这些环境污染物,以减轻其对健康的不利影响。总之,本系统综述强调迫切需要在代表性不足的地区进行进一步的流行病学研究,以增强我们对环境污染物如何影响全球公众健康的理解。建议包括严格监测污染物水平、减少接触的公共卫生举措以及限制有害物质排放的政策。解决环境污染问题对于减轻腹泻疾病和保护弱势群体免受其有害影响至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Solid Waste Collectors' Awareness of Occupational Hazards and Personal Protective Equipment Practices in Northern Malawi. 了解马拉维北部固体废物收集者对职业危害和个人防护装备实践的认识。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241303688
Mercy Ngwira, Moses Mn Chitete, Mary Sibande, Yoram Ngwira, Chitsanzo Damazio

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Solid Waste Collectors' (SWCs) knowledge of occupational hazards, their views on personal protective equipment (PPE), strategies for PPE use, and challenges in managing occupational risks. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of protective measures in addressing occupational hazards, but there is a need for further research to assess the knowledge levels of waste collectors regarding these hazards and PPE practices. This study used a qualitative research technique, particularly, a phenomenological research design to capture the living experiences from SWCs. Focused group discussions and in-depth interviews were employed to gather data. Subgroups of topics were created by coding the data using a predefined codebook as part of the content analysis process. SWCs demonstrated that they were aware of the risks they face in their work environments. The risks include which can range from long-term health issues brought by repetitive exposure to harmful substances and sharp objects. The lack of PPE accessibility and availability has become a significant issue, exposing waste collectors to various diseases and accidents, forcing them to work without necessary safeguards. Efforts to increase PPEs through public-private partnerships (PPPs) should be promoted. The city council should provide on-the-job training on health risks, occupational hazards related to waste collection, and PPE usage regularly; and establish efficient channels for SWCs to report problems and ensure that their grievances are properly addressed.

本研究的目的是评估固体废物收集者(SWCs)对职业危害的认识,他们对个人防护装备(PPE)的看法,PPE使用策略,以及管理职业风险的挑战。以前的研究强调了保护措施在处理职业危害方面的重要性,但需要进一步的研究来评估废物收集者对这些危害和个人防护装备做法的知识水平。本研究采用定性研究技术,特别是现象学研究设计来捕捉SWCs的生活经验。采用焦点小组讨论和深度访谈来收集数据。作为内容分析过程的一部分,使用预定义的代码本对数据进行编码,从而创建主题子组。SWCs表明他们意识到他们在工作环境中面临的风险。风险包括反复接触有害物质和尖锐物体带来的长期健康问题。缺乏个人防护装备的可及性和可用性已成为一个重大问题,使废物收集者面临各种疾病和事故,迫使他们在没有必要保障的情况下工作。应促进通过公私伙伴关系增加公私伙伴关系的努力。市议会应定期提供有关健康风险、与废物收集和个人防护用品使用有关的职业危害的在职培训;建立社会福利机构举报问题的有效渠道,确保其诉求得到妥善解决。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing People's Awareness of Environmental and Health Impacts of Straw Burning in Southeast Vietnam Through Factor Analysis and Proposing Sustainable Solutions. 通过因子分析评估人们对越南东南部秸秆焚烧对环境和健康影响的认识并提出可持续解决方案。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241296692
Van-Phuc Dinh, Bich-Ngoc Duong, Thi-Phuong-Tu Nguyen, Thanh Tran, Duy-Khoi Nguyen, Thi Cam Quyen Ngo, Bich Ngoc Hoang, Thanh Q Nguyen

Rice production in Southeast Vietnam generates a large amount of straw, which is often burnt directly in fields, causing air pollution and affecting community health. This study aims to assess the awareness of the environmental and health impacts of straw burning among farmers, students, and managers in the provinces of Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc, and Dong Nai, Vietnam. We conducted a survey of 686 individuals, divided into 3 main groups: 349 farmers, 250 students, and 87 local government officials. The survey results, analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), indicate that 55.2% of farmers never engage in straw burning, while 24.4% report infrequent burning. Awareness of the negative impacts, such as ecological imbalance, air pollution, and soil degradation, is prevalent, particularly among students and managers. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in perception and behavior toward straw burning among the groups. Despite the willingness of farmers to adopt sustainable straw management practices, they require low-cost solutions that do not significantly alter their farming practices. This study proposes a policy framework that includes educational initiatives, community participation, and government support to promote sustainable straw management. By guiding farmers away from straw burning, the framework aims to reduce air pollution and contribute to environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.

越南东南部的水稻生产产生大量秸秆,这些秸秆经常直接在田间燃烧,造成空气污染,影响社区健康。本研究旨在评估越南德宁省、平福省和同奈省的农民、学生和管理人员对秸秆焚烧对环境和健康影响的认识。我们对686人进行了调查,分为3个主要群体:349名农民、250名学生和87名地方政府官员。利用探索性因子分析(EFA)对调查结果进行分析,55.2%的农民从未焚烧秸秆,24.4%的农民很少焚烧秸秆。特别是在学生和管理人员中,人们普遍意识到生态失衡、空气污染和土壤退化等负面影响。统计分析表明,不同群体对秸秆焚烧的认知和行为存在显著差异。尽管农民愿意采用可持续的秸秆管理做法,但他们需要不显著改变其耕作方式的低成本解决方案。本研究提出了一个政策框架,包括教育倡议、社区参与和政府支持,以促进可持续秸秆管理。通过引导农民减少秸秆焚烧,该框架旨在减少空气污染,为环境保护和农业可持续发展做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the Presence and Levels of Some Selected Chemical Parameters in Borehole Water of Ga-Matlala in Limpopo Province, South Africa: Determining the Potential Risks. 调查南非林波波省Ga-Matlala钻孔水中某些选定化学参数的存在和水平:确定潜在风险。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241297492
C J Mabe, D M Molefe, S S Gololo

The safety of borehole water is highly questionable, yet most people in the African continent still depend on borehole water as the primary source for everyday use. To investigate the potential health risk of borehole water on the community, this study analyzed the presence and levels of various chemical parameters in borehole water of Ga-Matlala area in Limpopo province, South Africa. Twenty-four water samples were collected from selected eight villages of ga-Matlala during both the dry and rainy seasons. Techniques such as UV/vis spectrophotometric method, EDTA titrimetric method, Cl- argentometric method and FAAS were used to determine fluoride, nitrate, hardness, calcium, chloride ion and magnesium. In the rainy season, hardness ranged from 146.10 to 1136.49 mg/L, calcium ranged between 252.54 to 448.2 mg/L. In the dry season, hardness ranged between 157.69 to 1003.80 mg/L, calcium concentration ranged between 183.43 and 385.37 mg/L. The recommended limits set by regulatory authorities were exceeded in both seasons. Fewer samples recorded chloride concentration ⩾ 100 mg/L in both seasons. Magnesium concentrations were between 0.72 and 1.35 mg/L in both seasons. Fluoride concentration exceeded the maximum permissible level by regulatory bodies in most samples. In the rainy season, the lowest concentration was 1.94 mg/L, and a maximum was 3.22 mg/L. The nitrate concentration in both seasons was around 0.3 mg/L. Magnesium concentrations were within the acceptable levels. The elevated levels of chemicals in borehole may lead to dental fluorosis, risk of kidney stones and cancer in human beings. It is therefore recommended that risk awareness action should be undertaken, and treatment interventions should be considered.

井水的安全性非常值得怀疑,但非洲大陆的大多数人仍然依赖井水作为日常用水的主要来源。为了调查井水对社区的潜在健康风险,本研究分析了南非林波波省Ga-Matlala地区井水中各种化学参数的存在和水平。在旱季和雨季从ga-Matlala选定的8个村庄收集了24个水样。采用紫外/可见分光光度法、EDTA滴定法、Cl-阿根廷法和原子吸收光谱法测定氟化物、硝酸盐、硬度、钙、氯离子和镁。雨季硬度为146.10 ~ 1136.49 mg/L,钙含量为252.54 ~ 448.2 mg/L。旱季硬度在157.69 ~ 1003.80 mg/L之间,钙浓度在183.43 ~ 385.37 mg/L之间。两个季节都超过了监管机构设定的建议限值。在两个季节中,记录氯浓度大于或等于100 mg/L的样本较少。两个季节的镁浓度在0.72 ~ 1.35 mg/L之间。大多数样品的氟化物浓度超过监管机构规定的最高允许水平。雨季最低浓度为1.94 mg/L,最高浓度为3.22 mg/L。两个季节的硝酸盐浓度均在0.3 mg/L左右。镁的浓度在可接受的水平之内。钻孔中化学物质含量的升高可能导致人类氟斑牙、肾结石和癌症的风险。因此,建议采取风险意识行动,并考虑采取治疗干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Formaldehyde Levels and the Indoor Air Quality of an Anatomy Dissection Hall with Different Ventilation Setups. 不同通风方式下解剖解剖大厅甲醛含量与室内空气质量。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241301590
Ganesh Handady, Anne Dsouza, Vanishri Nayak, Joseph Abraham

During anatomy dissection, the release of formaldehyde (FA) from cadavers and embalming fluids can negatively affect the well-being of students and staff. The exposure of students, staff, and technicians to FA in the dissection hall is a concern. To address this issue, a study measured the FA and air quality (CO2 and Total Volatile Organic Compounds- TVOC) with different ventilation setups: natural, fan-based, and air-conditioned. The FA levels and the indoor air quality at the breathing zone were estimated using an air conditioning (AC), fan-based, and naturally ventilated setup. The FA, CO2, and TVOC levels were calculated at the cadavers' head and toe ends, in the pathway, and between the dissection tables. The FA, CO2, and TVOC levels were higher near the cadaver and lower in the pathway and between the tables, regardless of the type of ventilation used. Fan-based ventilation had the lowest mean FA, CO2, and TVOC levels compared to AC and natural ventilation. However, there was no significant difference in these levels between the ventilation types, except for the toe-ends of the cadavers (P < .05), where the toe-end farther from the AC vents had higher levels. The study suggests that areas away from the source of ventilation in the anatomy dissection hall are at risk of having lower air quality. Therefore, in addition to selecting an appropriate ventilation system, placing the donor bodies near the source of ventilation would help optimize FA levels and improve indoor air quality for better working conditions suitable for students and staff.

在解剖解剖过程中,尸体和防腐液中甲醛的释放会对学生和教职员工的健康产生负面影响。学生、工作人员和技术人员在解剖大厅接触FA是一个值得关注的问题。为了解决这个问题,一项研究测量了不同通风装置(自然通风,风扇通风和空调通风)的FA和空气质量(二氧化碳和总挥发性有机化合物- TVOC)。使用空调(AC)、风扇和自然通风装置估计呼吸区FA水平和室内空气质量。计算了尸体头部和脚趾端、通道内和解剖台之间的FA、CO2和TVOC水平。无论使用何种通风方式,FA、CO2和TVOC水平在尸体附近较高,在通道和桌子之间较低。与空调和自然通风相比,风扇通风的平均FA、CO2和TVOC水平最低。然而,除了尸体的脚趾末端外,这些水平在不同通风类型之间没有显著差异(P
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Environmental Health Insights
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