European Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

In recent years, acute cardiovascular effects of high energy drink (ED) consumption have been described, but no data are available on chronic high consumption of EDs and cardiovascular risk in adolescents. As a first study, the present study investigated differences in a variety of cardiological parameters in adolescents (aged 15-18 years) with a chronic high consumption of EDs (ED consumption: ≥ four days/week for ≥ last 12 months, > 3 mg caffeine from EDs/kg bodyweight/day) compared to a control group. In study phase 1 of the cross-sectional EDKAR-study, data from 5100 pupils in Berlin (Germany) on their ED consumption and lifestyle factors were assessed using an online questionnaire. Based on these, adolescents with a chronic high ED consumption (n = 97) and a control group (n = 160) were cardiologically examined at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters were assessed. Cardiological risk factors like educational background, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep duration were investigated. The study noticed no significant and/or clinically relevant differences in any of the cardiological parameters e.g., heart rate (Chronic high ED consumption: Geometric mean (95%-CI): 74.8 BPM (68.5-81.8) vs. control group: 71.9 BPM (65.2-79.2), p = 0.23). However, half of the high consumers reported having experienced adverse effects after consuming EDs. Furthermore, adolescents with chronic high ED consumption reported a considerably higher intake of alcohol, higher smoking rates and shorter sleep duration in comparison to the control group. Accordingly, chronic high ED consumption is associated with lifestyle factors with a potential negative impact on the cardiovascular system.

The associations of coffee and tea intake with long-term risk of dementia have not been thoroughly established. Additionally, the potential mediating roles of circulating inflammatory biomarkers in these associations remain less explored. We included 6,001 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2013-2020) and 2,650 participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort (FOS, 1998-2018), all free of dementia at baseline. Coffee and tea intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in both cohorts. Dementia diagnosis was ascertained using a validated algorithm and clinical review panel. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to evaluate the associations of coffee and tea intake with dementia. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether circulating inflammatory biomarkers mediated these associations. During a median follow-up of 7.0 years in HRS and 11.1 years in FOS, 231 individuals in HRS and 204 in FOS developed all-cause dementia. Compared with intake of less than 1 cup of coffee per day, consuming ≥ 2 cups daily had a 28-37% lower risk of dementia (Hazards ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52, 0.99, P-trend = 0.045 in HRS; HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.90, P-trend = 0.015 in FOS). Compared to non-consumers, moderate tea consumption was associated with a lower dementia risk in HRS (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.89 for > 0 to < 1 cup/day; HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.94 for ≥ 1 to < 2 cups/day), but no significant association was observed in FOS. In the mediation analysis, the association between coffee intake and dementia was partially mediated by interleukin-10 (IL-10, 29.30%), Cystatin C (24.45%), C-reactive protein (CRP, 16.54%), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA, 11.06%), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR-1, 10.78%). In conclusion, higher coffee consumption (≥ 2 cups per day) is associated with a lower risk of dementia, partially mediated by a set of inflammatory biomarkers. Moderate intake of tea (0-2 cups per day) may relate to a lower risk of dementia. Further large-scale observational and interventional studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Clinical trials have shown favorable effects of exercise on frailty, supporting physical activity (PA) as a treatment and prevention strategy. Proteomics studies suggest that PA alters levels of many proteins, some of which may function as molecules in the biological processes underlying frailty. However, these studies have focused on structured exercise programs or cross-sectional PA-protein associations. Therefore, the effects of long-term PA on frailty-associated proteins remain unknown. Among 14,898 middle-aged adults, we emulated a target trial that assigned individuals to either (i) achieve and maintain the recommended PA level (≥ 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) through 6 (± 0.3) years of follow-up or (ii) follow a "natural course" strategy, where all individuals engage in various amounts of habitual MVPA. We estimated the effects of long-term adherence to recommended MVPA versus the natural course strategy on 45 previously identified frailty-associated proteins at the end of the follow-up using inverse probability of weighting (IPW) and iterative conditional expectations (ICE). We found that long-term adherence to recommended MVPA improved the population levels of many frailty-associated proteins (ranged from 0.04 to 0.11 standard deviation); the greatest benefits were seen in proteins involved in the nervous system (e.g., voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [CACNA2D3], contactin-1 [CNTN1], neural cell adhesion molecule 1 [NCAM1], and transmembrane protein 132D [TMEM132D]) and inflammation (e.g., high-temperature requirement serine protease A1 [HTRA1] and C-reactive protein [CRP]). Our findings suggest improved nervous system and reduced inflammation as the biological basis of long-term engagement in adequate PA as an intervention strategy for frailty.