Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2020.01.en018
B. Dima, Balázs Kotosz, S. Dima
This study explores the use of data envelopment analysis with bias correction of technical efficiency scores to measure ‘efficiency’ in early childhood and primary education. It also advances a potential framework derived from the ‘human capital paradigm’ to support the selection of inputs and outputs in efficiency assessment. Finally, it illustrates some specific features of early childhood and primary education in Europe (as well as the United States and Japan as referential countries) and provides empirical evidence on the heterogeneity of ‘education technologies’ and their performances among these countries. It is found that Nordic countries have the highest output-based technical efficiency.
{"title":"Early childhood and primary education efficiency in Europe: a data envelopment analysis approach","authors":"B. Dima, Balázs Kotosz, S. Dima","doi":"10.35618/hsr2020.01.en018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2020.01.en018","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the use of data envelopment analysis with bias correction of technical efficiency scores to measure ‘efficiency’ in early childhood and primary education. It also advances a potential framework derived from the ‘human capital paradigm’ to support the selection of inputs and outputs in efficiency assessment. Finally, it illustrates some specific features of early childhood and primary education in Europe (as well as the United States and Japan as referential countries) and provides empirical evidence on the heterogeneity of ‘education technologies’ and their performances among these countries. It is found that Nordic countries have the highest output-based technical efficiency.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129414414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2021.02.en018
Isaiah Juma Maket
Since the publication of the Malthusian population principle, the overall impact of population change on economic growth has provoked huge debates that have challenged pessimistic and optimistic postulations. Pessimists’ research posits that population growth puts a strain on government services. Conversely, optimists agree that population increase is a key component of economic growth through expanded specialisation and increased labour resources. Considering these conflicts in the literature, the Malthusian population principle and the partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) are used by the author to assess the impact of population dynamics on economic growth in Kenya by incorporating the effects of education and health expenditures. The results show that population dynamics influence economic growth both directly and indirectly, with their indirect impact reinforcing the pessimistic argument that an increase in population dynamics growth has a negative effect on economic growth. Without doubt, the Kenyan working population has high health- and education-related needs, which is causing a slowdown in economic growth. The study suggests that state agencies develop and implement various policy programs focusing on public health and active involvement of the population in economic activities.
{"title":"Population dynamics and economic growth in Kenya","authors":"Isaiah Juma Maket","doi":"10.35618/hsr2021.02.en018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2021.02.en018","url":null,"abstract":"Since the publication of the Malthusian population principle, the overall impact of population change on economic growth has provoked huge debates that have challenged pessimistic and optimistic postulations. Pessimists’ research posits that population growth puts a strain on government services. Conversely, optimists agree that population increase is a key component of economic growth through expanded specialisation and increased labour resources. Considering these conflicts in the literature, the Malthusian population principle and the partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) are used by the author to assess the impact of population dynamics on economic growth in Kenya by incorporating the effects of education and health expenditures. The results show that population dynamics influence economic growth both directly and indirectly, with their indirect impact reinforcing the pessimistic argument that an increase in population dynamics growth has a negative effect on economic growth. Without doubt, the Kenyan working population has high health- and education-related needs, which is causing a slowdown in economic growth. The study suggests that state agencies develop and implement various policy programs focusing on public health and active involvement of the population in economic activities.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122592031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2019.02.en079
Klaudia Máté-Bella, Ildikó Ritzl-Kazimir
{"title":"Analysis of the Hungarian insurance sector’s gross value added from 2003 to 2017","authors":"Klaudia Máté-Bella, Ildikó Ritzl-Kazimir","doi":"10.35618/hsr2019.02.en079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2019.02.en079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122296872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2019.02.en051
Zsuzsanna Zsibók
The dynamics of GDP (gross domestic product) and its spatial distribution are constantly at the forefront of economic and regional studies. This study intends to understand better Hungarian subnational economic processes by checking the predictive capacity of various extrapolative forecasting techniques with out-of-sample testing. The author focuses on a top-down projection method that allocates regional GDP based on an existing, external, national-level, long-term projection. GDP is analysed in its aggregate value and in a decomposition followed in the growth accounting literature. The main question of the out-of-sample tests is the level of usefulness of historical nationaland regional-level data in predicting Hungarian regional-level GDP in the long run. The author proposes a specific weighting scheme that combines past regional-level growth rates and predicted national-level growth rates to arrive at different regional-level predictions. She concludes that during the relatively short test period, the average historical inter-regional distribution did not have a determining role in predicting future regional GDP values. The nationallevel growth processes largely explain regional-level GDP, and the use of certain combinations of past regional-level growth rates and predicted national-level growth rates are recommended to project regional GDP in the long run.
{"title":"Extrapolative techniques’ predictive capacity in the spatial downscaling of the Hungarian gross domestic product","authors":"Zsuzsanna Zsibók","doi":"10.35618/hsr2019.02.en051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2019.02.en051","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of GDP (gross domestic product) and its spatial distribution are constantly at the forefront of economic and regional studies. This study intends to understand better Hungarian subnational economic processes by checking the predictive capacity of various extrapolative forecasting techniques with out-of-sample testing. The author focuses on a top-down projection method that allocates regional GDP based on an existing, external, national-level, long-term projection. GDP is analysed in its aggregate value and in a decomposition followed in the growth accounting literature. The main question of the out-of-sample tests is the level of usefulness of historical nationaland regional-level data in predicting Hungarian regional-level GDP in the long run. The author proposes a specific weighting scheme that combines past regional-level growth rates and predicted national-level growth rates to arrive at different regional-level predictions. She concludes that during the relatively short test period, the average historical inter-regional distribution did not have a determining role in predicting future regional GDP values. The nationallevel growth processes largely explain regional-level GDP, and the use of certain combinations of past regional-level growth rates and predicted national-level growth rates are recommended to project regional GDP in the long run.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124241955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2022.01.en075
Gergely Géczi, Zoltán Baracskai
Professional ice hockey provides a great environment for studying the antifragile behaviour of teams because of publicly available results and statistics. This study examines three-goal events in which a team gave up a goal but responded by scoring two goals. Thirty-four ice hockey games are studied from the last ten seasons of the Hungarian first league to identify the events’ characteristics and to determine whether antifragile behaviour emerged in these events. The results indicate that if the opponent scores first and has a one- or two-goal lead, the team that responds with two goals after strengthening the line exhibits a convex and, therefore, an antifragile behaviour. Antifragility has been found in 22 cases, lending support to the assumption that antifragile behaviour emerges from high-level cooperation.
{"title":"Statistical analysis of antifragility in Hungarian ice hockey games","authors":"Gergely Géczi, Zoltán Baracskai","doi":"10.35618/hsr2022.01.en075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2022.01.en075","url":null,"abstract":"Professional ice hockey provides a great environment for studying the antifragile behaviour of teams because of publicly available results and statistics. This study examines three-goal events in which a team gave up a goal but responded by scoring two goals. Thirty-four ice hockey games are studied from the last ten seasons of the Hungarian first league to identify the events’ characteristics and to determine whether antifragile behaviour emerged in these events. The results indicate that if the opponent scores first and has a one- or two-goal lead, the team that responds with two goals after strengthening the line exhibits a convex and, therefore, an antifragile behaviour. Antifragility has been found in 22 cases, lending support to the assumption that antifragile behaviour emerges from high-level cooperation.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129069220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2021.02.en003
Betsabé Pérez Pérez Garrido, Szabolcs Szilárd Sebrek, V. Semenova
In many applications of linear programming, the lack of exact information results in various problems. Nevertheless, these types of problems can be handled using fuzzy linear programming. This study aims to compare different ranking functions for solving fuzzy linear programming problems in which the coefficients of the objective function (the cost vector) are fuzzy numbers. A numerical example is introduced from the field of tourism and then solved using five ranking functions. Computations were carried out using the FuzzyLP package implemented in the statistical software R.
{"title":"Comparing different ranking functions for solving fuzzy linear programming problems with fuzzy cost coefficients","authors":"Betsabé Pérez Pérez Garrido, Szabolcs Szilárd Sebrek, V. Semenova","doi":"10.35618/hsr2021.02.en003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2021.02.en003","url":null,"abstract":"In many applications of linear programming, the lack of exact information results in various problems. Nevertheless, these types of problems can be handled using fuzzy linear programming. This study aims to compare different ranking functions for solving fuzzy linear programming problems in which the coefficients of the objective function (the cost vector) are fuzzy numbers. A numerical example is introduced from the field of tourism and then solved using five ranking functions. Computations were carried out using the FuzzyLP package implemented in the statistical software R.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134143116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/HSR2019.01.EN090
Betsabé Pérez Pérez Garrido, Szabolcs Szilárd Sebrek
E-mail: sebrek@uni-corvinus.hu The present work aims to analyse the REBLUP (robust empirical best linear unbiased prediction) method as proposed by Sinha–Rao [2009] for computing robust estimators of variance components under the nested error unit-level model. It explains the theoretical and computational aspects associated with the REBLUP method to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approach. A Monte Carlo study is then conducted to analyse the method’s performance under different scenarios.
{"title":"Review of the REBLUP method for estimating variance components under the nested error model","authors":"Betsabé Pérez Pérez Garrido, Szabolcs Szilárd Sebrek","doi":"10.35618/HSR2019.01.EN090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/HSR2019.01.EN090","url":null,"abstract":"E-mail: sebrek@uni-corvinus.hu The present work aims to analyse the REBLUP (robust empirical best linear unbiased prediction) method as proposed by Sinha–Rao [2009] for computing robust estimators of variance components under the nested error unit-level model. It explains the theoretical and computational aspects associated with the REBLUP method to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approach. A Monte Carlo study is then conducted to analyse the method’s performance under different scenarios.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"1262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127986417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2021.01.en003
G. Mikulai, L. Kóczy
In our fast-growing world, we need to create increasingly efficient systems to ensure further growth and sustainability. This also applies to transportation, where a key limitation is the bottle-necks of road network capacity. To eliminate, or at least, to moderate these bottlenecks, they must first be localised. In this case study, a model is proposed to objectively identify the weak points of the road infrastructure in the Western Hungarian region, a typical part of the Hungarian road net-work, based on automated data input. This way, there is no need to visually analyse the road net-work on site, but it is possible to evaluate the available information and suggest efficient measures from the distance. The model is suitable for general application, meaning it can serve other regions or countries as well, and enables macro-level decision-makers to take steps to eliminate those weak points. A fuzzy signature rule base is applied by the authors, which systematically maps and models the various attributes of the road network. The model currently contains more than 20 independent variables as inputs, but they can be easily expanded or replaced if further inputs need to be included.
{"title":"Macro-level road network evaluation by fuzzy signature rule bases","authors":"G. Mikulai, L. Kóczy","doi":"10.35618/hsr2021.01.en003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2021.01.en003","url":null,"abstract":"In our fast-growing world, we need to create increasingly efficient systems to ensure further growth and sustainability. This also applies to transportation, where a key limitation is the bottle-necks of road network capacity. To eliminate, or at least, to moderate these bottlenecks, they must first be localised. In this case study, a model is proposed to objectively identify the weak points of the road infrastructure in the Western Hungarian region, a typical part of the Hungarian road net-work, based on automated data input. This way, there is no need to visually analyse the road net-work on site, but it is possible to evaluate the available information and suggest efficient measures from the distance. The model is suitable for general application, meaning it can serve other regions or countries as well, and enables macro-level decision-makers to take steps to eliminate those weak points. A fuzzy signature rule base is applied by the authors, which systematically maps and models the various attributes of the road network. The model currently contains more than 20 independent variables as inputs, but they can be easily expanded or replaced if further inputs need to be included.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116418984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2022.01.en029
Krisztina Kupa, L. Komlosi, Miklós Szerdahelyi
The study focuses on the development of virtual teams from the perspective of individuals by extending the theory of self-directed learning (SDL) beyond the extant research in nursing education and applying it to a sample of adult population working in virtual teams in Hungary. After finding the necessary theoretical steps to connect SDL with virtual teams, research was conducted to validate existing instruments or, if this is impossible, to develop a new SDL instrument for virtual teams. The results confirm the viability of the SDL theories in the context of teams that mostly work remotely. While the validity of known SDL readiness (SDLR) instruments developed for nursing education could not be reliably confirmed on the sample of working adults in virtual teams, it is supported by the conventional three-factor SDLR construct with a reduced item number. In this study, the authors advance a new measurement tool, referred to as SDLR9, which, while mirroring the three original factors known in the literature, also points to a higher-order latent SDLR variable.
{"title":"Evidence for a second-order latent construct of self-directed learning readiness in virtual teams in Hungary","authors":"Krisztina Kupa, L. Komlosi, Miklós Szerdahelyi","doi":"10.35618/hsr2022.01.en029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2022.01.en029","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the development of virtual teams from the perspective of individuals by extending the theory of self-directed learning (SDL) beyond the extant research in nursing education and applying it to a sample of adult population working in virtual teams in Hungary. After finding the necessary theoretical steps to connect SDL with virtual teams, research was conducted to validate existing instruments or, if this is impossible, to develop a new SDL instrument for virtual teams. The results confirm the viability of the SDL theories in the context of teams that mostly work remotely. While the validity of known SDL readiness (SDLR) instruments developed for nursing education could not be reliably confirmed on the sample of working adults in virtual teams, it is supported by the conventional three-factor SDLR construct with a reduced item number. In this study, the authors advance a new measurement tool, referred to as SDLR9, which, while mirroring the three original factors known in the literature, also points to a higher-order latent SDLR variable.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"8 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126005606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35618/hsr2020.01.en046
J. Krsteski
The next census in the Republic of North Macedonia is scheduled for 2021; its reference date is set for midnight, 31 March. The census will be conducted using a combined method, with data obtained from several administrative data sources. A working group was established to identify all state institutions with databases of interest to the census and to visit those institutions to investigate the use of each database. An initial assessment of the data sources was undertaken, according to a set of criteria that evaluated the form, characteristics and manner of updating of the available datasets. The databases of six institutions were selected, together with the databases of the statistical surveys conducted by the State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia: 1 . Ministry of Interior as the holder of the Citizens Register, 2 . Pension and Disability Insurance Fund whose database contains data on all pensioners and employees, 3 . Employment Service Agency with a database on both the employed and unemployed (job seekers), 4 . Ministry of Labour and Social Policy (having data on social transfers as a source of income), 5 . Ministry of Education and Science as the holder of the registers of pupils and students in primary and secondary schools, and 6 . Public Revenue Office.
{"title":"Development of a pre-census database and computer-assisted methodology for conducting the 2021 census in the Republic of North Macedonia","authors":"J. Krsteski","doi":"10.35618/hsr2020.01.en046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35618/hsr2020.01.en046","url":null,"abstract":"The next census in the Republic of North Macedonia is scheduled for 2021; its reference date is set for midnight, 31 March. The census will be conducted using a combined method, with data obtained from several administrative data sources. A working group was established to identify all state institutions with databases of interest to the census and to visit those institutions to investigate the use of each database. An initial assessment of the data sources was undertaken, according to a set of criteria that evaluated the form, characteristics and manner of updating of the available datasets. The databases of six institutions were selected, together with the databases of the statistical surveys conducted by the State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia: 1 . Ministry of Interior as the holder of the Citizens Register, 2 . Pension and Disability Insurance Fund whose database contains data on all pensioners and employees, 3 . Employment Service Agency with a database on both the employed and unemployed (job seekers), 4 . Ministry of Labour and Social Policy (having data on social transfers as a source of income), 5 . Ministry of Education and Science as the holder of the registers of pupils and students in primary and secondary schools, and 6 . Public Revenue Office.","PeriodicalId":119089,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Statistical Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131140122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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