Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2050e
G. Halle-Ekane, Derick Nembulefack
Cancer of the cervix is the second most common gynaecological malignancy and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in Cameroon. Knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening depend largely on gender and educational level. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer and the attitudes and practices towards Pap smear screening among male and female university students. This was a cross-sectional study that involved 416 students, carried-out from February to May 2017 among students of the University of Buea, Cameroon. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire and analysed using Epi-Info version 7. Statistical significance was set at Pvalue <0.05. The mean age of the participants was 22.08 (± 4.03) years. Up to 82.2% of participants had heard about cervical cancer. Only 25.2% of participants had “good” knowledge of cervical cancer. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall knowledge between gender (P=0.81); however, there was an association between having “good” knowledge and being a health science student (P<0.001). About two-thirds of the students knew that having multiple sexual partners was a risk factor of cervical cancer, while more than 50%, could not identify early sexual intercourse, smoking, family history, and multiple deliveries as risk factors. Only 4.8% of the female students had had a Pap smear. The low uptake was attributed to barriers: the cost of screening, lack of information on screening programs, fear, and beliefs that pap smear screening is painful. To conclude, knowledge of cervical cancer among university students was poor without a gender difference. Uptake of Pap smear screening was very low. There is the need for more health education and prevention programs targeting males and females.
宫颈癌是第二大常见的妇科恶性肿瘤，也是喀麦隆妇女癌症死亡的主要原因。对子宫颈癌筛查的认识和态度主要取决于性别和教育水平。本研究的目的是了解男女大学生对子宫颈癌的认识及对子宫颈抹片检查的态度和做法。这是一项横断面研究，涉及416名学生，于2017年2月至5月在喀麦隆布埃亚大学的学生中进行。使用预测问卷收集数据，并使用Epi-Info version 7进行分析。p值<0.05，差异有统计学意义。参与者平均年龄为22.08(±4.03)岁。高达82.2%的受访者听说过子宫颈癌。只有25.2%的受访者对子宫颈癌有“良好”的认识。性别间总体知识差异无统计学意义(P=0.81);然而，拥有“良好”知识与成为健康科学学生之间存在关联(P<0.001)。大约三分之二的学生知道有多个性伴侣是宫颈癌的危险因素，而超过50%的学生不知道过早性交、吸烟、家族史和多次分娩是危险因素。只有4.8%的女学生做过子宫颈抹片检查。低吸收率归因于障碍:筛查的成本，缺乏筛查计划的信息，恐惧，以及认为子宫颈抹片检查是痛苦的。综上所述，大学生对宫颈癌的认知程度较低，性别差异不大。巴氏涂片筛查的接受率非常低。有必要针对男性和女性开展更多的健康教育和预防项目。
{"title":"Cervical Dysplasias and Cervical Cancers","authors":"G. Halle-Ekane, Derick Nembulefack","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2050e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2050e","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer of the cervix is the second most common gynaecological malignancy and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in Cameroon. Knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening depend largely on gender and educational level. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer and the attitudes and practices towards Pap smear screening among male and female university students. \u0000This was a cross-sectional study that involved 416 students, carried-out from February to May 2017 among students of the University of Buea, Cameroon. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire and analysed using Epi-Info version 7. Statistical significance was set at Pvalue <0.05. \u0000The mean age of the participants was 22.08 (± 4.03) years. Up to 82.2% of participants had heard about cervical cancer. Only 25.2% of participants had “good” knowledge of cervical cancer. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall knowledge between gender (P=0.81); however, there was an association between having “good” knowledge and being a health science student (P<0.001). About two-thirds of the students knew that having multiple sexual partners was a risk factor of cervical cancer, while more than 50%, could not identify early sexual intercourse, smoking, family history, and multiple deliveries as risk factors. Only 4.8% of the female students had had a Pap smear. The low uptake was attributed to barriers: the cost of screening, lack of information on screening programs, fear, and beliefs that pap smear screening is painful. \u0000To conclude, knowledge of cervical cancer among university students was poor without a gender difference. Uptake of Pap smear screening was very low. There is the need for more health education and prevention programs targeting males and females.","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130229340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12096d
N. Raman, Amod Hansdak, E. Sanjana
{"title":"Ocular Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Pondicherry, India","authors":"N. Raman, Amod Hansdak, E. Sanjana","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12096d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12096d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123362893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4073f
M. Sójka, Z. Pawlak
The negatively charged cartilage surface is supported by smart slippage lamellar-repulsive lubrication. The surface amorphous layer (SAL) covers the natural surface of articular cartilage. The friction is largely associated with charge density by electrostatic repulsion between the two cartilage surfaces. At pH 7.4 (± 1) we observed stable and low friction coefficient. This study examined the frictional conducting of the normal articular cartilage in relation to the surface of unhealthy one. Following sliding tests of a (cartilage/ cartilage) the worn surfaces wettability and friction coefficient were studied. It is concluded that the phospholipids bilayers formation, a lubricant influenced the friction performance.
{"title":"The Cartilage Surface: Frictional Forces Conducting on (Cartilage/Cartilage) Pair","authors":"M. Sójka, Z. Pawlak","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4073f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4073f","url":null,"abstract":"The negatively charged cartilage surface is supported by smart slippage lamellar-repulsive lubrication. The surface amorphous layer (SAL) covers the natural surface of articular cartilage. The friction is largely associated with charge density by electrostatic repulsion between the two cartilage surfaces. At pH 7.4 (± 1) we observed stable and low friction coefficient. This study examined the frictional conducting of the normal articular cartilage in relation to the surface of unhealthy one. Following sliding tests of a (cartilage/ cartilage) the worn surfaces wettability and friction coefficient were studied. It is concluded that the phospholipids bilayers formation, a lubricant influenced the friction performance.","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129296551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/11252d
Archana Mavoori, S. Bala, S. Pamar, K. Podila, D. Sriram
Background: Cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) is any undesirable change in the structure or function of the skin and its appendages related to drug eruption regardless of the aetiology is called the. CADRs manifest with diverse morphological pattern ranging from trivial urticaria to severe forms such as SJS, TEN vasculitis which can be fatal. They are called as non severe CADRs and CADRs respectively. Identifying the responsible drug in this new era of enhanced multi-drug research is a difficult undertaking, but it can help prevent more issues and provide safer medications. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the clinical profile and aetiology of CADR in patients in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad. Methods: A 6-month observational hospital-based study was conducted among patients attending the dermatological OPD of a medical college and hospital in Hyderabad.Patients with probable drug-related cutaneous lesions were included in the study, and the substance responsible for the lesions was determined. Recent drug history was recorded in a format prescribed by the Indian National Pharmacovigilance Programme, and causality was determined using WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria. Results: Males (52.4%) and females (52.4%) made up the study population (47.6 percent ).The majority of them were between the ages of 51 and 60.Urticaria (19.05 percent), erythema multiforme (17.46 percent), and morbilliform rash were the most prevalent CADR patterns observed (17.46 percent ).Antibiotics (39 percent), NSIADs (26 percent), and ATT were the most commonly used medications for these responses (18 percent ). Conclusions: CADRs, both severe and non-severe, cause significant morbidity in industrial employees, and the importance of pharmacovigilance should be emphasised even more to prevent such reactions. The necessity of the hour is to identify such reactions quickly using skin tests and dermatoscopy..
{"title":"Determination of Clinical Profile and Causality of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India","authors":"Archana Mavoori, S. Bala, S. Pamar, K. Podila, D. Sriram","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/11252d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/11252d","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) is any undesirable change in the structure or function of the skin and its appendages related to drug eruption regardless of the aetiology is called the. CADRs manifest with diverse morphological pattern ranging from trivial urticaria to severe forms such as SJS, TEN vasculitis which can be fatal. They are called as non severe CADRs and CADRs respectively. \u0000Identifying the responsible drug in this new era of enhanced multi-drug research is a difficult undertaking, but it can help prevent more issues and provide safer medications. \u0000Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the clinical profile and aetiology of CADR in patients in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad. \u0000Methods: A 6-month observational hospital-based study was conducted among patients attending the dermatological OPD of a medical college and hospital in Hyderabad.Patients with probable drug-related cutaneous lesions were included in the study, and the substance responsible for the lesions was determined. Recent drug history was recorded in a format prescribed by the Indian National Pharmacovigilance Programme, and causality was determined using WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria. \u0000Results: Males (52.4%) and females (52.4%) made up the study population (47.6 percent ).The majority of them were between the ages of 51 and 60.Urticaria (19.05 percent), erythema multiforme (17.46 percent), and morbilliform rash were the most prevalent CADR patterns observed (17.46 percent ).Antibiotics (39 percent), NSIADs (26 percent), and ATT were the most commonly used medications for these responses (18 percent ). \u0000Conclusions: CADRs, both severe and non-severe, cause significant morbidity in industrial employees, and the importance of pharmacovigilance should be emphasised even more to prevent such reactions. \u0000The necessity of the hour is to identify such reactions quickly using skin tests and dermatoscopy..","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12532d
Nguyen Thi Thu Trieu, T. Duc
In 2016, WHO’s World Health Assembly called for global elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030 and set global targets of achieving a 90% reduction in new cases of hepatitis B and hepatitis C, a 65% reduction in deaths from hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and treatment of 80% of people living with these infections. Individual countries are now in different stages of developing their own viral hepatitis elimination plans. The goal of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B is to reduce a patient's risks for progressive liver disease through prolonged suppression and eradication of HBV infection up to 100% limit and to arrest, ameliorate HBV-related liver damage. Phyllanthus urinaria, Adenosma Glutinosum, Eclipta Prostrata, Ascorbic Acid, Cyanocobalamin combination plus Tenofovir in treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis B. Method the combination of drugs derived from natural and artificial medicaments. This study has a stronger effect on the immune system, effective good against HBV replication. This is a substantial new insight into the pathogenesis of the disease, with a clear path toward clinical application, or which would lead to a substantial advance and perfect in management or public health policy. During the actual follow-up of this therapy being applied to patients for more than 10 years, the proposed research compound for the eradication of the hepatitis B virus has completed its assigned task.
{"title":"Study on Herbal Medicines, Ascorbic Acid, Cyanocobalamin, Tenofovir, Treatment on HBeAg Positive or HBeAg Negative in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Combination of Treatment with Herbs","authors":"Nguyen Thi Thu Trieu, T. Duc","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12532d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12532d","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016, WHO’s World Health Assembly called for global elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030 and set global targets of achieving a 90% reduction in new cases of hepatitis B and hepatitis C, a 65% reduction in deaths from hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and treatment of 80% of people living with these infections. Individual countries are now in different stages of developing their own viral hepatitis elimination plans. The goal of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B is to reduce a patient's risks for progressive liver disease through prolonged suppression and eradication of HBV infection up to 100% limit and to arrest, ameliorate HBV-related liver damage. Phyllanthus urinaria, Adenosma Glutinosum, Eclipta Prostrata, Ascorbic Acid, Cyanocobalamin combination plus Tenofovir in treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis B. Method the combination of drugs derived from natural and artificial medicaments. This study has a stronger effect on the immune system, effective good against HBV replication. This is a substantial new insight into the pathogenesis of the disease, with a clear path toward clinical application, or which would lead to a substantial advance and perfect in management or public health policy. During the actual follow-up of this therapy being applied to patients for more than 10 years, the proposed research compound for the eradication of the hepatitis B virus has completed its assigned task.","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115377590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2122f
Ines Kallel, E. Moussaoui, N. Douki
According to the American Association of Endodontists, "a 'true' vertical root fracture is defined as a complete or incomplete fracture initiated from the root at any level, usually directed buccolingually." Vertical root fracture (VRF) usually starts from an internal dentinal crack and develops over time, due to masticatory forces and occlusal loads. When they occur in teeth, those types of fractures can present difficulties in diagnosis, and there are however many clinic and radiographical signs which can guide clinicians to the existence of the fracture. Prognosis, most often, is hopeless, and differential diagnosis from other etiologies may be difficult sometimes. Patients with VRFs typically present with minimal signs and symptoms during the early stage. In this paper, we present a case of VRF diagnosed after surgical exploration; the enlarged fracture line was filled with a fluid resin. A 36-month clinical and radiological follow-up showed an asymptomatic tooth, reduction of the periodontal probing depth from 7 mm prior to treatment to 4 mm with no signs of ankylosis. In this work, the diagnosis and treatment alternatives of vertical root fracture were discussed through the presented clinical case.
{"title":"Vertical Root Fracture Repair with Resin Composite; Three-Year Follow-up","authors":"Ines Kallel, E. Moussaoui, N. Douki","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2122f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2122f","url":null,"abstract":"According to the American Association of Endodontists, \"a 'true' vertical root fracture is defined as a complete or incomplete fracture initiated from the root at any level, usually directed buccolingually.\" Vertical root fracture (VRF) usually starts from an internal dentinal crack and develops over time, due to masticatory forces and occlusal loads. When they occur in teeth, those types of fractures can present difficulties in diagnosis, and there are however many clinic and radiographical signs which can guide clinicians to the existence of the fracture. Prognosis, most often, is hopeless, and differential diagnosis from other etiologies may be difficult sometimes. Patients with VRFs typically present with minimal signs and symptoms during the early stage. In this paper, we present a case of VRF diagnosed after surgical exploration; the enlarged fracture line was filled with a fluid resin. A 36-month clinical and radiological follow-up showed an asymptomatic tooth, reduction of the periodontal probing depth from 7 mm prior to treatment to 4 mm with no signs of ankylosis. In this work, the diagnosis and treatment alternatives of vertical root fracture were discussed through the presented clinical case.","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126765802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12571d
T. Gabr
Cochlear implants (CIs) represent very successful solution in severe to profound hearing loss. However, the outcome of CIs show great variability among cochlear implantees. Central factors are important contributors to the success despite of the peripheral factors play an important role. The great variability in CIs outcomes might be related to auditory plasticity. The appropriate auditory inputs are crucial for central auditory development either through natural or electrical hearing. Hearing deprivation has drastic effect on central auditory function in contrary to hearing restoration through CIs which has positive central impact and proper communication and perception.
{"title":"Study on Cochlear Implants (CIs) and Plasticity of the Auditory System","authors":"T. Gabr","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12571d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12571d","url":null,"abstract":"Cochlear implants (CIs) represent very successful solution in severe to profound hearing loss. However, the outcome of CIs show great variability among cochlear implantees. Central factors are important contributors to the success despite of the peripheral factors play an important role. The great variability in CIs outcomes might be related to auditory plasticity. The appropriate auditory inputs are crucial for central auditory development either through natural or electrical hearing. Hearing deprivation has drastic effect on central auditory function in contrary to hearing restoration through CIs which has positive central impact and proper communication and perception.","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"63 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123312880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4076f
S. Basha, Hazar Al-Harbi, S. El-Refai
Background: Ulcerative conditions are common and are observed in almost 25% of the younger generations including children and young adults, which requires profound attention. Among the available topical therapeutics in treatment of oral ulceration is pure nicotine. It is an alkaloid derived and found in the Solanaceae plants and exerts its effects through suppression of inflammatory pathway. The therapeutic role of pure nicotine on regression of oral ulcers has been studied and showed effectiveness in reducing pain and ulcer erythema. The most appropriate channel for delivering local drug therapy to the oral cavity seems to be gel based topical formulations. Pentoxifylline is an anti-inflammatory xanthine derivative that has been approved nowadays for peripheral arterial disease therapy, moreover it exhibits an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-(alpha) effect, reverses fibroblast proliferation and may act to decrease the oral ulcers pain and duration. Aims: The present experimental study aims to determine Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Pure Nicotine and Pentoxifylline Gel on Oral Ulcers Materials and Methods: Thirty six male Albino rats weighing 200-250 gm were used in this study. Oral ulcers were induced in the right buccal mucosa all rat population. The rat population was divided into three main groups, twelve rats each. Topical pure nicotine, pentoxiphylline gel and placebo were applied for each group four times daily on the ulcers. Four rats from each group were sacrificed at day two, four, and eight right cheek mucosa was removed and prepared for histological examination. Results: The results of our study showed complete healing of the ulcer with absence of any sign of inflammation and increase in keratinization by day 8 in pure nicotine group, while in pentoxiphylline group the ulcers did not heal completely or produce any keratinization when compared to the nicotine group. In regards to control group, profound ulceration and inflammation were seen from day 2 until day 8.
背景:溃疡性疾病是常见的，在近25例患者中观察到% of the younger generations including children and young adults, which requires profound attention. Among the available topical therapeutics in treatment of oral ulceration is pure nicotine. It is an alkaloid derived and found in the Solanaceae plants and exerts its effects through suppression of inflammatory pathway. The therapeutic role of pure nicotine on regression of oral ulcers has been studied and showed effectiveness in reducing pain and ulcer erythema.The most appropriate channel for delivering local drug therapy to the oral cavity seems to be gel based topical formulations. Pentoxifylline is an anti-inflammatory xanthine derivative that has been approved nowadays for peripheral arterial disease therapy, moreover it exhibits an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-(alpha) effect, reverses fibroblast proliferation and may act to decrease the oral ulcers pain and duration.Aims: The present experimental study aims to determine Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Pure Nicotine and Pentoxifylline Gel on Oral UlcersMaterials and Methods: Thirty six male Albino rats weighing 200-250 gm were used in this study. Oral ulcers were induced in the right buccal mucosa all rat population. The rat population was divided into three main groups, twelve rats each. Topical pure nicotine, pentoxiphylline gel and placebo were applied for each group four times daily on the ulcers. Four rats from each group were sacrificed at day two, four, and eight right cheek mucosa was removed and prepared for histological examination.Results: The results of our study showed complete healing of the ulcer with absence of any sign of inflammation and increase in keratinization by day 8 in pure nicotine group, while in pentoxiphylline group the ulcers did not heal completely or produce any keratinization when compared to the nicotine group. In regards to control group, profound ulceration and inflammation were seen from day 2 until day 8.
{"title":"An Experimental Study on Histological Evaluation of the effect of Pure Nicotine and Pentoxifylline Gel on Oral Ulcers","authors":"S. Basha, Hazar Al-Harbi, S. El-Refai","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4076f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4076f","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ulcerative conditions are common and are observed in almost 25% of the younger generations including children and young adults, which requires profound attention. Among the available topical therapeutics in treatment of oral ulceration is pure nicotine. It is an alkaloid derived and found in the Solanaceae plants and exerts its effects through suppression of inflammatory pathway. The therapeutic role of pure nicotine on regression of oral ulcers has been studied and showed effectiveness in reducing pain and ulcer erythema.\u0000The most appropriate channel for delivering local drug therapy to the oral cavity seems to be gel based topical formulations. Pentoxifylline is an anti-inflammatory xanthine derivative that has been approved nowadays for peripheral arterial disease therapy, moreover it exhibits an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-(alpha) effect, reverses fibroblast proliferation and may act to decrease the oral ulcers pain and duration.\u0000Aims: The present experimental study aims to determine Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Pure Nicotine and Pentoxifylline Gel on Oral Ulcers\u0000Materials and Methods: Thirty six male Albino rats weighing 200-250 gm were used in this study. Oral ulcers were induced in the right buccal mucosa all rat population. The rat population was divided into three main groups, twelve rats each. Topical pure nicotine, pentoxiphylline gel and placebo were applied for each group four times daily on the ulcers. Four rats from each group were sacrificed at day two, four, and eight right cheek mucosa was removed and prepared for histological examination.\u0000Results: The results of our study showed complete healing of the ulcer with absence of any sign of inflammation and increase in keratinization by day 8 in pure nicotine group, while in pentoxiphylline group the ulcers did not heal completely or produce any keratinization when compared to the nicotine group. In regards to control group, profound ulceration and inflammation were seen from day 2 until day 8.","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133038946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2775f
E. Ochi, Mohamed A. Suliman, A. O. Ismail
A review of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) was made to provide principal epidemiological data on the disease situation in South Sudan. Five serotypes of FMD virus; A, O, C, SAT1 and SAT2 were revealed in cattle, goats and sheep. Of which serotypes O and SAT 2 seemed to be the most prevalent in seven States of the country. The overall mean prevalence of FMD in Unity and Lakes States showed the highest and lowest rates of 56% and 25%, respectively. Young stock showed a mortality of 50% compared to 20% in adult cattle, sheep and goats. In the face of FMD outbreak a significant reduction in more than 10% milk yield and weight losses were revealed. The impact of FMD on the livelihoods of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists is most pronounced in reduced milk production. This has contributed to malnourished children and the elderly people. Development of control strategies for FMD is imperative for sustainable development of livestock in South Sudan.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in South Sudan: A Review","authors":"E. Ochi, Mohamed A. Suliman, A. O. Ismail","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2775f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/2775f","url":null,"abstract":"A review of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) was made to provide principal epidemiological data on the disease situation in South Sudan. Five serotypes of FMD virus; A, O, C, SAT1 and SAT2 were revealed in cattle, goats and sheep. Of which serotypes O and SAT 2 seemed to be the most prevalent in seven States of the country. The overall mean prevalence of FMD in Unity and Lakes States showed the highest and lowest rates of 56% and 25%, respectively. Young stock showed a mortality of 50% compared to 20% in adult cattle, sheep and goats. In the face of FMD outbreak a significant reduction in more than 10% milk yield and weight losses were revealed. The impact of FMD on the livelihoods of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists is most pronounced in reduced milk production. This has contributed to malnourished children and the elderly people. Development of control strategies for FMD is imperative for sustainable development of livestock in South Sudan.","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4180f
S. Arya, Jyoti Beniwal, Vaibhav Thakkar, Sandeep Saurabh, Ashish Pillania, A. Raina, Satya Prakash Giri
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening, opportunistic infection which poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the scientific community. It is a disease of the diseased. Rhinocerebral form of mucormycosis is the most common form. Initial site of occurrence is usually nasal mucosa or palate and subsequently fungi spreads to surrounding areas causing wide-spread necrosis. This life threatening pathology still attains a high mortality rate if an early diagnosis is not achieved. Therefore, proper neuroimaging, specific diagnostic tests like culture and histopathology for the early diagnosis is considered a step of grave importance for the appropriate management of the patient.
{"title":"Diagnostic Dilemma Associated with Rhinomaxillary Mucormycosis: A Case Report of a Non COVID-19 Patient","authors":"S. Arya, Jyoti Beniwal, Vaibhav Thakkar, Sandeep Saurabh, Ashish Pillania, A. Raina, Satya Prakash Giri","doi":"10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4180f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/4180f","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis is a life-threatening, opportunistic infection which poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the scientific community. It is a disease of the diseased. Rhinocerebral form of mucormycosis is the most common form. Initial site of occurrence is usually nasal mucosa or palate and subsequently fungi spreads to surrounding areas causing wide-spread necrosis. This life threatening pathology still attains a high mortality rate if an early diagnosis is not achieved. Therefore, proper neuroimaging, specific diagnostic tests like culture and histopathology for the early diagnosis is considered a step of grave importance for the appropriate management of the patient.","PeriodicalId":118581,"journal":{"name":"New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115493018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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