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The consideration of trees in rights of light cases: part 1 轻权案件中树木的考量:第一部分
Pub Date : 2014-08-03 DOI: 10.1108/SS-08-2013-0031
Peter S. Defoe, C. Spence
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a methodology by which the impact of trees may be assessed in rights of light cases. Design/methodology/approach – By considering the available technologies and theoretical modelling, the research demonstrated that the loss of daylight resulting from the existence of trees can be evaluated to a reasonable degree such that their effect in rights of light cases may be taken into account by the courts. Findings – The extent of obstruction to daylight that is caused by trees changes from season to season, i.e. trees grow in height and/or width and deciduous trees tend to lose their leaves during the winter. Measurement of the trees should occur during winter months and reasonable approximations can be made. Research limitations/implications – Further research is advisable to provide a more complete compendium of tree types and to build a reliable database of transparency values and rights of light software will need to be modified to simplify the calculation...
目的-本文的目的是建立一种方法,通过该方法可以评估树木在轻权案件中的影响。设计/方法/方法-通过考虑现有的技术和理论模型,研究表明,由于树木的存在而造成的日光损失可以在合理的程度上进行评估,以便法院可以考虑它们在采光权案件中的影响。研究结果-树木对日光的阻碍程度随季节而变化,即树木的高度和/或宽度会增加,而落叶树在冬季往往会落叶。树木的测量应在冬季进行,并可作出合理的近似。研究限制/影响-建议进一步研究,以提供更完整的树木类型概要,并建立一个可靠的透明度值和轻型软件权利数据库,需要修改以简化计算。
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引用次数: 2
Optimising maintenance cost performance with skilled technicians 与熟练的技术人员一起优化维修成本
Pub Date : 2014-08-03 DOI: 10.1108/SS-01-2014-0005
Cheong Peng Au-Yong, A. Ali, F. Ahmad
Purpose – High-maintenance cost is the common issue in building industry due to low service quality of maintenance management in Malaysia. Lack of preventive measure is the problem that implicates poor maintenance performance. Scheduled maintenance is suggested to improve the maintenance performance. However, the effectiveness of scheduled maintenance can be greatly influenced by the availability of skilled technicians. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to identify the aspects of skilled technician to be concerned in maintenance management, as well as to establish the relationship between the aspects and maintenance cost performance. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative approach is adopted and carried out through questionnaire survey. Furthermore, descriptive analysis and correlation analysis are used to analyse the research data. Findings – The literature review identifies three aspects of skilled technician to be concerned in maintenance management. Then, research result demonstrates that the s...
目的-由于马来西亚维修管理的服务质量较低,维修成本高是建筑行业的普遍问题。缺乏预防措施是导致维修性能不佳的问题。建议定期维护,以提高维护性能。然而,定期维护的有效性可能会受到熟练技术人员可用性的极大影响。因此,本文的目的是确定熟练技术人员在维修管理中需要关注的方面,并建立这些方面与维修成本绩效之间的关系。设计/方法/方法-采用定量方法,并通过问卷调查进行。并运用描述性分析和相关性分析对研究数据进行分析。研究结果-文献综述确定了维修管理中技术人员需要关注的三个方面。然后,研究结果表明…
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引用次数: 16
Surface consolidation of natural stone materials using microbial induced calcite precipitation 微生物诱导方解石沉淀对天然石材表面固结的影响
Pub Date : 2014-08-03 DOI: 10.1108/SS-07-2013-0028
A. Richardson, K. Coventry, A. Forster, Christopher Jamison
Purpose – Deterioration in natural stone is associated with many decay mechanisms and often the inherent composition of the materials themselves. Sandstone varies considerably but they all require a cementing matrix to bind amongst others, the silica (SiO2) particles together (Reading, 1989). In calcareous sandstones and limestones this binding matrix is principally calcium carbonate based (Muir, 2006; Reading, 1989; McMillan et al., 1999) in the form of calcite (CaCO3). Friable sandstone substrates and stones suffering from “surface dissolution” or disaggregation (Muir, 2006; Smith et al., 1992) have been traditionally consolidated utilising a host of chemical compounds that had, in many cases negative effects on their long-term performance (Muir, 2006). A principle issue amongst many was moisture entrapment and irreversibility of the consolidants adopted. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper investigates the effect of microbial induced calcite precipitation (M...
用途-天然石材的变质与许多腐烂机制有关,通常与材料本身的固有成分有关。砂岩变化很大,但它们都需要胶结基质将二氧化硅(SiO2)颗粒粘合在一起(Reading, 1989)。在钙质砂岩和石灰石中,这种结合基质主要是以碳酸钙为基础的(Muir, 2006;阅读,1989;McMillan et al., 1999)以方解石(CaCO3)的形式存在。易碎的砂岩底物和石头遭受“表面溶解”或分解(Muir, 2006;Smith等人,1992年)传统上利用一系列化合物进行巩固,在许多情况下,这些化合物对其长期性能有负面影响(Muir, 2006年)。其中一个主要问题是所采用的固结剂的水分夹持和不可逆性。本文旨在探讨这些问题。设计/方法/方法-本文研究了微生物诱导方解石沉淀(M…
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引用次数: 17
Building heritage in Enterprise Zones: the latest threat or opportunity? 企业园区遗产建设:最新的威胁还是机遇?
Pub Date : 2014-08-03 DOI: 10.1108/SS-09-2013-0032
J. Birch, G. Squires
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider heritage for buildings within Enterprise Zones – a programme promoted by central government to improve the UK economy. A central view has been focusing on economic growth, with little thought given to the wider implications of heritage when imposing these zones of deregulation. Design/methodology/approach – An illustrative case study of Bristol Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone is used that includes primary interviews with key stakeholders involved in the zone. This is synthesised with secondary literature review allowing an investigation of the way in which heritage issues are being dealt with and the resulting implications for both Bristol and in other zones in the UK. Findings – Conflicts are demonstrated between the objectives of the Enterprise Zone scheme and those of heritage protection, indicating that they are not natural partners. It is argued that existing statutory protection is not necessarily enough to safeguard the heritage of these areas, give...
目的-本文的目的是考虑企业区内建筑的遗产-这是中央政府为改善英国经济而推动的一项计划。核心观点一直关注经济增长,在实施这些放松管制的地区时,很少考虑到遗产的更广泛影响。设计/方法/方法-使用了布里斯托尔神庙区企业园区的说明性案例研究,包括对该园区主要利益相关者的初步访谈。这与二级文献综述相结合,允许调查处理遗产问题的方式,以及由此产生的对布里斯托尔和英国其他地区的影响。发现-企业园区方案的目标与遗产保护的目标之间存在冲突,表明它们不是天然的合作伙伴。有人认为,现有的法律保护并不一定足以保护这些地区的遗产,给予……
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引用次数: 2
The assessment of structural concretes during construction phases 施工阶段结构混凝土的评估
Pub Date : 2014-08-03 DOI: 10.1108/SS-06-2013-0023
G. Uva, F. Porco, A. Fiore, M. Mezzina
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to collect the numerical elaboration of resistances measured on cubes made during the concrete casting and on cores extracted after the completion of the structure, for the concrete used in the construction of the “Esaro” Dam facilities (Cosenza, Italy). In addition to the statistical treatment of the sample, aimed at assessing the analytical congruence with the homogeneous classes provided in the design, the influence of compaction degree on in place strength value was qualitatively evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – The reliability of the concrete during the construction phases was evaluated by two analytical control types according to Italian and European technical rules: “production controls” based on statistical processing of resistance values; “laying controls” that serve to assess the compaction degree with a statistical approach. Findings – Results highlighted in the assessing of compliance checks of the mixture, the fundamental relation between statist...
目的-本文的目的是收集在混凝土浇筑过程中产生的立方体和在结构完成后提取的核心上测量的电阻的数值详细说明,用于“Esaro”大坝设施(意大利科森扎)建设中使用的混凝土。除了对样品进行统计处理,旨在评估与设计中提供的均匀类的分析一致性外,还定性地评估了压实程度对就地强度值的影响。设计/方法/方法-根据意大利和欧洲技术规则,通过两种分析控制类型评估施工阶段混凝土的可靠性:“生产控制”基于阻力值的统计处理;“铺设控制”,用于用统计方法评估压实程度。调查结果-结果突出在评估合规性检查混合物,基本关系之间的统计…
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引用次数: 12
Learning from design reviews in low energy buildings 从低能耗建筑的设计评审中学习
Pub Date : 2014-08-03 DOI: 10.1108/SS-08-2013-0030
O. Guerra-Santin, A. Tweed, M. Zapata-Lancaster
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the usability of design reviews to inform designers about low carbon technologies and building performance. The design review of three domestic and two non-domestic case studies are evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – Data collection and analysis methods include interviews and meetings with design teams and contractors, design tools audit and revision of drawings and project documentation. In addition, building's envelope and systems, and in-use performance evaluations are used to inform design teams about the actual performance of the buildings. Findings – This study showed that targets and intentions defined in the design process are not always compatible or reality checked. These contradictions between targets within a project can undermine the performance of a building. The design review can identify unrealistic expectations to assess fairly the performance of buildings. The study showed that changes made during construction to the original design are related to lack of specifications or experience with low carbon technologies. Design reviews can help designers to identify the knowledge gaps within their practice. Furthermore, the results showed that building-related energy consumption was close to expectations, while user-related consumption was higher than expected due to occupancy assumptions made during the design. The design review showed that designers require more knowledge about buildings’ in-use performance in order to take informed-based design decisions. Originality/value – This paper showed the main stages of a design review, and their usability to assess building performance and to inform designers. The results of this study suggest that designs can benefit from design reviews by learning about low carbon technologies installation and building's operation.
目的-本文的目的是确定设计审查的可用性,以告知设计师有关低碳技术和建筑性能。对三个国内和两个非国内案例的设计审查进行了评估。设计/方法论/方法-数据收集和分析方法包括与设计团队和承包商的访谈和会议,设计工具审计和修改图纸和项目文件。此外,建筑物的围护结构和系统,以及使用中的性能评估用于通知设计团队有关建筑物的实际性能。研究结果-这项研究表明,在设计过程中定义的目标和意图并不总是兼容或现实检查。这些项目中目标之间的矛盾会破坏建筑的性能。设计审查可以识别不切实际的期望,以公平地评估建筑物的性能。研究表明,在施工过程中对原始设计进行的更改与缺乏规范或低碳技术经验有关。设计评审可以帮助设计师识别实践中的知识差距。此外,结果表明,与建筑相关的能耗接近预期,而与用户相关的能耗高于预期,这是由于在设计过程中做出的占用假设。设计审查表明,设计师需要更多地了解建筑物的使用性能,以便做出基于信息的设计决策。原创性/价值——本文展示了设计审查的主要阶段,以及它们在评估建筑性能和告知设计师方面的可用性。本研究的结果表明,通过学习低碳技术、安装和建筑运行,设计可以从设计审查中受益。
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引用次数: 9
Asset Management of low-zero carbon technology in social housing 低碳技术在社会住房中的资产管理
Pub Date : 2014-07-25 DOI: 10.1108/SS-09-2012-0027
J. Kempton
Purpose – Households account for 27 per cent of the UK's total CO2 emissions therefore addressing housing energy efficiency has become a priority. Low-zero carbon technologies (LZCTs) for both new-build and the existing housing stock are one mechanism to reduce CO2. A gap in previous research into the subject was identified – the ongoing maintenance or “Asset Management” of LZCTs. This is important, inefficient or ineffective Asset Management may have a negative impact on the sustainability of energy efficient housing stock from a number of perspectives, including physical, social and economic. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The research presents a sector based study of the English social housing sector with seven individual organisations (known as “Registered Social Landlords”) represented by senior Asset Management practitioners, providing the units of analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to evaluate the past, current and future ability of the secto...
目的-家庭占英国总二氧化碳排放量的27%,因此解决住房能源效率已成为一个优先事项。用于新建和现有住房的低碳技术(LZCTs)是减少二氧化碳的一种机制。之前对该主题的研究存在一个空白——lzct的持续维护或“资产管理”。这一点很重要,低效或无效的资产管理可能会对节能住房存量的可持续性产生负面影响,从许多角度来看,包括物理,社会和经济。本文旨在探讨这些问题。设计/方法/方法-该研究对英国社会住房部门进行了基于部门的研究,由高级资产管理从业人员代表的七个独立组织(称为“注册社会房东”)提供了分析单位。进行了半结构化访谈,以评估该部门过去、现在和未来的能力。
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引用次数: 6
Low carbon non-domestic building design process. An ethnographic comparison of design in Wales and England 低碳非住宅建筑设计过程。威尔士和英格兰设计的民族志比较
Pub Date : 2014-07-25 DOI: 10.1108/SS-07-2013-0029
Gabriela Zapata-Lancaster
Purpose – The UK aims to reduce the carbon emissions in the building sector so as to achieve nearly zero-carbon new buildings by 2020. In 2010, a 25 per cent reduction of carbon emissions was mandated in England and Wales. The aim of this paper is to reveal how the design teams were coping with the energy regulation changes in 2010 in England and Wales. Design/methodology/approach – An ethnographic methodology was selected to investigate in-depth the real-time design process in four architecture practices. The study was analysed in detail and compared the design process of six non-domestic buildings in England and Wales. The data collection methods included interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis and were conducted for a period of 12-21 months per case study. Findings – The field findings suggest the disconnections between the project driver and the policy agenda and reveal what the design teams do to embed energy performance in routine project design. Research limitations/implicatio...
目的-英国的目标是减少建筑部门的碳排放,到2020年实现几乎零碳的新建筑。2010年,英格兰和威尔士被要求减少25%的碳排放。本文的目的是揭示设计团队如何应对2010年英格兰和威尔士能源法规的变化。设计/方法/方法-选择人种学方法来深入研究四个建筑实践中的实时设计过程。本研究对英格兰和威尔士的六座非住宅建筑的设计过程进行了详细的分析和比较。数据收集方法包括访谈、非参与性观察和文献分析,每个病例研究的时间为12-21个月。调查结果-实地调查结果表明项目驱动因素与政策议程之间存在脱节,并揭示了设计团队如何将能源绩效纳入日常项目设计。研究局限性/ implicatio……
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引用次数: 7
Influence of labour arrangement on construction material waste generation 劳动力安排对建筑材料废弃物产生的影响
Pub Date : 2014-07-25 DOI: 10.1108/SS-09-2012-0026
Jeyaraja Jayamathan, R. Rameezdeen
Purpose – Construction waste originates from various sources, generally from the inception of construction through to the completion of a building project. Previous research has shown that there is a link between the quantity of waste generated and the way labour is organized in the construction industry. However, these studies have failed to look into the sources of waste with respect to labour utilization and how it influences the generation of waste. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of labour arrangements on construction waste generation, particularly the sources of waste and the attitudes of workers. Design/methodology/approach – Using a combination of direct observations and source evaluations on six case study sites, the waste in direct and subcontracted labour (SL) arrangements was quantified. A questionnaire survey was administered to the workers participating in the observation study to elicit their attitudes to waste and closely linked issues. Findings – The results show...
用途-建筑废物的来源各不相同,一般是从建筑工程的开始到建筑工程的完成。先前的研究表明,在建筑行业中产生的废物数量与劳动力组织方式之间存在联系。然而,这些研究未能探讨劳动力利用方面的废物来源以及它如何影响废物的产生。本文的目的是调查劳动力安排对建筑垃圾产生的影响,特别是废物的来源和工人的态度。设计/方法/方法-结合对六个案例研究地点的直接观察和来源评估,对直接和分包劳动力(SL)安排中的浪费进行了量化。对参与观察研究的工人进行问卷调查,以了解他们对浪费和密切相关问题的态度。调查结果-结果显示…
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引用次数: 15
Strategies for integrating design and construction and operations and maintenance supply chains in Singapore 整合新加坡设计、施工、运营和维护供应链的策略
Pub Date : 2014-07-25 DOI: 10.1108/SS-02-2013-0015
F. Ling, Benjamin Kian Guan. Toh, M. Kumaraswamy, K. Wong
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigates strategies for achieving better integration between the design and construction (DC) and operation and maintenance (OM) supply chains in Singapore. The specific objectives are to: discover the goals that stakeholders want to achieve in integrating the supply chains; identify the stakeholders that play important integration role in each supply chain; and investigate the effective strategies that may yield better integration of the supply chains. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The sampling frame was Singapore-based clients, consultants and construction firms involved in developing and managing built facilities. Findings – The most important strategies for integrating the supply chains are: sharing relevant information and addressing sustainability issues jointly with DC and OM teams; and integrating life cycle optimization options in DC and OM supply chains. Research limitations/implications – The lim...
目的-本文的目的是研究新加坡设计与施工(DC)和运营与维护(OM)供应链之间更好整合的策略。具体目标是:发现利益相关者希望在整合供应链中实现的目标;确定在每个供应链中发挥重要集成作用的利益相关者;并研究可能产生更好的供应链整合的有效策略。设计/方法/方法-使用结构化问卷收集数据。样本框架是参与开发和管理已建成设施的新加坡客户、顾问和建筑公司。调查结果-整合供应链最重要的策略是:与DC和OM团队共享相关信息并共同解决可持续性问题;并在DC和OM供应链中集成生命周期优化选项。研究局限/启示- lim…
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引用次数: 18
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Structural Survey
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