Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1309301
A. Noaman, B. Bakar, H. Akil
AbstractResearchers investigated the utilization of crumb rubber aggregate recycled from waste tire in concrete to solve the problem of discarded tire and to produce a green sustainable concrete. However, a reduction in the mechanical properties due to crumb rubber inclusion occurs. Steel fiber rubberized concrete used in this study to provide a balance between the strength loss and sustainable issue. An investigation on the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete combined with hooked – end steel fiber is presented. Rubberized concrete with different replacement ratios of crumb rubber was incorporated in plain and steel fiber concrete mixes via partial replacement of fine aggregate. Four replacement ratios (17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, and 25%) were used to investigate the effect of the partial replacement of fine aggregate by crumb rubber on the mechanical properties of plain and steel fiber concrete. In both mixes, reduction in mechanical properties was observed to be proportionate with the increment of crum...
{"title":"Investigation on the mechanical properties of rubberized steel fiber concrete","authors":"A. Noaman, B. Bakar, H. Akil","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1309301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1309301","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractResearchers investigated the utilization of crumb rubber aggregate recycled from waste tire in concrete to solve the problem of discarded tire and to produce a green sustainable concrete. However, a reduction in the mechanical properties due to crumb rubber inclusion occurs. Steel fiber rubberized concrete used in this study to provide a balance between the strength loss and sustainable issue. An investigation on the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete combined with hooked – end steel fiber is presented. Rubberized concrete with different replacement ratios of crumb rubber was incorporated in plain and steel fiber concrete mixes via partial replacement of fine aggregate. Four replacement ratios (17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, and 25%) were used to investigate the effect of the partial replacement of fine aggregate by crumb rubber on the mechanical properties of plain and steel fiber concrete. In both mixes, reduction in mechanical properties was observed to be proportionate with the increment of crum...","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1309301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47461358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2016.1277169
R. Pichal, J. Machacek
Prestressed stayed compression members are frequently required as very slender load-bearing structural components by both investors and architects. Behavior of these members depends on their geometrical and material properties, prestressing and boundary conditions. In the paper are discussed respective critical buckling loads and post-buckling paths with regards to 2D and 3D GMNIA (geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections) using ANSYS software. Former tests and recent detailed analyses of other authors are commented with respect to the 3D analysis, level of imperfections, boundary conditions at central crossarm (fixed or sliding stays) and nonlinear stainless steel material.
{"title":"Buckling and post-buckling of prestressed stainless steel stayed columns","authors":"R. Pichal, J. Machacek","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2016.1277169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1277169","url":null,"abstract":"Prestressed stayed compression members are frequently required as very slender load-bearing structural components by both investors and architects. Behavior of these members depends on their geometrical and material properties, prestressing and boundary conditions. In the paper are discussed respective critical buckling loads and post-buckling paths with regards to 2D and 3D GMNIA (geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections) using ANSYS software. Former tests and recent detailed analyses of other authors are commented with respect to the 3D analysis, level of imperfections, boundary conditions at central crossarm (fixed or sliding stays) and nonlinear stainless steel material.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1277169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43306945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299969
C. Chiorean
This paper presents a new computer method for moment-curvature analysis of arbitrary-shaped composite steel-concrete cross-sections that are subjected to biaxial bending and axial force. The comple...
{"title":"A computer method for moment-curvature analysis of composite steel-concrete cross-sections of arbitrary shape","authors":"C. Chiorean","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299969","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new computer method for moment-curvature analysis of arbitrary-shaped composite steel-concrete cross-sections that are subjected to biaxial bending and axial force. The comple...","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46709886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1279987
Gireesh Mailar, Sujay Raghavendra Naganna, Parameshwar Hiremath, B. Sreedhara, D. Manu
Nowadays, there is a considerable shortage in the availability of river sand and natural stone aggregate for the construction activities all around the globe and the way out is being worked out by the use of discarded foundry sand and crushed brick masonry aggregate for construction purposes. In the present study, river sand was partly replaced by the discarded foundry sand procured from steel moulding industries and the crushed brick masonry aggregate was used as coarse aggregate for the production of lightweight concrete. The experimental program involved casting of six distinct mixes with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% & 100% replacement of fine aggregate by discarded foundry sand. The mechanical and durability properties of the lightweight concrete were assessed for each of the six diverse blends. Even though the 80% and 100% replacement mixes were found to be less dense than the rest of the mix, the blend of 40% replacement acquired desirable mechanical and durability properties when compared to that of all other mixes. The optimum replacement level of the discarded foundry sand by mass to the river sand was 40%. The lightweight concrete produced by utilizing crushed brick masonry aggregate and discarded foundry sand (40% substitution level) can be employed in all major structural lightweight construction aspects and is ideally suited for sloped roof slabs and making architectural or decorative concrete blocks.
{"title":"Sustainable utilization of discarded foundry sand and crushed brick masonry aggregate in the production of lightweight concrete","authors":"Gireesh Mailar, Sujay Raghavendra Naganna, Parameshwar Hiremath, B. Sreedhara, D. Manu","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1279987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1279987","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, there is a considerable shortage in the availability of river sand and natural stone aggregate for the construction activities all around the globe and the way out is being worked out by the use of discarded foundry sand and crushed brick masonry aggregate for construction purposes. In the present study, river sand was partly replaced by the discarded foundry sand procured from steel moulding industries and the crushed brick masonry aggregate was used as coarse aggregate for the production of lightweight concrete. The experimental program involved casting of six distinct mixes with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% & 100% replacement of fine aggregate by discarded foundry sand. The mechanical and durability properties of the lightweight concrete were assessed for each of the six diverse blends. Even though the 80% and 100% replacement mixes were found to be less dense than the rest of the mix, the blend of 40% replacement acquired desirable mechanical and durability properties when compared to that of all other mixes. The optimum replacement level of the discarded foundry sand by mass to the river sand was 40%. The lightweight concrete produced by utilizing crushed brick masonry aggregate and discarded foundry sand (40% substitution level) can be employed in all major structural lightweight construction aspects and is ideally suited for sloped roof slabs and making architectural or decorative concrete blocks.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1279987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44103659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299965
C. Taube, Hans-Georg Timmler, M. Helmrich, G. Morgenthal
In the present article an alternative approach for the coupled thermal and mechanical analysis of composite cross sections under temperature effects is introduced, which uses the mathematical optimization as a consistent methodical base. By applying the principle of the virtual source energy for the thermal and the principle of the minimum of the total potential energy for the mechanical analysis, an accurate determination of temperature fields as well as residual strain and stress distributions is possible. The coupling is enabled by the thermal strains, which are determined based on the temperature field and passed to the nonlinear mechanical analysis as tension free pre-strains. The energy functional of the heat conduction problem is derived and implemented. The resulting optimization task is strictly convex and represents an implicit formulation, which does not impose any stability criteria. The performance of the introduced method is demonstrated on a principle example and an outlook is given on possible further extensions and applications.
{"title":"Coupled thermal and mechanical analysis of composite cross sections using mathematical optimization strategies","authors":"C. Taube, Hans-Georg Timmler, M. Helmrich, G. Morgenthal","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299965","url":null,"abstract":"In the present article an alternative approach for the coupled thermal and mechanical analysis of composite cross sections under temperature effects is introduced, which uses the mathematical optimization as a consistent methodical base. By applying the principle of the virtual source energy for the thermal and the principle of the minimum of the total potential energy for the mechanical analysis, an accurate determination of temperature fields as well as residual strain and stress distributions is possible. The coupling is enabled by the thermal strains, which are determined based on the temperature field and passed to the nonlinear mechanical analysis as tension free pre-strains. The energy functional of the heat conduction problem is derived and implemented. The resulting optimization task is strictly convex and represents an implicit formulation, which does not impose any stability criteria. The performance of the introduced method is demonstrated on a principle example and an outlook is given on possible further extensions and applications.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46859371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299966
M. Kraus
AbstractIn beam theory, normal stresses due to bending moments are usually determined with regard to Bernoullis hypothesis of the cross section staying in a plane state for reasons of simplicity. As a result of this fundamental assumption, the influence of shear on the distribution of normal stresses is not taken into account. However, for cross sections showing wide flanges, as they are commonly applied in bridge engineering for instance, the effect can usually not be disregarded. For the sake of capturing, stiffness oriented numerical approaches allowing the determination of the shear deformation behaviour of cross sections are applied and the shear influence is introduced into the normal stress calculation. This is being exemplarily shown for normal stresses due to bending moments My.
{"title":"Numerical approach for bending stress ascertainment in beam theory considering effects of elastic shear lag","authors":"M. Kraus","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299966","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn beam theory, normal stresses due to bending moments are usually determined with regard to Bernoullis hypothesis of the cross section staying in a plane state for reasons of simplicity. As a result of this fundamental assumption, the influence of shear on the distribution of normal stresses is not taken into account. However, for cross sections showing wide flanges, as they are commonly applied in bridge engineering for instance, the effect can usually not be disregarded. For the sake of capturing, stiffness oriented numerical approaches allowing the determination of the shear deformation behaviour of cross sections are applied and the shear influence is introduced into the normal stress calculation. This is being exemplarily shown for normal stresses due to bending moments My.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1299966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45914770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-16DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2016.1238784
T. Šlivinskas, Bronius Jonaitis, Ł. Drobiec
AbstractThis article examines masonry as the composite material. Factors affecting the mechanical deformation characteristics of masonry bed joints are reviewed. The strength and deformation characteristics of bed joints under the influence of changing mortar strength and variable compressive load are analysed Compressive strength, shrinkage and plastic deformation of masonry fragments and bed joints under variable compressive strength are also examined.
{"title":"Assessment of bed joints behavior of calcium silicate brick masonry during execution","authors":"T. Šlivinskas, Bronius Jonaitis, Ł. Drobiec","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2016.1238784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1238784","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article examines masonry as the composite material. Factors affecting the mechanical deformation characteristics of masonry bed joints are reviewed. The strength and deformation characteristics of bed joints under the influence of changing mortar strength and variable compressive load are analysed Compressive strength, shrinkage and plastic deformation of masonry fragments and bed joints under variable compressive strength are also examined.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1238784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69990003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-16DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2016.1257373
O. Kapliński, Natalija Koseleva, Guoda Ropaitė
Data generation has increased drastically over the past few years. Data management has also grown in importance because extracting the significant value out of a huge pile of raw data is of prime importance while making different decisions. This article reviews the concept of Big Data. The Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection academic database was used to overview publications that contained “BIG DATA” keywords and were included in Web of Science Category under “Engineering”. The analysis of publications was made according to year, country, journal, authors, language and funding agency.
数据生成在过去几年中急剧增加。数据管理的重要性也在增加，因为在做出不同决策时，从大量原始数据中提取重要价值是最重要的。本文回顾了大数据的概念。使用汤森路透Web of Science核心馆藏学术数据库来概述包含“大数据”关键字的出版物，并将其包含在Web of Science类别的“工程”项下。对出版物的分析是根据年份、国家、期刊、作者、语言和资助机构进行的。
{"title":"Big Data in civil engineering: a state-of-the-art survey","authors":"O. Kapliński, Natalija Koseleva, Guoda Ropaitė","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2016.1257373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1257373","url":null,"abstract":"Data generation has increased drastically over the past few years. Data management has also grown in importance because extracting the significant value out of a huge pile of raw data is of prime importance while making different decisions. This article reviews the concept of Big Data. The Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection academic database was used to overview publications that contained “BIG DATA” keywords and were included in Web of Science Category under “Engineering”. The analysis of publications was made according to year, country, journal, authors, language and funding agency.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1257373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69990067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-16DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2016.1250230
M. Babaei, Masoud Mollayi
AbstractIn recent decades, the use of genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization of structures has been highly attractive in the study of concrete and steel structures aiming at weight optimization. However, it has been challenging for multi-objective optimization to determine the trade-off between objective functions and to obtain the Pareto-front for reinforced concrete (RC) and steel structures. Among different methods introduced for multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithms, Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) is one of the most popular algorithms. In this paper, multi-objective optimization of RC moment resisting frame structures considering two objective functions of cost and displacement are introduced and examined. Three design models are optimized using the NSGA-II algorithm. Evaluation of optimal solutions and the algorithm process are discussed in details. Sections of beams and columns are considered as design variables and the specifications of the American Concret...
摘要近几十年来，利用遗传算法(GA)进行结构优化在混凝土和钢结构重量优化研究中备受关注。然而，对于钢筋混凝土和钢结构的多目标优化来说，如何确定目标函数之间的权衡关系并获得帕累托前面一直是一个挑战。在基于遗传算法的多目标优化方法中，非支配排序遗传算法II (non - dominant Sorting genetic Algorithm II, NSGA II)是最受欢迎的算法之一。本文介绍并研究了考虑成本和位移两个目标函数的钢筋混凝土抗弯矩框架结构多目标优化问题。采用NSGA-II算法对三种设计模型进行了优化。详细讨论了最优解的评定和算法过程。梁和柱的截面被认为是设计变量，美国混凝土规范…
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of reinforced concrete frames using NSGA-II algorithm","authors":"M. Babaei, Masoud Mollayi","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2016.1250230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1250230","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn recent decades, the use of genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization of structures has been highly attractive in the study of concrete and steel structures aiming at weight optimization. However, it has been challenging for multi-objective optimization to determine the trade-off between objective functions and to obtain the Pareto-front for reinforced concrete (RC) and steel structures. Among different methods introduced for multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithms, Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) is one of the most popular algorithms. In this paper, multi-objective optimization of RC moment resisting frame structures considering two objective functions of cost and displacement are introduced and examined. Three design models are optimized using the NSGA-II algorithm. Evaluation of optimal solutions and the algorithm process are discussed in details. Sections of beams and columns are considered as design variables and the specifications of the American Concret...","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1250230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69990016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2016.1257372
M. Procházka, Jindřich Sobotka, K. Šuhajda, M. Novotný
Drying structures using high-frequency electromagnetic radiation or microwave technology is currently gaining much more usage in the engineering practice. The goal of the method is the quickest elimination of water in construction (wall, floor structure, etc.). Microwave is a part of the electromagnetic radiation of frequency between 300 MHz and 300 GHz and wavelength between 1 mm and 1 m. The frequency of 2.45 GHz and 122 mm wavelength is used for engineering practice. Due to the effect of microwave radiation the divergent homogeneity of temperature field of different building materials can be observed. This article discusses the spread of thermal field depending on the volume of water and thereby the size of mass humidity of the given material (timber). The temperature fields will be observed by a thermo camera, always after a certain time cycles of the heating.
{"title":"Microwave radiation and its application on construction materials","authors":"M. Procházka, Jindřich Sobotka, K. Šuhajda, M. Novotný","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2016.1257372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1257372","url":null,"abstract":"Drying structures using high-frequency electromagnetic radiation or microwave technology is currently gaining much more usage in the engineering practice. The goal of the method is the quickest elimination of water in construction (wall, floor structure, etc.). Microwave is a part of the electromagnetic radiation of frequency between 300 MHz and 300 GHz and wavelength between 1 mm and 1 m. The frequency of 2.45 GHz and 122 mm wavelength is used for engineering practice. Due to the effect of microwave radiation the divergent homogeneity of temperature field of different building materials can be observed. This article discusses the spread of thermal field depending on the volume of water and thereby the size of mass humidity of the given material (timber). The temperature fields will be observed by a thermo camera, always after a certain time cycles of the heating.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2016.1257372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69990025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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