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MCMC4Extremes: an R package for Bayesian inference for extremes and its extensions MCMC4Extremes:用于极值的贝叶斯推理及其扩展的R包
Pub Date : 2019-08-22 DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2019.1653914
W. V. M. E. Silva, F. Nascimento
The R package, MCMC4Extremes, provides functions which estimate posterior points for extreme-value distributions such as the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD), the Generalize Extreme Value (GEV...
R包MCMC4Extremes提供了估计极值分布的后验点的函数,如广义帕累托分布(GPD),广义极值分布(GEV…
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引用次数: 2
A Description Method for Formalizing Domain-Specific Modelling Language 一种形式化领域特定建模语言的描述方法
Pub Date : 2018-11-23 DOI: 10.32604/csse.2018.33.299
Tao Jiang
Many Domain-Specific Modelling Languages (DSML) can not formally define their semantics, which inevitably brings many problems, such as accurate description and automatic verification of model properties. In this paper, we propose a formal description method of the structural semantics of DSML for verifying consistency of models built based on DSML. Firstly, domain indicating structural semantics of DSML is formally defined based on algebra, and then, we briefly describe our framework for formalizing DSML and verifying consistency of DSML and its models and use a classic case to illustrate our approach; based on this, we construct an automatic translator for formalizing DSML and its models. Finally, many successful experiments on automatic translating and automatic verifying show feasibility of our formal approach
许多领域特定建模语言(Domain-Specific modeling language, DSML)不能形式化地定义其语义,这就不可避免地带来了模型属性的准确描述和自动验证等问题。本文提出了一种DSML结构语义的形式化描述方法,用于验证基于DSML构建的模型的一致性。首先,基于代数形式化地定义了DSML的表示结构语义的领域,然后简要描述了我们的DSML形式化框架以及验证DSML及其模型一致性的框架,并用一个经典案例说明了我们的方法;在此基础上,我们构建了一个用于形式化DSML及其模型的自动翻译器。最后,在自动翻译和自动验证方面的成功实验证明了该方法的可行性
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引用次数: 0
Reliable Approximated Number System with Exact Bounds and Three-Valued Logic 具有精确界和三值逻辑的可靠近似数系统
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.32604/csse.2018.33.447
Reeseo Cha, Wonhong Nam, Jin-Young Choi
Many programming languages provides mechanism to guarantee the error ranges of exact numbers and intervals. However, when they are integrated with unreliable approximated numbers, we cannot rely on the error-ranges anymore. Such unreliable error-ranges may cause serious errors in programs, and especially in safety critical systems they cost us huge amount of money and/or threaten human’s life. Hence, in this paper, we propose a novel number system to safely perform arithmetic operations with guaranteed error ranges. In the number system, exact numbers are separated from approximated numbers, and approximated numbers with strictly guaranteed error-ranges are again separated from unwarranted numbers such as floating-point numbers. A three-valued logic is also shipped with our number system to appropriately deal with uncertainties due to approximations. A prototype implementation of our number system in Python is demonstrated. With this module, we can more reliably execute operations on numbers and make judgments on the conditions involving numbers
许多编程语言提供了保证精确数字和间隔的误差范围的机制。然而,当它们与不可靠的近似值积分时,我们就不能再依赖误差范围了。这种不可靠的误差范围可能会导致程序出现严重的错误,特别是在安全关键系统中,它们会给我们造成巨大的损失,甚至威胁到人类的生命。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一种新的数字系统,可以在保证误差范围的情况下安全地进行算术运算。在数字系统中,精确数字与近似值分开,具有严格保证误差范围的近似值再次与不可靠的数字(如浮点数)分开。我们的数字系统还附带了一个三值逻辑,以适当地处理由于近似而产生的不确定性。在Python中演示了我们的数字系统的原型实现。有了这个模块,我们可以更可靠地对数字进行运算,并对涉及数字的情况做出判断
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引用次数: 0
The Definition and Numerical Method of Final Value Problem and Arbitrary Value Problem 终值问题和任意值问题的定义及数值方法
Pub Date : 2018-01-05 DOI: 10.32604/csse.2018.33.379
Shixio Wang, Jianhua He, Chen Wang, Xitong Li
Many Engineering Problems could be mathematically described by Final Value Problem, which is the inverse problem of Initial Value Problem. Accordingly, the paper studies the final value problem in the field of ODE problems and analyses the differences and relations between initial and final value problems. The more general new concept of the endpoints-value problem which could describe both initial and final problems is proposed. Further, we extend the concept into inner-interval value problem and arbitrary value problem and point out that both endpoints-value problem and inner-interval value problem are special forms of arbitrary value problem. Particularly, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of final value problem and inner-interval value problem of first order ordinary differential equation are proved for discrete problems. The numerical calculation formulas of the problems are derived, and for each algorithm, we propose the convergence and stability conditions of them. Furthermore, multivariate and high-order final value problems are further studied, and the condition of fixed delay is also discussed in this paper. At last, the effectiveness of the considered methods is validated by numerical experiment.
许多工程问题都可以用终值问题来描述,终值问题是初值问题的逆问题。因此,本文研究了ODE问题领域中的终值问题,分析了初值问题与终值问题的区别和联系。提出了更一般的端点值问题的新概念,它既可以描述初始问题,也可以描述最终问题。进一步将这一概念推广到区间内值问题和任意值问题,并指出端点值问题和区间内值问题都是任意值问题的特殊形式。特别地,对离散问题证明了一阶常微分方程终值问题和区间内值问题解的存在唯一性。导出了这些问题的数值计算公式,并给出了每个算法的收敛性和稳定性条件。进一步研究了多变量和高阶终值问题,并讨论了定时滞的条件。最后,通过数值实验验证了所考虑方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 5
Prediction and Abnormality Assertion on Emu Brake Pad Based on Multivariate Integrated Random Walk 基于多元积分随机游走的动车组刹车片异常预测与断言
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/csse.2018.33.351
H. Su, Shuangshuang Wang, Dengfei Wang
To better solve the issue with abnormal failure of electric motor unit (EMU) brake pad resulted from various random factors in the ever-changing operating environment, in this paper, a new evaluation method of performance prediction and abnormity decision is proposed based on the Multivariate integrated random walk (MIRW) model. In this method, the state space model of the EMU brake pad performance degradation is firstly established. And then based on the observed data, the brake pad performance degradation trend is extracted by the fixed interval forward - backward smoothing algorithm. Based on it, the future degradation state can be predicted by Kalman predictor. Based on the obtained state estimation values, abnormal failure tolerance range (AFTR) can be determined applying Grubbs criterion to judge whether the brake pad is being in abnormal state before reaching the final failure or not as a new sample appears. In addition, the cumulative failure probability of the brake pad is estimated in the degradation process. Finally, the thickness data of a certain type of EMU brake pad is applied to predict the future degradation state and determine the abnormal condition, and the result shows that the proposed method is more efficient and accurate.
为了更好地解决电动单元(EMU)刹车片在不断变化的运行环境中由于各种随机因素导致的异常失效问题,本文提出了一种基于多元积分随机游走(MIRW)模型的性能预测与异常决策评价方法。该方法首先建立了动车组刹车片性能退化的状态空间模型。然后根据实测数据,采用固定间隔前向-后向平滑算法提取刹车片性能退化趋势。在此基础上,用卡尔曼预测器对未来的退化状态进行预测。根据得到的状态估定值,应用Grubbs准则判断刹车片在达到最终失效前是否处于异常状态,是否在出现新样本时处于异常状态,从而确定异常失效容限范围(AFTR)。此外,还估算了刹车片在退化过程中的累积失效概率。最后,将某型动车组刹车片的厚度数据应用于未来退化状态的预测和异常状态的判断,结果表明该方法具有更高的效率和准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Improving Support Vector Domain Description by Maximizing the Distance Between Negative Examples and The Minimal Sphere Center's 利用极大化负例与最小球面中心之间的距离改进支持向量域描述
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/csse.2018.33.409
Mohamed el Boujnouni, M. Jedra
Support Vector Domain Description (SVDD) is an effective kernel-based method used for data description. It was motivated by the success of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and thus has inherited many of its attractive properties. It has been extensively used for novelty detection and has been applied successfully to a variety of classification problems. This classifier aims to find a sphere with minimal volume including the majority of examples that belong to the class of interest (positive) and excluding the most of examples that are either outliers or belong to other classes (negatives). In this paper we propose a new approach to improve the classification accuracy of SVDD. This objective will be achieved by exploiting the existence of negative examples in the training step, without increasing the computational time and memory resources required to solve the quadratic programming problem of that classifier. Simulation results on two challenging artificial problems, namely chessboard and two spirals, and four benchmark datasets have successfully validated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
支持向量域描述(SVDD)是一种有效的基于核的数据描述方法。它是由支持向量机(SVM)的成功所驱动的,因此继承了支持向量机的许多吸引人的特性。它已被广泛用于新颖性检测,并已成功地应用于各种分类问题。这个分类器的目标是找到一个体积最小的球体,其中包括属于感兴趣类别的大多数示例(正),并排除大多数异常值或属于其他类别的示例(负)。本文提出了一种提高SVDD分类精度的新方法。这一目标将通过利用训练步骤中存在的负例来实现,而不会增加解决该分类器的二次规划问题所需的计算时间和内存资源。在棋盘和两个螺旋这两个具有挑战性的人工问题以及4个基准数据集上的仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Robust quadratic discriminant analysis using Sn covariance 基于Sn协方差的稳健二次判别分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2020.1868512
Sajana O. Kunjunni, S. Abraham
Abstract This paper presents a robust method for robust estimation of quadratic discriminant analysis. The mean and covariance matrix for estimating quadratic discriminant rule is computed using a robust estimation method called Sn method established from a robust covariance estimator The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the results of simulated samples. This outlier detection method is compared with some well-known methods available in the current literature. The application of the proposed method in real-life data is also executed in this paper.
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引用次数: 0
The coefficient of determination in the ridge regression 岭回归的决定系数
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2019.1649421
A. Rodríguez-Sánchez, Román Salmerón-Gómez, Catalina García-García
Abstract In a linear regression, the coefficient of determination, R 2, is a relevant measure that represents the percentage of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by a set of independent variables. Thus, it measures the predictive ability of the estimated model. For an ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator, this coefficient is calculated from the decomposition of the sum of squares. However, when the model presents collinearity problems (a strong linear relation between the independent variables), the OLS estimation is unstable, and other estimation methodologies are proposed, with the ridge estimation being the most widely applied. This paper shows that the decomposition of the sum of squares is not verified in the ridge regression and proposes how the coefficient of determination should be calculated in this case.
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引用次数: 16
Topic Evolution Analysis in Social Networking Services: Taking Sina Weibo as an Example 社交网络服务中的话题演化分析——以新浪微博为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/csse.2018.33.287
Yuhui Wang
Event-related topics in social networking services are always the epitome of heated society issues, therefore determining the significance of analyzing its evolution patterns. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on the tweets about "ransomware" in Sina Weibo, a famous social networking service similar to twitter in China. The keyword corresponds to a global ransomware attack in May 2017, on which our example event-related topics are based. We collect text data from sina Weibo and vectorize each tweets, before using a dynamic topic model to discover the event-related topics. The results of the topic model are explainable enough and help us to understand the evolution of those topics more thoroughly
社交网络服务中的事件相关话题一直是社会热点问题的缩影,因此分析其演变模式具有重要意义。在本文中,我们对新浪微博上有关“勒索软件”的推文进行了全面调查。新浪微博是中国著名的类似twitter的社交网络服务。该关键字对应于2017年5月的全球勒索软件攻击,我们的示例事件相关主题基于此。我们从新浪微博中收集文本数据,并对每条推文进行矢量化,然后使用动态主题模型来发现与事件相关的主题。主题模型的结果具有足够的可解释性,有助于我们更彻底地理解这些主题的演变
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Industry Eco-Industrialization: Case Study of Shaanxi, China 产业生态工业化评价——以陕西省为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/csse.2018.33.389
Shuru Liu, P. He, Jiqiang Dang
The rapid development of industry brings great pressure on resource and environment, forcing people to explore the road of ecological development. In China, the level of regional industry ecological development differs from each other due to different economic level of regions. This paper establishes eco-industrialization index system from aspects of resource consumption, pollution emission, pollution abatement, economic and social development to reveal the connotation and characteristics of industry eco-industrialization, taking Shaanxi Province as an example, and adopts the principal component analysis to evaluate the industry eco-industrialization level of 2001-2015 in Shaanxi. The study shows that the level of industry eco-industrialization in Shaanxi Province is steadily improving, but the environmental protection and pollution control work still needs to be further strengthened. The current development process of industry eco-industrialization still faces hindrances from imperfection of environmental laws, insufficiency of government supervision, shortage of environmental protection planning, high energy consumption and ineffective implementation of cleaner production. Aiming at the hindrances, the paper suggests that Shaanxi should enhance the level of industry eco-industrialization by accelerating the construction of industrial ecological system, establishing environmental planning pilot system, improving resource utilization and promoting the key technological innovation and system integration of industry eco-industrialization.
工业的快速发展给资源和环境带来了巨大的压力,迫使人们探索生态发展之路。在中国,由于区域经济水平的不同,区域产业生态发展水平也存在差异。本文从资源消耗、污染排放、污染减排、经济社会发展等方面建立生态工业化指标体系,揭示工业生态工业化的内涵和特征,并以陕西省为例,采用主成分分析法对陕西省2001-2015年工业生态工业化水平进行评价。研究表明,陕西省工业生态工业化水平稳步提高,但环境保护和污染治理工作仍需进一步加强。当前工业生态工业化的发展进程还面临着环境法律不完善、政府监管不足、环保规划缺失、能源消耗高、清洁生产实施不力等障碍。针对存在的阻碍因素,建议陕西应从加快工业生态体系建设、建立环境规划试点制度、提高资源利用率、推进工业生态工业化关键技术创新和系统集成等方面提升工业生态工业化水平。
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引用次数: 2
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Commun. Stat. Simul. Comput.
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