The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of the Scale for Total Impression of Drawings (STID) in the assessment of the tree-drawing test. Forty-three tree-drawing tests were evaluated by three raters using the STID. The validity of the factor structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A three-factor model of “vitality” (? = 0.90), “gentleness” (? = 0.89), and “reality” (? = 0.89) was confirmed and the fit indexes were adequate (CFI =.984, RMSEA =.076).
{"title":"Application of the Scale for Total Impression of Drawings for the Tree-drawing Test","authors":"Tomoe Hibarino, Daiki Kato","doi":"10.22158/jpbr.v4n4p47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v4n4p47","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of the Scale for Total Impression of Drawings (STID) in the assessment of the tree-drawing test. Forty-three tree-drawing tests were evaluated by three raters using the STID. The validity of the factor structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A three-factor model of “vitality” (? = 0.90), “gentleness” (? = 0.89), and “reality” (? = 0.89) was confirmed and the fit indexes were adequate (CFI =.984, RMSEA =.076).","PeriodicalId":118828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128265799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evidences that the alcoholic drink does not allow an appropriate selection of stimuli in the player. It was consumed by male college basketball players. The result demonstrated relevant variability on the AUDIT-10 between heavy drinkers and at-risk drinkers. Overall, the HVOT scores show a great failure rate in the task of assembling fragmented and disorganized figures. The results show a visuospatial deficit in trained athletes. The failure of the estimating score on the shooting task while running, among heavy drinkers, is 66.66% with “left eye open”, and 13.33% with “right eye open”. The deleterious effects of alcohol are of the order of 3.3% “right eye open” and 66.6% “left eye open” in high-risk drinkers. Among high-risk drinkers, failure scores are estimated at 54.54% with “right eye open”, 72.72% with “left eye open”. The attraction between basket and “right eye open” is 49.9%, and it is 6% with “left eye open”. But other psychopathological disorders would coexist with those of visual attention.
{"title":"Alcohol-related Visual Attention Disorders on Hand-Eye Coordination Failure in Basketball Players","authors":"P. J. A. Tsiama, Eric K. Moukala","doi":"10.22158/jpbr.v4n4p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v4n4p1","url":null,"abstract":"This study evidences that the alcoholic drink does not allow an appropriate selection of stimuli in the player. It was consumed by male college basketball players. The result demonstrated relevant variability on the AUDIT-10 between heavy drinkers and at-risk drinkers. Overall, the HVOT scores show a great failure rate in the task of assembling fragmented and disorganized figures. The results show a visuospatial deficit in trained athletes. The failure of the estimating score on the shooting task while running, among heavy drinkers, is 66.66% with “left eye open”, and 13.33% with “right eye open”. The deleterious effects of alcohol are of the order of 3.3% “right eye open” and 66.6% “left eye open” in high-risk drinkers. Among high-risk drinkers, failure scores are estimated at 54.54% with “right eye open”, 72.72% with “left eye open”. The attraction between basket and “right eye open” is 49.9%, and it is 6% with “left eye open”. But other psychopathological disorders would coexist with those of visual attention.","PeriodicalId":118828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121934549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ghassemzadeh, R. Firoozikhojastefar, F. Raisi, A. Meysamie, S. Bahmani
Aim: Modified versions of the Stroop task have been used in various kinds of clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to develop a Sexual Stroop Task.Method: This study consists of two phases. First phase included designing the sexual Stroop task after searching and selecting Persian sexual and neutral words, and the second phase was related to the pilot study. For finding Persian sexual words, we used four different methods but for neutral words we used the words used in other Stroop studies. Then, we came up with 2 general categories as neutral and sexual words which were randomly specified as green and red colors. The developed computerized version of the Sexual Stroop Task was run on 69 participants as a pilot study. Results: Participants (N=69) had longer response times for words related to sex in comparison to neutral words. And the total time which was spent on sexual words was more than the total time for neutral words. The percentage of the correct neutral words was also higher than correct neutral words.Conclusion: This preliminary study presented a new version of emotional Stoop test that seems to be a promising instrument to study the neuropsychological aspects of sexuality.
{"title":"Development and Testing of a Modified Version of Stroop Test for the Assessment of Sexual Functioning: A Modified Sexual Stroop Test in Persian Language (MSST-Persian)","authors":"H. Ghassemzadeh, R. Firoozikhojastefar, F. Raisi, A. Meysamie, S. Bahmani","doi":"10.22158/jpbr.v4n4p22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v4n4p22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Modified versions of the Stroop task have been used in various kinds of clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to develop a Sexual Stroop Task.Method: This study consists of two phases. First phase included designing the sexual Stroop task after searching and selecting Persian sexual and neutral words, and the second phase was related to the pilot study. For finding Persian sexual words, we used four different methods but for neutral words we used the words used in other Stroop studies. Then, we came up with 2 general categories as neutral and sexual words which were randomly specified as green and red colors. The developed computerized version of the Sexual Stroop Task was run on 69 participants as a pilot study. Results: Participants (N=69) had longer response times for words related to sex in comparison to neutral words. And the total time which was spent on sexual words was more than the total time for neutral words. The percentage of the correct neutral words was also higher than correct neutral words.Conclusion: This preliminary study presented a new version of emotional Stoop test that seems to be a promising instrument to study the neuropsychological aspects of sexuality.","PeriodicalId":118828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117319189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The key question is that do the new activities mean you are not so bored which could cure the feelings of being locked up? They can distract you with keeping busy but it doesn’t change that the hospital environment feels like living in an institution. Even with the new surroundings it still has the feel of a hospital. You can put up with this for a while but not forever and after a while feelings of being in hospital will outweigh the activities which may distract you.
{"title":"Confinement and Activities","authors":"Anony Mous","doi":"10.22158/jpbr.v4n3p22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v4n3p22","url":null,"abstract":"The key question is that do the new activities mean you are not so bored which could cure the feelings of being locked up? They can distract you with keeping busy but it doesn’t change that the hospital environment feels like living in an institution. Even with the new surroundings it still has the feel of a hospital. You can put up with this for a while but not forever and after a while feelings of being in hospital will outweigh the activities which may distract you.","PeriodicalId":118828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124268882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This account of schizophrenia details the journey we all take from the stress that triggers the illness to how we recover and relapse. There are a number of steps this goes through from beginning to end and it is argued if we are to understand everything that happens with schizophrenia it needs narrating as a linear story of what happens at each stage. This includes detailing the differing problems we go through and what can help during the different phases so we know what can help and hinder in the treatment of schizophrenia.
{"title":"A Journey through Schizophrenia","authors":"Anony Mous","doi":"10.22158/jpbr.v4n3p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v4n3p1","url":null,"abstract":"This account of schizophrenia details the journey we all take from the stress that triggers the illness to how we recover and relapse. There are a number of steps this goes through from beginning to end and it is argued if we are to understand everything that happens with schizophrenia it needs narrating as a linear story of what happens at each stage. This includes detailing the differing problems we go through and what can help during the different phases so we know what can help and hinder in the treatment of schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":118828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116083514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methodologies used in behavioral studies on the processing of figurative languages have been criticized for lack of sufficiently fine-grained recordings. Thus, recent literature on empirical studies on irony processing often talks about advantages of online-processing employing techniques with higher temporal resolution. This article reviews a series of selected Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERPs) and eye-tracking studies on the recognition and comprehension of verbal irony to provide an informed state of knowledge on this particular figurative language. First of all, we will introduce some common eye-tacking measures and ERP components recorded in these empirical studies; then we will enumerate factors involved in verbal irony processing from three differing but closely related dimensions. In this way, we expect to propose future research directions that could embrace more cognitive difference of individuals within the framework of theories about verbal irony comprehension.
{"title":"The Multi-Determined Nature of Online Verbal Irony Processing: A Review of Empirical Studies Employing Eye-Tracking and Event-Related Potentials","authors":"Zhongyang Sun","doi":"10.22158/jpbr.v4n2p55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v4n2p55","url":null,"abstract":"Methodologies used in behavioral studies on the processing of figurative languages have been criticized for lack of sufficiently fine-grained recordings. Thus, recent literature on empirical studies on irony processing often talks about advantages of online-processing employing techniques with higher temporal resolution. This article reviews a series of selected Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERPs) and eye-tracking studies on the recognition and comprehension of verbal irony to provide an informed state of knowledge on this particular figurative language. First of all, we will introduce some common eye-tacking measures and ERP components recorded in these empirical studies; then we will enumerate factors involved in verbal irony processing from three differing but closely related dimensions. In this way, we expect to propose future research directions that could embrace more cognitive difference of individuals within the framework of theories about verbal irony comprehension.","PeriodicalId":118828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130446080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tendencies and social adjustment in Japanese female university students from the perspective of a sense of Ibasho, particularly a sense of being accepted by others. Following the data collected from 121 female university students, a model based on the study hypothesis was constructed, and the validity was investigated by employing structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis revealed that while ASD tendencies decreased social adjustment directly, a sense of Ibasho buffered the negative causal effects of these tendencies.
{"title":"Autistic Spectrum Disorder Tendencies and Social Adjustment in Japanese Female University Students","authors":"Kaori Akiyama, Daiki Kato","doi":"10.22158/jpbr.v4n2p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v4n2p50","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tendencies and social adjustment in Japanese female university students from the perspective of a sense of Ibasho, particularly a sense of being accepted by others. Following the data collected from 121 female university students, a model based on the study hypothesis was constructed, and the validity was investigated by employing structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis revealed that while ASD tendencies decreased social adjustment directly, a sense of Ibasho buffered the negative causal effects of these tendencies.","PeriodicalId":118828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129987117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-regulated Learning (SRL) skills have been argued to be among the most important determinants of academic achievement. It has been observed that some cultural groups consistently exhibit higher achievement and cultural variation in SRL skills has also been observed. Understanding this variation could provide insight into how to promote SRL development in all children.This research examined how components of SRL are influenced by cultural variables, by testing models for individualist vs collectivist contexts, utilising constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to capture predicted differences in the motivational components. 70 children (35 each from White British [individualist] and Chinese [collectivist] backgrounds) aged between 8 and 11 years, were drawn from UK primary schools.Data were collected through on-task observation, task-related interview, and self-report questionnaire. Cross-sectional and correlational analyses examined relationships between these components, and whether cross-component influences differed according to cultural background. The principal finding was that culture impacts on the nature and operation of the motivational components of SRL, not the cognitive ones, with White British children exhibiting motivation based on personal experience and attitude; while Chinese children were motivated more by family expectations. These differences fed through to on-task effort and performance. The findings provide an impetus to cross-cultural research in SRL development by providing a model (SRL+TPB) that operationalises the interaction of cultural influences with SRL; and point to ways in which classroom interventions might utilise the patterns of effects observed.
{"title":"The Influence of Culture on the Development and Organisation of Self-Regulated Learning Skills","authors":"G. Sappor","doi":"10.22158/jpbr.v4n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v4n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Self-regulated Learning (SRL) skills have been argued to be among the most important determinants of academic achievement. It has been observed that some cultural groups consistently exhibit higher achievement and cultural variation in SRL skills has also been observed. Understanding this variation could provide insight into how to promote SRL development in all children.This research examined how components of SRL are influenced by cultural variables, by testing models for individualist vs collectivist contexts, utilising constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to capture predicted differences in the motivational components. 70 children (35 each from White British [individualist] and Chinese [collectivist] backgrounds) aged between 8 and 11 years, were drawn from UK primary schools.Data were collected through on-task observation, task-related interview, and self-report questionnaire. Cross-sectional and correlational analyses examined relationships between these components, and whether cross-component influences differed according to cultural background. The principal finding was that culture impacts on the nature and operation of the motivational components of SRL, not the cognitive ones, with White British children exhibiting motivation based on personal experience and attitude; while Chinese children were motivated more by family expectations. These differences fed through to on-task effort and performance. The findings provide an impetus to cross-cultural research in SRL development by providing a model (SRL+TPB) that operationalises the interaction of cultural influences with SRL; and point to ways in which classroom interventions might utilise the patterns of effects observed.","PeriodicalId":118828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124413166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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