首页 > 最新文献

Environmental Health Insights最新文献

英文 中文
Exploring the Human Health Impact of Artificial Turf Worldwide: A Systematic Review. 探索人造草坪对人类健康的影响:系统综述。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241306291
Sebastian Ryan-Ndegwa, Reza Zamani, Tanimola Martins

The growing use of artificial turf in place of natural turf in residential, recreational and commercial settings has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on human health. A systematic review of databases revealed 5673 articles of which, 30 were deemed eligible. Those performing total concentration analyses, bioaccessibility analyses or human health risk assessments (HHRAs) of artificial turf fibres or crumb rubber infill were of interest. Health hazards and risks were explored in relation to three groups of chemicals of concern: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), heavy metals and other rubber additives. Twenty-five studies performed total concentration analyses on samples of artificial turf infill and/or turf fibres. Of these studies, median reported concentrations of eight PAHs, cadmium, mercury and zinc exceeded the European limits used. Eight studies performed bioaccessibility assays using synthetic biofluids and simulated organ systems. PAHs were not found to be bioaccessible except for benzo[a]pyrene in gastric fluid; heavy metals were bioaccessible except arsenic, and rubber additives were mostly bioaccessible except for three plasticisers: diisobutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate. Fourteen studies performed HHRAs to determine non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Cancer risks were identified for ingestion exposure to PAH in children with pica and heavy metal exposure via dermal, inhalation and ingestion pathways. Non-carcinogenic risks were identified for the ingestion of cobalt in a child spectator and the ingestion of arsenic, cobalt, thallium and zinc. Potentially hazardous concentrations of chemicals were found across both artificial turf infill and artificial turf fibre samples; bioaccessibility of these chemicals varied. Definitive conclusions were unable to be derived on the human health risks posed to users of artificial turf under real-world exposure scenarios. Future studies are recommended to explore the risks associated with the potential synergistic toxicities of chemical mixtures found in artificial turf.

在住宅、娱乐和商业环境中越来越多地使用人造草皮代替天然草皮,这引起了人们对其对人类健康的潜在影响的关注。对数据库进行系统审查,发现5673篇文章,其中30篇被认为符合条件。对人造草坪纤维或橡胶屑填充物进行总浓度分析、生物可及性分析或人类健康风险评估(HHRAs)的人员感兴趣。探讨了与三组令人关注的化学品有关的健康危害和风险:多环芳烃(PAH)、重金属和其他橡胶添加剂。25项研究对人造草皮填充物和/或草皮纤维样品进行了总浓度分析。在这些研究中,八种多环芳烃、镉、汞和锌的报告浓度中位数超过了欧洲使用的限值。8项研究使用合成生物流体和模拟器官系统进行了生物可及性分析。除胃液中的苯并[a]芘外,未发现多环芳烃具有生物可及性;重金属除砷外均为生物可及性,橡胶助剂除三种增塑剂(邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸苄丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)外大部分为生物可及性。14项研究采用HHRAs来确定非致癌和致癌风险。通过皮肤、吸入和摄入途径,确定异食癖儿童摄入多环芳烃和重金属暴露的癌症风险。确定了儿童观众摄入钴和摄入砷、钴、铊和锌的非致癌风险。人造草皮填充物和人造草皮纤维样品中都发现了潜在危险浓度的化学物质;这些化学物质的生物可及性各不相同。在实际接触情况下,无法就人造草坪使用者面临的人类健康风险得出明确结论。建议未来的研究探讨人造草坪中发现的化学混合物的潜在协同毒性的相关风险。
{"title":"Exploring the Human Health Impact of Artificial Turf Worldwide: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sebastian Ryan-Ndegwa, Reza Zamani, Tanimola Martins","doi":"10.1177/11786302241306291","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786302241306291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing use of artificial turf in place of natural turf in residential, recreational and commercial settings has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on human health. A systematic review of databases revealed 5673 articles of which, 30 were deemed eligible. Those performing total concentration analyses, bioaccessibility analyses or human health risk assessments (HHRAs) of artificial turf fibres or crumb rubber infill were of interest. Health hazards and risks were explored in relation to three groups of chemicals of concern: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), heavy metals and other rubber additives. Twenty-five studies performed total concentration analyses on samples of artificial turf infill and/or turf fibres. Of these studies, median reported concentrations of eight PAHs, cadmium, mercury and zinc exceeded the European limits used. Eight studies performed bioaccessibility assays using synthetic biofluids and simulated organ systems. PAHs were not found to be bioaccessible except for benzo[a]pyrene in gastric fluid; heavy metals were bioaccessible except arsenic, and rubber additives were mostly bioaccessible except for three plasticisers: diisobutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate. Fourteen studies performed HHRAs to determine non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Cancer risks were identified for ingestion exposure to PAH in children with pica and heavy metal exposure via dermal, inhalation and ingestion pathways. Non-carcinogenic risks were identified for the ingestion of cobalt in a child spectator and the ingestion of arsenic, cobalt, thallium and zinc. Potentially hazardous concentrations of chemicals were found across both artificial turf infill and artificial turf fibre samples; bioaccessibility of these chemicals varied. Definitive conclusions were unable to be derived on the human health risks posed to users of artificial turf under real-world exposure scenarios. Future studies are recommended to explore the risks associated with the potential synergistic toxicities of chemical mixtures found in artificial turf.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241306291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determinants of Environmental Pollution in China: Novel Findings from ARDL Method. 中国环境污染的决定因素:ARDL方法的新发现。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241307102
Vu Ngoc Xuan

This study examines how EC, FF use, RC, POP growth, trade, GDP, and CO2 emissions are interrelated in China. It aims to clarify how these factors together impact environmental pollution and economic sustainability. The motivation stems from China's dual challenge of sustaining economic growth while mitigating environmental degradation, particularly CO2 emissions. Understanding the intricate relationships among these variables is critical for shaping adequate energy and environmental policies in the context of China's growing role as a global economic power. The empirical methodology utilizes time-series data from 2000 to 2023 and applies econometric techniques, including Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). These methods allow for exploring both long-term and short-term dynamics among the variables and identifying causal relationships. The key findings reveal a significant long-term relationship between EC, FF use, GDP, and CO2 emissions, with RC increasingly crucial in mitigating carbon emissions. In the short term, there is bidirectional causality between energy utilization and economic growth, indicating mutual feedback between energy demand and economic development. POP growth and trade activities also significantly influence energy utilization patterns and emissions. The policy implications are profound: China must prioritize promoting RC, enhancing energy efficiency, and strengthening environmental regulations to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation. Policies should also integrate sustainable urban planning and international cooperation to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy. These strategies ensure China can meet its economic goals without compromising environmental sustainability.

本研究考察了中国EC、FF使用、RC、POP增长、贸易、GDP和CO2排放之间的相互关系。它旨在阐明这些因素如何共同影响环境污染和经济可持续性。这一动机源于中国面临的双重挑战:既要保持经济增长,又要缓解环境恶化,尤其是二氧化碳排放。了解这些变量之间错综复杂的关系,对于在中国作为全球经济大国日益重要的背景下制定适当的能源和环境政策至关重要。实证方法利用2000年至2023年的时间序列数据,并应用计量经济学技术,包括自回归分布滞后(ARDL)。这些方法允许探索变量之间的长期和短期动态,并确定因果关系。主要研究结果表明,EC、FF使用、GDP和CO2排放之间存在显著的长期关系,RC在减少碳排放方面越来越重要。短期内,能源利用与经济增长之间存在双向因果关系,能源需求与经济发展之间存在相互反馈关系。持久性有机污染物的增长和贸易活动也对能源利用模式和排放产生重大影响。政策影响是深远的:中国必须优先考虑促进RC,提高能源效率,加强环境法规,使经济增长与环境退化脱钩。政策还应结合可持续城市规划和国际合作,加速向低碳经济转型。这些战略确保中国能够在不损害环境可持续性的情况下实现其经济目标。
{"title":"Determinants of Environmental Pollution in China: Novel Findings from ARDL Method.","authors":"Vu Ngoc Xuan","doi":"10.1177/11786302241307102","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786302241307102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines how EC, FF use, RC, POP growth, trade, GDP, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are interrelated in China. It aims to clarify how these factors together impact environmental pollution and economic sustainability. The motivation stems from China's dual challenge of sustaining economic growth while mitigating environmental degradation, particularly CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Understanding the intricate relationships among these variables is critical for shaping adequate energy and environmental policies in the context of China's growing role as a global economic power. The empirical methodology utilizes time-series data from 2000 to 2023 and applies econometric techniques, including Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). These methods allow for exploring both long-term and short-term dynamics among the variables and identifying causal relationships. The key findings reveal a significant long-term relationship between EC, FF use, GDP, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, with RC increasingly crucial in mitigating carbon emissions. In the short term, there is bidirectional causality between energy utilization and economic growth, indicating mutual feedback between energy demand and economic development. POP growth and trade activities also significantly influence energy utilization patterns and emissions. The policy implications are profound: China must prioritize promoting RC, enhancing energy efficiency, and strengthening environmental regulations to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation. Policies should also integrate sustainable urban planning and international cooperation to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy. These strategies ensure China can meet its economic goals without compromising environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241307102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DDT and Its Metabolites in Ethiopian Aquatic Ecosystems: Environmental and Health Implications. 埃塞俄比亚水生生态系统中的滴滴涕及其代谢物:环境和健康影响。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241307471
Bealemlay Abebe Melake, Tamagnu Sintie Alamirew, Salie Mulat Endalew

Background: Despite its significant application, DDT and its metabolites pose a potential threat to the environment. Therefore, data on environmental and health concerns must thus be investigated.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the environmental and human health risks posed by DDT and its metabolites in Ethiopian surface waters.

Methods: The total amount of DDT and its metabolites consumed as a sum (∑DDT) is calculated by considering their equivalent toxicity. To calculate the human risk from drinking contaminated water, the maximum concentrations in all of Ethiopia's surface waterways were pooled. The average concentration values were added to calculate the human risk from consuming fish contaminated with ∑DDT. Similarly, ∑DDT residues in water can be used to predict the potential environmental risk.

Results: A higher level of ∑DDT in surface water was detected in Gilgel Gibe I hydroelectric dam reservoir and its tributaries with an average concentration of 640 ng/l. There is no health risk associated with drinking these surface waters because the concentrations of ∑DDT were below the WHO's recommended level. In fish samples, B. intermedius accumulated a higher level of ∑DDT (21.47 ng/g ww). With the exception of local infants, ∑DDT does not pose a non-carcinogenic risk to any age group. However, consuming fish contaminated with ∑DDT poses an unacceptable risk of cancer to all age categories. The risk posed by ∑DDT on aquatic species is highly likely. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) value indicates that fish tissue does not absorb ∑DDT directly from the water.

Conclusion: The prevalence of ∑DDT would link to both historical pollution and their current application in vector control. Ecosystems are frequently exposed to chemical mixes later in life; thus, rather than focusing on the ideal case of exposure to a single toxin, future studies can examine the mixture toxicity of numerous organic contaminants.

背景:滴滴涕及其代谢物虽有广泛的应用,但仍对环境构成潜在威胁。因此,必须对有关环境和健康问题的数据进行调查。目的:本研究的目的是评估滴滴涕及其代谢物在埃塞俄比亚地表水中造成的环境和人类健康风险。方法:考虑DDT及其代谢物的当量毒性,计算其总消耗量(∑DDT)。为了计算饮用受污染的水对人类的危害,汇集了埃塞俄比亚所有地表水的最大浓度。将平均浓度相加,计算∑DDT污染鱼类的人体风险。同样,水中的∑DDT残留量也可以用来预测潜在的环境风险。结果:Gilgel Gibe I水电站水库及其支流地表水中∑DDT浓度较高,平均浓度为640 ng/l。饮用这些地表水没有健康风险,因为∑DDT的浓度低于世界卫生组织的建议水平。在鱼类样品中,中间芽孢杆菌积累的∑DDT含量较高(21.47 ng/g ww)。除本地婴儿外,∑DDT不会对任何年龄组构成非致癌风险。然而,食用被∑DDT污染的鱼类对所有年龄段的人都构成不可接受的癌症风险。∑DDT极有可能对水生物种造成危害。生物积累因子(BAF)值表明,鱼类组织不直接从水中吸收∑DDT。结论:∑DDT的流行与历史污染和目前在病媒控制中的应用有关。在生命后期,生态系统经常暴露于化学混合物中;因此,未来的研究可以研究多种有机污染物的混合毒性,而不是集中在暴露于单一毒素的理想情况下。
{"title":"DDT and Its Metabolites in Ethiopian Aquatic Ecosystems: Environmental and Health Implications.","authors":"Bealemlay Abebe Melake, Tamagnu Sintie Alamirew, Salie Mulat Endalew","doi":"10.1177/11786302241307471","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786302241307471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite its significant application, DDT and its metabolites pose a potential threat to the environment. Therefore, data on environmental and health concerns must thus be investigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the environmental and human health risks posed by DDT and its metabolites in Ethiopian surface waters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The total amount of DDT and its metabolites consumed as a sum (∑DDT) is calculated by considering their equivalent toxicity. To calculate the human risk from drinking contaminated water, the maximum concentrations in all of Ethiopia's surface waterways were pooled. The average concentration values were added to calculate the human risk from consuming fish contaminated with ∑DDT. Similarly, ∑DDT residues in water can be used to predict the potential environmental risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher level of ∑DDT in surface water was detected in Gilgel Gibe I hydroelectric dam reservoir and its tributaries with an average concentration of 640 ng/l. There is no health risk associated with drinking these surface waters because the concentrations of ∑DDT were below the WHO's recommended level. In fish samples, <i>B. intermedius</i> accumulated a higher level of ∑DDT (21.47 ng/g ww). With the exception of local infants, ∑DDT does not pose a non-carcinogenic risk to any age group. However, consuming fish contaminated with ∑DDT poses an unacceptable risk of cancer to all age categories. The risk posed by ∑DDT on aquatic species is highly likely. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) value indicates that fish tissue does not absorb ∑DDT directly from the water.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of ∑DDT would link to both historical pollution and their current application in vector control. Ecosystems are frequently exposed to chemical mixes later in life; thus, rather than focusing on the ideal case of exposure to a single toxin, future studies can examine the mixture toxicity of numerous organic contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241307471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowledge, Practice and Associated Factor of Trachoma Transmission and Prevention Among Primary School Students in Addis Zemen Town, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚西北部南贡达尔市 Addis Zemen 镇小学生对沙眼传播和预防的了解、实践及相关因素。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241306933
Getasew Yirdaw, Eniyew Tegegne

Background: Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, particularly impacting the poorest nations, including Ethiopia.

Objective: To assess knowledge, practice, and associated factors of trachoma transmission and prevention among primary school students in Addis Zemen town, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 randomly selected primary school students (grades 5-8), aged 10 to 24 years. Data collection included face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and an observation checklist. Epi-data version 4.2.0.0 and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the collected data, respectively. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistical method and using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Variables with a P-value <.05 with a 95% CI were considered to have statistical significance.

Result: The study has a response rate of 98.25%, with a total of 400 respondents. 74.00% of the respondents knew about trachoma transmission and prevention, and 71.50% practiced preventive measures, such as face washing. Respondents in Grades 7 and 8, aged 12 to 24 years (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.93, 4.64), information about trachoma (AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.21), and urban residence (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 2.56, 5.23) were determinants of knowledge regarding trachoma transmission and prevention. Meanwhile, the mother's occupation (government employee) (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.83, 6.91) and overall knowledge about trachoma (AOR: 4.87, 95% CI: 2.95, 8.53) were significant predictors of the practice of trachoma transmission prevention.

Conclusion: While the level of knowledge and practice regarding trachoma transmission and prevention was relatively high, 26.00% of respondents still lacked adequate knowledge, and 28.50% did not practice prevention measures. To reduce the spread of trachoma and enhance public health outcomes, targeted interventions focusing on education about transmission and prevention strategies such as promoting face washing and proper sanitation should be prioritized in this area.

背景:沙眼是世界范围内致盲的主要传染性原因,尤其影响包括埃塞俄比亚在内的最贫穷国家。目的:评估2022年埃塞俄比亚西北部南贡达尔亚的斯泽门镇小学生沙眼传播和预防知识、实践及相关因素。方法:采用基于机构的横断面研究,随机抽取407名10 ~ 24岁的小学生(5 ~ 8年级)进行调查。数据收集包括使用结构化问卷和观察清单进行面对面访谈。采用Epi-data 4.2.0.0版本和SPSS 20版本分别录入和分析收集的数据。采用描述性统计方法和双变量和多变量logistic回归模型对数据进行分析。具有p值结果的变量:本研究的回复率为98.25%,共有400名受访者。74.00%的调查对象了解沙眼传播及预防知识,71.50%的调查对象采取了洗手等预防措施。7年级和8年级的受访者,年龄在12至24岁之间(AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.93, 4.64),关于沙眼的信息(AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.21)和城市居住(AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 2.56, 5.23)是沙眼传播和预防知识的决定因素。同时,母亲的职业(政府雇员)(AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.83, 6.91)和对沙眼的总体了解(AOR: 4.87, 95% CI: 2.95, 8.53)是预防沙眼传播行为的显著预测因子。结论:调查对象对沙眼传播及预防的知识和实践水平较高,但仍有26.00%的调查对象缺乏足够的知识,28.50%的调查对象没有采取预防措施。为了减少沙眼的传播并提高公共卫生成果,应在这一领域优先采取有针对性的干预措施,侧重于传播和预防战略的教育,如促进洗脸和适当的卫生设施。
{"title":"Knowledge, Practice and Associated Factor of Trachoma Transmission and Prevention Among Primary School Students in Addis Zemen Town, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Getasew Yirdaw, Eniyew Tegegne","doi":"10.1177/11786302241306933","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786302241306933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, particularly impacting the poorest nations, including Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess knowledge, practice, and associated factors of trachoma transmission and prevention among primary school students in Addis Zemen town, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 randomly selected primary school students (grades 5-8), aged 10 to 24 years. Data collection included face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and an observation checklist. Epi-data version 4.2.0.0 and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the collected data, respectively. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistical method and using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Variables with a P-value <.05 with a 95% CI were considered to have statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The study has a response rate of 98.25%, with a total of 400 respondents. 74.00% of the respondents knew about trachoma transmission and prevention, and 71.50% practiced preventive measures, such as face washing. Respondents in Grades 7 and 8, aged 12 to 24 years (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.93, 4.64), information about trachoma (AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.21), and urban residence (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 2.56, 5.23) were determinants of knowledge regarding trachoma transmission and prevention. Meanwhile, the mother's occupation (government employee) (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.83, 6.91) and overall knowledge about trachoma (AOR: 4.87, 95% CI: 2.95, 8.53) were significant predictors of the practice of trachoma transmission prevention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the level of knowledge and practice regarding trachoma transmission and prevention was relatively high, 26.00% of respondents still lacked adequate knowledge, and 28.50% did not practice prevention measures. To reduce the spread of trachoma and enhance public health outcomes, targeted interventions focusing on education about transmission and prevention strategies such as promoting face washing and proper sanitation should be prioritized in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241306933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review on the Outcomes of Climate Change in the Middle-Eastern Countries: The Catastrophes of Yemen and Syria. 中东国家气候变化后果的系统回顾:也门和叙利亚的灾难。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241302270
Mohsen Khosravi, Seyyed Morteza Mojtabaeian, Mina Aghamaleki Sarvestani

The Middle East is facing serious climate change challenges, rendering it as one of the most affected regions worldwide. This paper aimed to investigate the outcomes of climate change in the Middle East. In 2024, a qualitative study was conducted employing a methodology that integrated systematic review for data collection and thematic analysis for data analysis. Such integration of the approaches provided valuable insights into the findings within the literature in a comprehensive and categorized format. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024. The quality of these studies was assessed using the AACODS (Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance) checklist. The data extracted from the included studies underwent a thematic analysis utilizing Braun and Clarke's methodology. After completing the screening process, a total of 93 papers were deemed suitable for inclusion in the study. The quality assessment of these selected studies demonstrated a notably high standard, particularly in terms of authority, accuracy, coverage, objectivity, and significance. Moreover, minimal levels of bias were observed within the included studies. Subsequent thematic analysis of the findings from the systematic review identified 6 overarching themes: "Human Health Outcomes," "Animal Health Outcomes," "Plant Health Outcomes," "Ecological Outcomes," "Economic Outcomes," and "Political Outcomes." The study revealed ecological outcomes as the most prevalent consequences of climate change in the Middle East, including alterations in habitat distribution, temperature increase, water scarcity, and more. The outcomes seemed to be interconnected, exacerbating each other. Yemen and Syria had faced severe consequences, leading to political unrest and humanitarian crises in which Yemen ranking among the most water-stressed nations globally, while Syria contending with millions of displaced individuals living in dire conditions.

中东地区正面临严峻的气候变化挑战,是全球受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一。本文旨在探讨气候变化对中东地区的影响。2024年,采用数据收集系统回顾和数据分析专题分析相结合的方法进行定性研究。这种方法的整合以全面和分类的形式为文献中的发现提供了有价值的见解。检索了PubMed、Scopus、ProQuest和Cochrane系统评价数据库,检索了2000年至2024年间发表的相关研究。使用AACODS(准确性、覆盖率、客观性、日期、重要性)检查表评估这些研究的质量。从纳入的研究中提取的数据采用Braun和Clarke的方法进行了专题分析。在完成筛选过程后,共有93篇论文被认为适合纳入本研究。对这些选定的研究的质量评估显示出明显的高标准,特别是在权威性、准确性、覆盖面、客观性和重要性方面。此外,在纳入的研究中观察到最小程度的偏倚。随后对系统评价结果的专题分析确定了6个总体主题:“人类健康结果”、“动物健康结果”、“植物健康结果”、“生态结果”、“经济结果”和“政治结果”。该研究揭示了中东地区气候变化最普遍的生态后果,包括栖息地分布的改变、温度升高、水资源短缺等。结果似乎是相互关联的,相互加剧。也门和叙利亚面临着严重的后果,导致政治动荡和人道主义危机,也门是全球水资源最紧张的国家之一,而叙利亚则有数百万流离失所的人生活在恶劣的条件下。
{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Outcomes of Climate Change in the Middle-Eastern Countries: The Catastrophes of Yemen and Syria.","authors":"Mohsen Khosravi, Seyyed Morteza Mojtabaeian, Mina Aghamaleki Sarvestani","doi":"10.1177/11786302241302270","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786302241302270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Middle East is facing serious climate change challenges, rendering it as one of the most affected regions worldwide. This paper aimed to investigate the outcomes of climate change in the Middle East. In 2024, a qualitative study was conducted employing a methodology that integrated systematic review for data collection and thematic analysis for data analysis. Such integration of the approaches provided valuable insights into the findings within the literature in a comprehensive and categorized format. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024. The quality of these studies was assessed using the AACODS (Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance) checklist. The data extracted from the included studies underwent a thematic analysis utilizing Braun and Clarke's methodology. After completing the screening process, a total of 93 papers were deemed suitable for inclusion in the study. The quality assessment of these selected studies demonstrated a notably high standard, particularly in terms of authority, accuracy, coverage, objectivity, and significance. Moreover, minimal levels of bias were observed within the included studies. Subsequent thematic analysis of the findings from the systematic review identified 6 overarching themes: \"Human Health Outcomes,\" \"Animal Health Outcomes,\" \"Plant Health Outcomes,\" \"Ecological Outcomes,\" \"Economic Outcomes,\" and \"Political Outcomes.\" The study revealed ecological outcomes as the most prevalent consequences of climate change in the Middle East, including alterations in habitat distribution, temperature increase, water scarcity, and more. The outcomes seemed to be interconnected, exacerbating each other. Yemen and Syria had faced severe consequences, leading to political unrest and humanitarian crises in which Yemen ranking among the most water-stressed nations globally, while Syria contending with millions of displaced individuals living in dire conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241302270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Function of Green Finance Initiative in Maintaining Ocean Health: Novel Findings From an International Database. 绿色金融倡议在维护海洋健康中的作用:来自国际数据库的新发现。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241304616
Le Thanh Ha

This article empirically analyzes the influence of green finance (GF) on ocean health. Employing 10 indicators and a composite Ocean Health Index (OHI) to measure the efficiency and sustainability of ocean economies, the study spans 9 years across 35 countries. Multiple econometric methodologies, including Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), and the 2-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), demonstrate a substantial negative association between GF and ocean health. An extensive analysis of GF's relationship to the Ocean Health Index (OHI) components indicates that GF negatively impacts each of the 6 aspects of OHI. In the long run, however, when a Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model is used to assess the short- and long-term impacts, the results show a substantial positive association between GF and the ocean health. JEL code: J4; C12.

本文对绿色金融对海洋健康的影响进行了实证分析。这项研究历时9年,涵盖35个国家,采用10项指标和综合海洋健康指数(OHI)来衡量海洋经济的效率和可持续性。包括可行广义最小二乘(FGLS)、面板校正标准误差(PCSE)和两步广义矩量法(GMM)在内的多种计量经济学方法都表明,GF与海洋健康之间存在显著的负相关。对GF与海洋健康指数(OHI)组成部分关系的广泛分析表明,GF对OHI的6个方面都有负面影响。然而,从长期来看,当使用混合平均群自回归分布滞后(PMG-ARDL)模型评估短期和长期影响时,结果显示GF与海洋健康之间存在显著的正相关关系。JEL代码:J4;C12。
{"title":"The Function of Green Finance Initiative in Maintaining Ocean Health: Novel Findings From an International Database.","authors":"Le Thanh Ha","doi":"10.1177/11786302241304616","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786302241304616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article empirically analyzes the influence of green finance (GF) on ocean health. Employing 10 indicators and a composite Ocean Health Index (OHI) to measure the efficiency and sustainability of ocean economies, the study spans 9 years across 35 countries. Multiple econometric methodologies, including Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), and the 2-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), demonstrate a substantial negative association between GF and ocean health. An extensive analysis of GF's relationship to the Ocean Health Index (OHI) components indicates that GF negatively impacts each of the 6 aspects of OHI. In the long run, however, when a Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model is used to assess the short- and long-term impacts, the results show a substantial positive association between GF and the ocean health. <b>JEL code:</b> J4; C12.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241304616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Organizational Behavior to Sustainable Health Care: The Case of Greece. 组织行为对可持续医疗保健的作用:以希腊为例。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-04 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241298788
Anastasios Sepetis, Ioannis Parlavatzas, Paraskevi N Zaza, Charalampos Platis, Rizos Fotios, Ioannis E Nikolaou

The role healthcare systems can play in surmounting global challenges like climatic change and resource scarcity is large, considering the major social and environmental impact. The research investigates the role of organizational behavior in influencing the adoption of sustainability initiatives in Greek healthcare organizations in regard to climate change. The research surveys 379 healthcare professionals from the public and private sectors with regard to organizational attitudes toward climate change, the adoption of sustainable practices, and individual environmental perspectives. Results underline that health care administration is still cut off from environmental considerations, with limited employee involvement in such initiatives of sustainability. The major barriers were poor communication, lack of education, and inadequate awareness across institutions. The study also emphasized that healthcare organizations need to align their values with environmental strategy so they can work in unison toward seeking sustainability. These would be stimulating initiatives for more leadership and active staff who become involved in making meaningful contributions toward global sustainability from the healthcare sector.

考虑到主要的社会和环境影响,医疗保健系统在克服气候变化和资源短缺等全球挑战方面可以发挥巨大的作用。该研究调查了组织行为的作用,在影响可持续发展举措在希腊医疗保健组织在气候变化方面的采用。该研究调查了来自公共和私营部门的379名医疗保健专业人员,内容涉及组织对气候变化的态度、采用可持续做法和个人环境观点。结果强调,卫生保健管理仍然切断了环境方面的考虑,有限的员工参与这种可持续发展的举措。主要障碍是沟通不畅、缺乏教育和各机构的认识不足。该研究还强调,医疗保健组织需要将其价值观与环境战略结合起来,以便他们能够一致努力寻求可持续性。这些举措将激励更多的领导和积极的工作人员参与医疗保健部门对全球可持续性作出有意义的贡献。
{"title":"The Role of Organizational Behavior to Sustainable Health Care: The Case of Greece.","authors":"Anastasios Sepetis, Ioannis Parlavatzas, Paraskevi N Zaza, Charalampos Platis, Rizos Fotios, Ioannis E Nikolaou","doi":"10.1177/11786302241298788","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786302241298788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role healthcare systems can play in surmounting global challenges like climatic change and resource scarcity is large, considering the major social and environmental impact. The research investigates the role of organizational behavior in influencing the adoption of sustainability initiatives in Greek healthcare organizations in regard to climate change. The research surveys 379 healthcare professionals from the public and private sectors with regard to organizational attitudes toward climate change, the adoption of sustainable practices, and individual environmental perspectives. Results underline that health care administration is still cut off from environmental considerations, with limited employee involvement in such initiatives of sustainability. The major barriers were poor communication, lack of education, and inadequate awareness across institutions. The study also emphasized that healthcare organizations need to align their values with environmental strategy so they can work in unison toward seeking sustainability. These would be stimulating initiatives for more leadership and active staff who become involved in making meaningful contributions toward global sustainability from the healthcare sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241298788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of Human Health Risks from Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk: A Study from North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. 原料奶中黄曲霉毒素M1对人类健康的风险评估:来自埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚地区北谢瓦地区的研究
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241304524
Girma Selale Geleta, Argachew Nugussa, Gezahegn Faye, Girma Ragassa

This research aimed to assess the levels of AFM1 and evaluate the associated health risks from raw milk samples collected randomly from four selected towns. Ninety (n = 90) raw milk samples were randomly collected from smallholder dairy farmers in the North Shewa Zone, with 23 samples from Fiche, 23 from G/Gurracha, 22 from Dagem, and 22 from Sululta. The concentrations of AFM1 in the raw milk samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) after purification via an immunoaffinity column (IAC). AFM1 was detected in 76 (84.4%) raw milk samples, with 53 (58.9%) exceeding the maximum permissible limit established by the European Commission, 0.0500 µg/L. The highest AFM1 content was 2.00 µg/L and the lowest was 0.0100 µg/L. Additionally, risk assessment was performed using the margin of exposure (MOE), estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR). The results indicated that based on the average contamination levels of the milk during the study period and typical consumption rates, the average EDI of the adult population to AFM1 ranged from 0.374 to 0.852 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day. The calculated MOE values were less than 10,000, indicating potential health concerns. The mean HI value determined in this study was 2.70, which also suggests adverse health effects. Furthermore, the estimated risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to AFM1 exposure from milk consumption among adults was calculated to be 0.00170 cases per 100 000 individuals yearly. This finding indicates a significant risk of HCC, which justifies its continuous monitoring of dairy products throughout the entire supply chain, from production to consumption. Furthermore, our research highlights the need for further investigation into the risks posed by AFM1 in children, given their higher levels of milk consumption relative to adults.

本研究旨在评估从四个选定城镇随机收集的原料奶样本中AFM1的水平并评估相关的健康风险。从北谢瓦区小农奶农随机抽取90份(n = 90)原料奶样本,其中23份来自菲切,23份来自G/Gurracha, 22份来自达吉姆,22份来自Sululta。原料乳样品经免疫亲和柱(IAC)纯化后,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)法测定AFM1的浓度。76份(84.4%)原料奶样品中检出AFM1,其中53份(58.9%)超过欧盟委员会规定的最大允许限量0.0500µg/L。AFM1含量最高为2.00µg/L,最低为0.0100µg/L。此外,使用暴露边际(MOE)、估计每日摄入量(EDI)、危害指数(HI)和癌症风险(CR)进行风险评估。结果表明,基于研究期间牛奶的平均污染水平和典型消费率,成年人群对AFM1的平均EDI为0.374 ~ 0.852 ng/kg体重(bw) /天。计算出的MOE值小于10,000,表明存在潜在的健康问题。本研究确定的平均HI值为2.70,这也表明对健康有不利影响。此外,据估计,成年人因牛奶摄入AFM1暴露而发生肝细胞癌(HCC)的风险为每年每10万人0.00170例。这一发现表明存在HCC的重大风险,因此有理由对乳制品从生产到消费的整个供应链进行持续监测。此外,我们的研究强调需要进一步调查AFM1对儿童造成的风险,因为他们的牛奶消费量相对于成年人更高。
{"title":"Assessment of Human Health Risks from Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk: A Study from North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Girma Selale Geleta, Argachew Nugussa, Gezahegn Faye, Girma Ragassa","doi":"10.1177/11786302241304524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302241304524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed to assess the levels of AFM1 and evaluate the associated health risks from raw milk samples collected randomly from four selected towns. Ninety (n = 90) raw milk samples were randomly collected from smallholder dairy farmers in the North Shewa Zone, with 23 samples from Fiche, 23 from G/Gurracha, 22 from Dagem, and 22 from Sululta. The concentrations of AFM1 in the raw milk samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) after purification via an immunoaffinity column (IAC). AFM1 was detected in 76 (84.4%) raw milk samples, with 53 (58.9%) exceeding the maximum permissible limit established by the European Commission, 0.0500 µg/L. The highest AFM1 content was 2.00 µg/L and the lowest was 0.0100 µg/L. Additionally, risk assessment was performed using the margin of exposure (MOE), estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR). The results indicated that based on the average contamination levels of the milk during the study period and typical consumption rates, the average EDI of the adult population to AFM1 ranged from 0.374 to 0.852 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day. The calculated MOE values were less than 10,000, indicating potential health concerns. The mean HI value determined in this study was 2.70, which also suggests adverse health effects. Furthermore, the estimated risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to AFM1 exposure from milk consumption among adults was calculated to be 0.00170 cases per 100 000 individuals yearly. This finding indicates a significant risk of HCC, which justifies its continuous monitoring of dairy products throughout the entire supply chain, from production to consumption. Furthermore, our research highlights the need for further investigation into the risks posed by AFM1 in children, given their higher levels of milk consumption relative to adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241304524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and Risk of Diarrhea: A Systematic Review. 环境污染物暴露与腹泻风险:一项系统综述。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241304539
Eudora Nwanaforo, Cecilia N Obasi, Chiara Frazzoli, Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu, Orish E Orisakwe

This systematic review investigates the association between environmental pollutants and the risk of diarrhea, a critical public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The review synthesizes findings from various studies that highlight the impact of contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), microplastics, and parabens on gastrointestinal health. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar yielded 496 articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. The results indicate a significant correlation between exposure to specific pollutants-particularly pesticides like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), PAHs, arsenic, cadmium, and microplastics-and increased incidences of diarrhea. Notably, studies revealed that prenatal exposure to DDT is linked to higher diarrhea rates among boys in urban settings, while pesticide exposure in childhood correlates with inflammatory bowel disease in adulthood. Mechanistically, these pollutants may disrupt gastrointestinal function through cholinergic effects and endocrine disruption, leading to altered gut motility and microbiome imbalances. Moreover, the review emphasizes the immunosuppressive effects of heavy metals such as mercury and cadmium, which compromise the immune response and increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections. Despite the identified associations, there is a notable gap in research regarding geographic distribution and pollutant impacts on health outcomes. The review underscores the necessity for public health interventions aimed at reducing exposure to these environmental pollutants to mitigate their adverse health effects. In conclusion, this systematic review highlights the urgent need for further epidemiological studies in underrepresented areas to enhance our understanding of how environmental pollutants influence public health globally. Recommendations include rigorous monitoring of pollutant levels, public health initiatives to reduce exposure, and policies that restrict emissions of harmful substances. Addressing environmental pollution is crucial for mitigating diarrheal diseases and protecting vulnerable populations from its detrimental effects.

本系统综述调查了环境污染物与腹泻风险之间的关系,这是一个重要的公共卫生问题,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。该综述综合了各种研究结果,强调了农药、重金属、多环芳烃(PAHs)、微塑料和对羟基苯甲酸酯等污染物对胃肠道健康的影响。按照PRISMA的指导方针,在PubMed、Scopus和b谷歌Scholar等数据库中进行全面的文献检索,得到496篇文章,其中11篇符合详细分析的纳入标准。研究结果表明,暴露于特定污染物——尤其是杀虫剂,如二氯二苯三氯乙烷(DDT)、多环芳烃、砷、镉和微塑料——与腹泻发病率增加之间存在显著相关性。值得注意的是,研究表明,在城市环境中,产前接触滴滴涕与男孩较高的腹泻率有关,而儿童时期接触杀虫剂与成年后的炎症性肠病有关。从机制上讲,这些污染物可能通过胆碱能效应和内分泌干扰破坏胃肠道功能,导致肠道运动改变和微生物群失衡。此外,该综述强调了汞和镉等重金属的免疫抑制作用,这些重金属会损害免疫反应并增加对胃肠道感染的易感性。尽管确定了这些关联,但在地理分布和污染物对健康结果的影响方面的研究存在显著差距。审查强调必须采取公共卫生干预措施,减少接触这些环境污染物,以减轻其对健康的不利影响。总之,本系统综述强调迫切需要在代表性不足的地区进行进一步的流行病学研究,以增强我们对环境污染物如何影响全球公众健康的理解。建议包括严格监测污染物水平、减少接触的公共卫生举措以及限制有害物质排放的政策。解决环境污染问题对于减轻腹泻疾病和保护弱势群体免受其有害影响至关重要。
{"title":"Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and Risk of Diarrhea: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Eudora Nwanaforo, Cecilia N Obasi, Chiara Frazzoli, Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu, Orish E Orisakwe","doi":"10.1177/11786302241304539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302241304539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review investigates the association between environmental pollutants and the risk of diarrhea, a critical public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The review synthesizes findings from various studies that highlight the impact of contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), microplastics, and parabens on gastrointestinal health. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar yielded 496 articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. The results indicate a significant correlation between exposure to specific pollutants-particularly pesticides like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), PAHs, arsenic, cadmium, and microplastics-and increased incidences of diarrhea. Notably, studies revealed that prenatal exposure to DDT is linked to higher diarrhea rates among boys in urban settings, while pesticide exposure in childhood correlates with inflammatory bowel disease in adulthood. Mechanistically, these pollutants may disrupt gastrointestinal function through cholinergic effects and endocrine disruption, leading to altered gut motility and microbiome imbalances. Moreover, the review emphasizes the immunosuppressive effects of heavy metals such as mercury and cadmium, which compromise the immune response and increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections. Despite the identified associations, there is a notable gap in research regarding geographic distribution and pollutant impacts on health outcomes. The review underscores the necessity for public health interventions aimed at reducing exposure to these environmental pollutants to mitigate their adverse health effects. In conclusion, this systematic review highlights the urgent need for further epidemiological studies in underrepresented areas to enhance our understanding of how environmental pollutants influence public health globally. Recommendations include rigorous monitoring of pollutant levels, public health initiatives to reduce exposure, and policies that restrict emissions of harmful substances. Addressing environmental pollution is crucial for mitigating diarrheal diseases and protecting vulnerable populations from its detrimental effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241304539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Solid Waste Collectors' Awareness of Occupational Hazards and Personal Protective Equipment Practices in Northern Malawi. 了解马拉维北部固体废物收集者对职业危害和个人防护装备实践的认识。
IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241303688
Mercy Ngwira, Moses Mn Chitete, Mary Sibande, Yoram Ngwira, Chitsanzo Damazio

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Solid Waste Collectors' (SWCs) knowledge of occupational hazards, their views on personal protective equipment (PPE), strategies for PPE use, and challenges in managing occupational risks. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of protective measures in addressing occupational hazards, but there is a need for further research to assess the knowledge levels of waste collectors regarding these hazards and PPE practices. This study used a qualitative research technique, particularly, a phenomenological research design to capture the living experiences from SWCs. Focused group discussions and in-depth interviews were employed to gather data. Subgroups of topics were created by coding the data using a predefined codebook as part of the content analysis process. SWCs demonstrated that they were aware of the risks they face in their work environments. The risks include which can range from long-term health issues brought by repetitive exposure to harmful substances and sharp objects. The lack of PPE accessibility and availability has become a significant issue, exposing waste collectors to various diseases and accidents, forcing them to work without necessary safeguards. Efforts to increase PPEs through public-private partnerships (PPPs) should be promoted. The city council should provide on-the-job training on health risks, occupational hazards related to waste collection, and PPE usage regularly; and establish efficient channels for SWCs to report problems and ensure that their grievances are properly addressed.

本研究的目的是评估固体废物收集者(SWCs)对职业危害的认识,他们对个人防护装备(PPE)的看法,PPE使用策略,以及管理职业风险的挑战。以前的研究强调了保护措施在处理职业危害方面的重要性,但需要进一步的研究来评估废物收集者对这些危害和个人防护装备做法的知识水平。本研究采用定性研究技术,特别是现象学研究设计来捕捉SWCs的生活经验。采用焦点小组讨论和深度访谈来收集数据。作为内容分析过程的一部分,使用预定义的代码本对数据进行编码,从而创建主题子组。SWCs表明他们意识到他们在工作环境中面临的风险。风险包括反复接触有害物质和尖锐物体带来的长期健康问题。缺乏个人防护装备的可及性和可用性已成为一个重大问题,使废物收集者面临各种疾病和事故,迫使他们在没有必要保障的情况下工作。应促进通过公私伙伴关系增加公私伙伴关系的努力。市议会应定期提供有关健康风险、与废物收集和个人防护用品使用有关的职业危害的在职培训;建立社会福利机构举报问题的有效渠道,确保其诉求得到妥善解决。
{"title":"Understanding Solid Waste Collectors' Awareness of Occupational Hazards and Personal Protective Equipment Practices in Northern Malawi.","authors":"Mercy Ngwira, Moses Mn Chitete, Mary Sibande, Yoram Ngwira, Chitsanzo Damazio","doi":"10.1177/11786302241303688","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11786302241303688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate Solid Waste Collectors' (SWCs) knowledge of occupational hazards, their views on personal protective equipment (PPE), strategies for PPE use, and challenges in managing occupational risks. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of protective measures in addressing occupational hazards, but there is a need for further research to assess the knowledge levels of waste collectors regarding these hazards and PPE practices. This study used a qualitative research technique, particularly, a phenomenological research design to capture the living experiences from SWCs. Focused group discussions and in-depth interviews were employed to gather data. Subgroups of topics were created by coding the data using a predefined codebook as part of the content analysis process. SWCs demonstrated that they were aware of the risks they face in their work environments. The risks include which can range from long-term health issues brought by repetitive exposure to harmful substances and sharp objects. The lack of PPE accessibility and availability has become a significant issue, exposing waste collectors to various diseases and accidents, forcing them to work without necessary safeguards. Efforts to increase PPEs through public-private partnerships (PPPs) should be promoted. The city council should provide on-the-job training on health risks, occupational hazards related to waste collection, and PPE usage regularly; and establish efficient channels for SWCs to report problems and ensure that their grievances are properly addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"11786302241303688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Environmental Health Insights
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1