Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021010011
S. Gazzoli
The use of georeferenced relational databases for the localisation of epigraphic findings is widely attested with important examples. However, in order to propose an increasingly accurate representation of information related to inscriptions, some methodological issues need to be highlighted and, if possible, solved. This paper will address the problem of the place of discovery of the inscription, which could be in situ or extra situm.
{"title":"QGIS and Epigraphy: In Situ and Extra Situm Inscriptions","authors":"S. Gazzoli","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010011","url":null,"abstract":"The use of georeferenced relational databases for the localisation of epigraphic findings is widely attested with important examples. However, in order to propose an increasingly accurate representation of information related to inscriptions, some methodological issues need to be highlighted and, if possible, solved. This paper will address the problem of the place of discovery of the inscription, which could be in situ or extra situm.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88141970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009033
Antoine Merlo, Wojciech Kaczan, Grégoire Léonard, H. Wirth
As ore quality declines in KGHM mines after continuous exploitation, it becomes increasingly relevant to extract as much economic value as possible from the mined ore while limiting the environmental impact. The recovery of cobalt from converter slag is a possible extraction route that can increase economic output at a limited environmental and logistic cost. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to assess the environmental impact of copper exploitation and to compare that impact with the estimated impact of cobalt extraction in the Lubin mine. In most impact categories, Co extraction would be responsible for less than 0.2% of the impact, while increasing economic output by 3.38%. Economic allocation shows that cobalt recovery is environmentally pertinent.
{"title":"Assessing the Environmental Pertinence of Cobalt Exploitation from Slag in KGHM Mines","authors":"Antoine Merlo, Wojciech Kaczan, Grégoire Léonard, H. Wirth","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009033","url":null,"abstract":"As ore quality declines in KGHM mines after continuous exploitation, it becomes increasingly relevant to extract as much economic value as possible from the mined ore while limiting the environmental impact. The recovery of cobalt from converter slag is a possible extraction route that can increase economic output at a limited environmental and logistic cost. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to assess the environmental impact of copper exploitation and to compare that impact with the estimated impact of cobalt extraction in the Lubin mine. In most impact categories, Co extraction would be responsible for less than 0.2% of the impact, while increasing economic output by 3.38%. Economic allocation shows that cobalt recovery is environmentally pertinent.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73193817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009030
E. Szatyłowicz, I. Skoczko, Paweł Puzowski
Wastewater treatment operations focus on removing pollutants from wastewater to meet water quality standards for public health and environmental protection. However, in recent decades new sustainability targets for wastewater treatment plants have been postulated and implemented, which assume that energy is one of the key elements. Therefore, a transition from a negative energy balance (energy demand covered by external sources) to an energy-neutral or unevenly positive energy balance of wastewater treatment has been postulated. The carbon footprint (CF) is a new measure of sustainability in the wastewater sector for determining the overall impact of wastewater treatment plants on climate change. The following paper presents a method for estimating and assessing the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants.
{"title":"Method of Estimating the Carbon Footprint of Wastewater Treatment Plants","authors":"E. Szatyłowicz, I. Skoczko, Paweł Puzowski","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009030","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment operations focus on removing pollutants from wastewater to meet water quality standards for public health and environmental protection. However, in recent decades new sustainability targets for wastewater treatment plants have been postulated and implemented, which assume that energy is one of the key elements. Therefore, a transition from a negative energy balance (energy demand covered by external sources) to an energy-neutral or unevenly positive energy balance of wastewater treatment has been postulated. The carbon footprint (CF) is a new measure of sustainability in the wastewater sector for determining the overall impact of wastewater treatment plants on climate change. The following paper presents a method for estimating and assessing the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89110443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009031
Urszula Waszczuk, E. Zapora
Fungi are important components of every ecosystem. In nature, they play a significant role as decomposers, decomposing organic matter into simple compounds available for plants. They are a curious group of organisms that attracts more and more interest not only among mycologists and phytopathologists, but also geneticists, biochemists and physiologists. Metabolic products of arboreal fungi show multidirectional action, including in the field of biological protection against harmful phytopathogens. Particularly invasive and difficult to control are soil fungi, phytobacteria and phytoviruses, which are widely spread in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the variety of pathogens is constantly increasing, and new forms are rapidly emerging, often more resistant to the biological control agents used so far.
{"title":"Arboreal Fungi in Biological Control against Soil Fungi","authors":"Urszula Waszczuk, E. Zapora","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009031","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are important components of every ecosystem. In nature, they play a significant role as decomposers, decomposing organic matter into simple compounds available for plants. They are a curious group of organisms that attracts more and more interest not only among mycologists and phytopathologists, but also geneticists, biochemists and physiologists. Metabolic products of arboreal fungi show multidirectional action, including in the field of biological protection against harmful phytopathogens. Particularly invasive and difficult to control are soil fungi, phytobacteria and phytoviruses, which are widely spread in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the variety of pathogens is constantly increasing, and new forms are rapidly emerging, often more resistant to the biological control agents used so far.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83280373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009029
Yudum Bıyık, N. Baycan
A plastic can be turned into millions of fragments of microplastic particles by anthropogenic activities and environmental events (such as wind, UV light, and the water wave action). Due to their surface hydrophobicity, absorbance of persistent organic pollutants, potential to transport contaminants and persistent properties, microplastics have the potential to become widely dispersed in the water environment via hydrodynamic processes and water currents. Plastic materials are durable and, rather than decomposing, they break down into small plastic particles over time. These small particles of less than 5 mm are usually defined as microplastics. As a consequence of the large plastic production rates, plastic waste accumulation in the natural environment has rapidly increased worldwide. However, the effects of plastic wastes in different ecosystems are still largely unknown. Water and wastewater treatment plants are important facilities to estimate plastic waste release to or retention amounts in the environment. Sampling, analysis and standardization of measurements in microplastic analysis is still an ongoing issue. Since wastewater has a mixed matrix, very few microplastic measurements have been made so far. Furthermore, the lack of a standard and viable method to identify microplastics has limited the correct assessment of microplastics and may lead to an incorrect estimation. In this study, microplastic sampling techniques, extraction methods and identification methods of microplastics in wastewater were compared. It was concluded that studies were mostly performed with grap-type sampling, wet peroxite oxidation and identification methods with a microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). In the FTIR analysis to determine the polymer structure of microplastics, the most common type of polymers were found to be polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE).
{"title":"Comparison of Microplastic Detection Methods in Wastewater Treatment Plants","authors":"Yudum Bıyık, N. Baycan","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009029","url":null,"abstract":"A plastic can be turned into millions of fragments of microplastic particles by anthropogenic activities and environmental events (such as wind, UV light, and the water wave action). Due to their surface hydrophobicity, absorbance of persistent organic pollutants, potential to transport contaminants and persistent properties, microplastics have the potential to become widely dispersed in the water environment via hydrodynamic processes and water currents. Plastic materials are durable and, rather than decomposing, they break down into small plastic particles over time. These small particles of less than 5 mm are usually defined as microplastics. As a consequence of the large plastic production rates, plastic waste accumulation in the natural environment has rapidly increased worldwide. However, the effects of plastic wastes in different ecosystems are still largely unknown. Water and wastewater treatment plants are important facilities to estimate plastic waste release to or retention amounts in the environment. Sampling, analysis and standardization of measurements in microplastic analysis is still an ongoing issue. Since wastewater has a mixed matrix, very few microplastic measurements have been made so far. Furthermore, the lack of a standard and viable method to identify microplastics has limited the correct assessment of microplastics and may lead to an incorrect estimation. In this study, microplastic sampling techniques, extraction methods and identification methods of microplastics in wastewater were compared. It was concluded that studies were mostly performed with grap-type sampling, wet peroxite oxidation and identification methods with a microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). In the FTIR analysis to determine the polymer structure of microplastics, the most common type of polymers were found to be polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE).","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79157498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021010010
A. Albore, S. Malatesta, Christelle Molinié
Freely accessible online databases developed by cultural and artistic institutions (e.g., museums, libraries, universities, studios, etc.) enable the transnational dissemination of catalogues of cultural and creative works, exploiting the advantages of modern technologies. Intelligent tools, which use advanced algorithms to classify and contextualize data, can foster knowledge mainly in two ways: (1) providing a stable and accessible basis for large amounts of data; (2) promoting cultural heritage. A case of skillful use of such tools is the Saint-Raymond Museum, the archaeological museum of Toulouse. For several years it has been working on the open data front and on putting its catalogue online on Wikimedia platforms, in various forms.
{"title":"Open Cultural Data and MediaWiki Software for a Museum: The Use Case of Musée Saint-Raymond (Toulouse, France)","authors":"A. Albore, S. Malatesta, Christelle Molinié","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010010","url":null,"abstract":"Freely accessible online databases developed by cultural and artistic institutions (e.g., museums, libraries, universities, studios, etc.) enable the transnational dissemination of catalogues of cultural and creative works, exploiting the advantages of modern technologies. Intelligent tools, which use advanced algorithms to classify and contextualize data, can foster knowledge mainly in two ways: (1) providing a stable and accessible basis for large amounts of data; (2) promoting cultural heritage. A case of skillful use of such tools is the Saint-Raymond Museum, the archaeological museum of Toulouse. For several years it has been working on the open data front and on putting its catalogue online on Wikimedia platforms, in various forms.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78307586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009027
Natalia Taraszkiewicz
The development of sewage systems leads to an increase in people’s living standards and an improvement in the comfort of their daily lives. In 2021, the use of septic tanks is still a big issue; many of them are not properly sealed and can be harmful to the environment because of leakage. A good alternative for them is an individual sewage treatment plant. There are many types of such investment. This paper focuses on the selection between three types of sewage treatment plants (a biological wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge and a constructed wasteland) using MCDA–AHP and TOPSIS methods.
{"title":"Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis in the Selection of Individual Sewage Treatment Plants","authors":"Natalia Taraszkiewicz","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009027","url":null,"abstract":"The development of sewage systems leads to an increase in people’s living standards and an improvement in the comfort of their daily lives. In 2021, the use of septic tanks is still a big issue; many of them are not properly sealed and can be harmful to the environment because of leakage. A good alternative for them is an individual sewage treatment plant. There are many types of such investment. This paper focuses on the selection between three types of sewage treatment plants (a biological wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge and a constructed wasteland) using MCDA–AHP and TOPSIS methods.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85478857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009028
Wojciech Kaczan, H. Wirth, J. Kudełko, Cezary Sroga
The article aims to summarize the current challenges for tailing piles and ponds geological-mining projects focusing on the waste deposited in southwestern Poland.
本文旨在总结当前的挑战，尾矿堆和池塘地质采矿项目的重点是在波兰西南部的废物沉积。
{"title":"Challenges in the Management of Mining Waste","authors":"Wojciech Kaczan, H. Wirth, J. Kudełko, Cezary Sroga","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009028","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to summarize the current challenges for tailing piles and ponds geological-mining projects focusing on the waste deposited in southwestern Poland.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86130464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-09DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009026
J. Gwoździej-Mazur, Dariusz Andraka, B. Kaźmierczak, W. Kruszyński
Monitoring and computer modeling of water networks is an effective tool supporting water management in the city. The aim of this paper is to present the results of measurement campaigns carried out in Polanica-Zdrój, preceding the construction, calibration and validation of the hydrodynamic model of the water supply network. The obtained results showed that the changed conditions of the functioning of the local community during a pandemic also significantly affect the way water is used. Daily distribution of water consumption by residents of multi-family housing has been significantly “flattened” due to remote work and extended time at home. This confirms the necessity to conduct on-line measurements in order to calibrate the model reliably and effectively use the results of computer simulations.
{"title":"On-Line Water Consumption Monitoring as a Tool for Optimal Management of Water Distribution Network","authors":"J. Gwoździej-Mazur, Dariusz Andraka, B. Kaźmierczak, W. Kruszyński","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009026","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring and computer modeling of water networks is an effective tool supporting water management in the city. The aim of this paper is to present the results of measurement campaigns carried out in Polanica-Zdrój, preceding the construction, calibration and validation of the hydrodynamic model of the water supply network. The obtained results showed that the changed conditions of the functioning of the local community during a pandemic also significantly affect the way water is used. Daily distribution of water consumption by residents of multi-family housing has been significantly “flattened” due to remote work and extended time at home. This confirms the necessity to conduct on-line measurements in order to calibrate the model reliably and effectively use the results of computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76644991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-03DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009025
D. Nagrockienė, K. Barkauskas
Every year, millions of tons of waste glass are generated all over the world and disposed in landfills. Utilization of this waste by substituting a certain share of cement in cement mortars can contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution in two aspects: the utilization of waste and the reduction of the cement content in cement-based mortars. The cement industry is responsible for approximately 6% of global CO2 emissions. Seven different mortar mixes, containing between 0% and 30% of waste glass powder added by weight of cement, were analyzed. The following physical and mechanical properties of the mortar mixes were measured: compressive strength, flexural strength, and density. The test results revealed that waste glass powder can be used in small amounts in cement-based mortars to reduce the amount of cement and to utilize waste glass. A higher performance, modified cement-based mortar can be produced for civil engineering applications by replacing 5% with waste glass powder. The linear regression equations obtained illustrate the relationships between the density and compressive strength, and between density and flexural strength at 28 days.
{"title":"Utilization of Waste Glass Powder in Cement Mortar","authors":"D. Nagrockienė, K. Barkauskas","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009025","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, millions of tons of waste glass are generated all over the world and disposed in landfills. Utilization of this waste by substituting a certain share of cement in cement mortars can contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution in two aspects: the utilization of waste and the reduction of the cement content in cement-based mortars. The cement industry is responsible for approximately 6% of global CO2 emissions. Seven different mortar mixes, containing between 0% and 30% of waste glass powder added by weight of cement, were analyzed. The following physical and mechanical properties of the mortar mixes were measured: compressive strength, flexural strength, and density. The test results revealed that waste glass powder can be used in small amounts in cement-based mortars to reduce the amount of cement and to utilize waste glass. A higher performance, modified cement-based mortar can be produced for civil engineering applications by replacing 5% with waste glass powder. The linear regression equations obtained illustrate the relationships between the density and compressive strength, and between density and flexural strength at 28 days.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91491885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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