J. Yanai, S. Nakata, Shinya Funakawa, E. Nawata, R. Katawatin, T. Kosaki
{"title":"Effect of NPK application on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by sugarcane on a sandy soil in northeast Thailand.","authors":"J. Yanai, S. Nakata, Shinya Funakawa, E. Nawata, R. Katawatin, T. Kosaki","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115795482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vietnam is one of the countries in the world that will be most negatively affected by the sea-level rise (SLR). The large agricultural population in the coastal areas of the country is already constrained by saltwater intrusion now, and will be more so by SLR in the future. In the coastal district of Nga Son, Thanh Hoa Province of Vietnam, the farmers had maintained their livelihood under the salinity constraint on salt-tolerant sedge (Cyperus spp.) plants sold for handicraft and mat-making. In recent years, however, their livelihood has been eroded by declines in productivity and quality of the sedge due to increased salinity intrusion and shortage of fresh water supply. The income from sedge was reduced to a greater extent in a group of communes that are closer to the Gulf of Tonkin than the other group of communes with less negative impacts. The farmers’ responses to these changes showed similarity and differences between the two groups of communes. The seasonal peak of rainfall has become later and the sedge harvest had to be delayed. The farmers’ capability to adapt to the hydrological and climatic changes thus depends on their local hydrological conditions mediated by their financial situation. These constraints could be ameliorated by financial and engineering supports at various institutional levels. Agronomic efforts could also ameliorate the problems via provision of better suited crops on an improved characterization of the local environmental conditions.
{"title":"Farmers' Adaptation to Sea-level Rise and Salinity Intrusion: A Case Study on Sedge Growers in Coastal Vietnam:A Case Study on Sedge Growers in Coastal Vietnam","authors":"D. Van, K. Kobayashi","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.76","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam is one of the countries in the world that will be most negatively affected by the sea-level rise (SLR). The large agricultural population in the coastal areas of the country is already constrained by saltwater intrusion now, and will be more so by SLR in the future. In the coastal district of Nga Son, Thanh Hoa Province of Vietnam, the farmers had maintained their livelihood under the salinity constraint on salt-tolerant sedge (Cyperus spp.) plants sold for handicraft and mat-making. In recent years, however, their livelihood has been eroded by declines in productivity and quality of the sedge due to increased salinity intrusion and shortage of fresh water supply. The income from sedge was reduced to a greater extent in a group of communes that are closer to the Gulf of Tonkin than the other group of communes with less negative impacts. The farmers’ responses to these changes showed similarity and differences between the two groups of communes. The seasonal peak of rainfall has become later and the sedge harvest had to be delayed. The farmers’ capability to adapt to the hydrological and climatic changes thus depends on their local hydrological conditions mediated by their financial situation. These constraints could be ameliorated by financial and engineering supports at various institutional levels. Agronomic efforts could also ameliorate the problems via provision of better suited crops on an improved characterization of the local environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115886046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith (species complex) is one of the most serious diseases of peppers in tropical and subtropical regions and in warm temperate regions such as Japan. The pepper cultivar, Kyoto-Manganji No. 1 (MDH) (Capsicum annuum L.), is a double haploid and was bred from a landrace in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Although it has been reported that MDH is resistant to BW, virulent BW strains such as KP9547 have recently affected the production of MDH. Therefore, we evaluated the resistance of MDH to BW based on three separate inoculation experiments using challenges with 42 virulent BW strains from various regions of Japan. Thirty-five strains were virulent to California Wonder (CW), a sensitive cultivar and 26 strains were virulent to MDH, a resistant cultivar. Seven strains from potato and tobacco plants were not virulent on pepper. The average disease indices of the three experiments were significantly lower for MDH than for CW. Therefore, MDH is considered to display a partial resistance. This is the first report of BW resistance test in a partially resistant pepper cultivar using various strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, which cover all the categories of races (1, 3 and 4), biovars (N2, 3 and 4) and phylotypes (Iand IV) reported in Japan. Therefore, MDH may be useful as a standard for partial resistance to BW to evaluate the resistance of Capsicum germplasm and virulence of R. solanacearum strains.
{"title":"Kyoto-Manganji No. 1 pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar as a standard for partial resistance to bacterial wilt disease","authors":"Yutaka Mimura, M. Yoshikawa, M. Hirai","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.98","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith (species complex) is one of the most serious diseases of peppers in tropical and subtropical regions and in warm temperate regions such as Japan. The pepper cultivar, Kyoto-Manganji No. 1 (MDH) (Capsicum annuum L.), is a double haploid and was bred from a landrace in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Although it has been reported that MDH is resistant to BW, virulent BW strains such as KP9547 have recently affected the production of MDH. Therefore, we evaluated the resistance of MDH to BW based on three separate inoculation experiments using challenges with 42 virulent BW strains from various regions of Japan. Thirty-five strains were virulent to California Wonder (CW), a sensitive cultivar and 26 strains were virulent to MDH, a resistant cultivar. Seven strains from potato and tobacco plants were not virulent on pepper. The average disease indices of the three experiments were significantly lower for MDH than for CW. Therefore, MDH is considered to display a partial resistance. This is the first report of BW resistance test in a partially resistant pepper cultivar using various strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, which cover all the categories of races (1, 3 and 4), biovars (N2, 3 and 4) and phylotypes (Iand IV) reported in Japan. Therefore, MDH may be useful as a standard for partial resistance to BW to evaluate the resistance of Capsicum germplasm and virulence of R. solanacearum strains.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124580183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Amorphophallus bulbifer and Amorphophallus muelleri, five seedlings develop sequentially in a year when seeds are sown, and two seedlings develop when bulbils are used as planting materials. This growth mode of release of multiple seedlings contrasts with the traditional growth mode of commonly grown konjak species, i.e. production of one corm by a single seedling. In the present study, the propagation rate and the bulking rate were compared between the relay seedling release mode and one seedling release mode. The propagation coefficients were 1, 10 and 330 when seed corms, bulbils and seeds were used as planting materials, respectively. The bulking rates were 6,000 and 100 when seeds and bulbils were planted, whereas 4-6 when seedlings were raised directly from a corm. Cultivation under greenhouse conditions enhanced the germination and prevented the onset of dormancy. As a result, the cultivation period was prolonged from 6 to 9-10 months. The prolongation of the growth period and the multiple seedling release mode may enable to produce a big corm within a year; two years earlier under greenhouse conditions than under field conditions. It is likely that the yield potential of cultivated species of konjak which is presently low could be enhanced if seedlings derived from seeds were grown in a greenhouse.
{"title":"Mechanism of Staggered Multiple Seedling Production from Amorphophallus bulbifer and Amorphophallus muelleri and its Application to Cultivation in Southeast Asia","authors":"Donghua Zhang, Qingping Wang, S. George","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.84","url":null,"abstract":"In Amorphophallus bulbifer and Amorphophallus muelleri, five seedlings develop sequentially in a year when seeds are sown, and two seedlings develop when bulbils are used as planting materials. This growth mode of release of multiple seedlings contrasts with the traditional growth mode of commonly grown konjak species, i.e. production of one corm by a single seedling. In the present study, the propagation rate and the bulking rate were compared between the relay seedling release mode and one seedling release mode. The propagation coefficients were 1, 10 and 330 when seed corms, bulbils and seeds were used as planting materials, respectively. The bulking rates were 6,000 and 100 when seeds and bulbils were planted, whereas 4-6 when seedlings were raised directly from a corm. Cultivation under greenhouse conditions enhanced the germination and prevented the onset of dormancy. As a result, the cultivation period was prolonged from 6 to 9-10 months. The prolongation of the growth period and the multiple seedling release mode may enable to produce a big corm within a year; two years earlier under greenhouse conditions than under field conditions. It is likely that the yield potential of cultivated species of konjak which is presently low could be enhanced if seedlings derived from seeds were grown in a greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122172305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Maeda, Y. Yonemoto, H. Higuchi, M. Hossain, M. Fumuro, Kousuke Shimizu
{"title":"Effect of temperature on flowering time of Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. f. inerme Makino) tree after breaking of dormancy","authors":"T. Maeda, Y. Yonemoto, H. Higuchi, M. Hossain, M. Fumuro, Kousuke Shimizu","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"726 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132320524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of casparian strip in roots of Metroxylon sagu, a salt-resistant palm","authors":"W. Prathumyot, H. Ehara","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114513175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pachakkil Babil, H. Kikuno, H. Shiwachi, H. Toyohara, J. Fujigaki, H. Fujimaki, R. Asiedu
{"title":"Optimum Time for Collection of Root Samples for Chromosome Observation in Yams (Dioscorea spp.)","authors":"Pachakkil Babil, H. Kikuno, H. Shiwachi, H. Toyohara, J. Fujigaki, H. Fujimaki, R. Asiedu","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126876393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Karyotype and 18S rDNA loci of edible Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi subsp. ma-yuen) from Southeast and East Asia","authors":"J. Miyamoto, Y. Ochiai","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115870913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Two GIS-based Modeling Frameworks to Identify Suitable Lands for Sugarcane Cultivation","authors":"P. Jayasinghe, Masao Yoshida","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131983073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Adachi, S. Miyagawa, M. Seko, Kouzou Kamiya, S. Sivilay, Eisuke Ono
Yield and yield components of rice were analyzed in a total of 113 paddy fields in a typical rice-growing village in the central plain of Laos in order to determine how rain-fed lowland rice production could be improved. Average grain weight decreased significantly from 242.3 g m-2 in 2005 to 154.1 g m-2 in 2006 due to low rainfall in June, August and September. High-yield plots were located near the settlement or drainage channels in both years, and received water from the settlement or drainage channels. All the yield component values, as well as straw weight, decreased significantly in 2006 except for 1000-grain weight. The variations in yields and yield components were extremely large, especially in 2006. Plots with small numbers of spikelets per m2 and a low percentage of ripened grains were observed in 2006. These plots tended to be transplanted later, mainly in August, and were located far from the settlement. The variation in grain weight was closely related to the straw weight, number of spikelets per m2 and number of spikelets per panicle in both years. Correlation coefficient analysis suggested that the higher volumetric water content of surface soil and the planting of improved cultivars were more effective for increasing grain weight than fertilizer application, soil properties, transplanting period, growth duration or plot altitude.
对老挝中部平原一个典型水稻种植村庄的113块稻田的水稻产量和产量组成部分进行了分析，以确定如何提高雨养低地水稻生产。由于6月、8月和9月降雨量少，平均粒重从2005年的242.3 g m-2下降到2006年的154.1 g m-2。高产地块均位于沉降或排水通道附近，从沉降或排水通道取水。除千粒重外，2006年各产量组成值及秸秆重均显著下降。产量和产量构成的变化非常大，特别是在2006年。2006年观察到每平方米小穗数和成熟粒率较低的地块。这些地块往往移植较晚，主要是在8月，并且位于远离定居点的地方。籽粒重的变化与秸秆重、每m2颖花数和每穗颖花数密切相关。相关系数分析表明，提高表层土壤体积含水量和种植改良品种比施肥、土壤性质、移栽期、生育期和畦高对提高籽粒重更有效。
{"title":"Analysis of Effects of Environmental Factors and Cultivation Practices on Variation in Rice Yield in Rain-fed Paddy Fields of the Central Plain of Laos","authors":"Y. Adachi, S. Miyagawa, M. Seko, Kouzou Kamiya, S. Sivilay, Eisuke Ono","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.35","url":null,"abstract":"Yield and yield components of rice were analyzed in a total of 113 paddy fields in a typical rice-growing village in the central plain of Laos in order to determine how rain-fed lowland rice production could be improved. Average grain weight decreased significantly from 242.3 g m-2 in 2005 to 154.1 g m-2 in 2006 due to low rainfall in June, August and September. High-yield plots were located near the settlement or drainage channels in both years, and received water from the settlement or drainage channels. All the yield component values, as well as straw weight, decreased significantly in 2006 except for 1000-grain weight. The variations in yields and yield components were extremely large, especially in 2006. Plots with small numbers of spikelets per m2 and a low percentage of ripened grains were observed in 2006. These plots tended to be transplanted later, mainly in August, and were located far from the settlement. The variation in grain weight was closely related to the straw weight, number of spikelets per m2 and number of spikelets per panicle in both years. Correlation coefficient analysis suggested that the higher volumetric water content of surface soil and the planting of improved cultivars were more effective for increasing grain weight than fertilizer application, soil properties, transplanting period, growth duration or plot altitude.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126258339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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