European Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

Good sleep quality is known to be associated with improved mental health, and vice-versa. However, the longitudinal association between mental health early in life and sleep later in life has not yet been rigorously investigated. The existence of such a relationship could imply that poor childhood mental health has lasting effects on sleep and, by extension, on physical health and mortality in the longer term. We used data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (N = 16 585). To operationalise childhood mental health, we separately analysed seven measures collected between the ages of 5 and 16. The outcome measures were self-reported, diary-derived and accelerometry-derived median nightly sleep duration at age 46. We conducted modified Poisson regression analyses with multiple imputation by chained equations. All seven measures of childhood mental health were positively associated with abnormal self-reported sleep duration. Five were associated with abnormal diary-derived estimates and four were associated with abnormal estimates from an accelerometry-based algorithm. Controlling for adult mental health symptoms post hoc attenuated the associations with self-reported sleep duration but not with the more objective estimates. This study provides clear evidence that poor mental health in childhood is associated with abnormal nightly sleep duration at age 46. Post-hoc analyses suggest that this effect might not be entirely mediated by mental health in adulthood. Presence of adult mental health symptoms may instead drive measurement error in self-reported sleep duration, and therefore result in biased estimates of the association with mental health earlier in life.

The recent Swedish study by Rietz Liljedahl et al. examining melanoma riskamong tattooed individuals has prompted critical discussion regarding a potential causal linkbetween tattoos and melanoma. While concerns persist that tattoo pigments deposited in thedermis may induce melanoma, several lines of evidence argue against this hypothesis, includingthe rarity of melanomas arising within tattoos, low incidence reported in nationwide studies, andthe absence of cases involving multiple melanomas within a single tattoo. Importantly, mostmelanomas in the Swedish study were not located at tattoo sites, and recent studies from theUnited States and France failed to demonstrate a positive association, with one reporting adecreased melanoma risk among individuals with multiple large tattoos. Experimental data evensuggest a possible protective effect of black ink on UV penetration. The study's interpretation isfurther limited by insufficient consideration of established melanoma risk factors, includingfamilial history, number of nevi, childhood sunburns, and sunbed use, the latter showing a highlysignificant association. Methodological issues also arise from the inclusion of dysplastic nevi withhigh-grade atypia as melanoma in situ, despite the lack of diagnostic consensus and poorinterobserver reliability. Moreover, comparisons between tattoo-related hydrocarbon exposureand occupational exposure in the petroleum industry are inappropriate due to substantialdifferences in magnitude, duration, and route of exposure. Overall, the study appears tooveremphasize hypothetical systemic effects of tattoo pigments while underestimating well-established behavioral and phenotypic risk factors. Current evidence does not support a directcausal link between tattoos and melanoma.