Tomasz W. PYRCZ, Pierre BOYER, José A. CERDEÑA GUTIERREZ, Oscar MAHECHA JIMENEZ, Jadwiga LORENC-BRUDECKA, Kamila S. ZAJĄC, Rafał GARLACZ, Artur MROZEK, Dorota LACHOWSKA-CIERLIK, Jackie FARFÁN, Christer FÅHRAEUS, Gerardo LAMAS, Marianne ESPELAND
Tomasz W. PYRCZ, Pierre BOYER, JosĂŠ A. CERDEÑA GUTIERREZ, Oscar MAHECHA JIMENEZ, Jadwiga LORENC-BRUDECKA, Kamila S. ZAJÄC, RafaĹ GARLACZ, Artur MROZEK, Dorota LACHOWSKA-CIERLIK, Jackie FARFĂN, Christer FÅHRAEUS, Gerardo LAMAS, Marianne ESPELAND
Tomasz W. PYRCZ, Pierre BOYER, José A. CERDEÑA GUTIERREZ, Oscar MAHECHA JIMENEZ, Jadwiga LORENC-BRUDECKA, Kamila S. ZAJÄC, Rafa GARLACZ, Artur MROZEK, Dorota LACHOWSKA-CIERLIK, Jackie FARFĂN.ZAJÄC, RafaĹ GARLACZ, Artur MROZEK, Dorota LACHOWSKA-CIERLIK, Jackie FARFĂN, Christer FÅHRAEUS, Gerardo LAMAS, Marianne ESPELAND
{"title":"Diversity and relationships between Andean shrubland puna butterflies in the genus Punargentus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)","authors":"Tomasz W. PYRCZ, Pierre BOYER, José A. CERDEÑA GUTIERREZ, Oscar MAHECHA JIMENEZ, Jadwiga LORENC-BRUDECKA, Kamila S. ZAJĄC, Rafał GARLACZ, Artur MROZEK, Dorota LACHOWSKA-CIERLIK, Jackie FARFÁN, Christer FÅHRAEUS, Gerardo LAMAS, Marianne ESPELAND","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"Tomasz W. PYRCZ, Pierre BOYER, JosĂŠ A. CERDEÑA GUTIERREZ, Oscar MAHECHA JIMENEZ, Jadwiga LORENC-BRUDECKA, Kamila S. ZAJÄC, RafaĹ GARLACZ, Artur MROZEK, Dorota LACHOWSKA-CIERLIK, Jackie FARFĂN, Christer FÅHRAEUS, Gerardo LAMAS, Marianne ESPELAND","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura AVIVAR-LOZANO, José María MOLINA, Sergio PÉREZ-GUERRERO
The effectiveness of two biological control agents, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and the entomopathoÂgenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against nymphs and adults of Neophilaenus campestris (HemiÂptera: Aphrophoridae) was determined under laboratory conditions. First, different nymphal stages of N. campestris were presented to different larval stages of C. carnea. Second, the effect of the foam produced by N. campestris nymphs on the larvae of C. carnea predation was evaluated. Finally, four concentrations of a wild strain of B. bassiana, BbGEp1, were sprayed on plants in order to determine their lethality for adults of N. campestris. Second and 3rd-instar larvae of green lacewing larvae are capable of capturing and killing 3rd and 5th-instar nymphs of N. campestris. The percentage of 3rd-instar lacewing larvae that killed nymphs was significantly higher than that were killed by second-instar larvae. Second-instar larvae killed significantly more 3rd-instar nymphs than 5th-instar nymphs. Third instar lacewing larvae killed an average (± SEM) of 1.50 ± 0.31 5th-instar nymphs and 2nd-instar larvae killed very few nymphs. Spittlebug foam reduced, but did not prevent predation. The lethality of the entomopathogenic B. bassiana BbGEp1 used against adults of N. campestris was characterized by an LC50 value of 1.61 Ă 106 conidia/mL and LT50 of 3.63 days at 1 Ă 107 conidia/mL. The present study provides new and valuable data on the activity of two promising biological control agents of vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Further research is needed to confirm the results presented here and on the cost effectiveness of using these control agents as alternatives to synthetic insecticides for preventing the further spread of X. fastidiosa in Europe.
{"title":"The effectiveness of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as control agents of Neophilaenus campestris (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) a vector of Xylella fastidiosa","authors":"Laura AVIVAR-LOZANO, José María MOLINA, Sergio PÉREZ-GUERRERO","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of two biological control agents, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and the entomopathoÂgenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against nymphs and adults of Neophilaenus campestris (HemiÂptera: Aphrophoridae) was determined under laboratory conditions. First, different nymphal stages of N. campestris were presented to different larval stages of C. carnea. Second, the effect of the foam produced by N. campestris nymphs on the larvae of C. carnea predation was evaluated. Finally, four concentrations of a wild strain of B. bassiana, BbGEp1, were sprayed on plants in order to determine their lethality for adults of N. campestris. Second and 3rd-instar larvae of green lacewing larvae are capable of capturing and killing 3rd and 5th-instar nymphs of N. campestris. The percentage of 3rd-instar lacewing larvae that killed nymphs was significantly higher than that were killed by second-instar larvae. Second-instar larvae killed significantly more 3rd-instar nymphs than 5th-instar nymphs. Third instar lacewing larvae killed an average (± SEM) of 1.50 ± 0.31 5th-instar nymphs and 2nd-instar larvae killed very few nymphs. Spittlebug foam reduced, but did not prevent predation. The lethality of the entomopathogenic B. bassiana BbGEp1 used against adults of N. campestris was characterized by an LC50 value of 1.61 Ă 106 conidia/mL and LT50 of 3.63 days at 1 Ă 107 conidia/mL. The present study provides new and valuable data on the activity of two promising biological control agents of vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Further research is needed to confirm the results presented here and on the cost effectiveness of using these control agents as alternatives to synthetic insecticides for preventing the further spread of X. fastidiosa in Europe.","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proteome profiles of the cuticle and haemolymph of two strains of the Chinese Oak silk moth A. pernyi, with cyan and yellow coloured bodies, were compared in order to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that determine the differences in the colouration of the two strains. A total of 324 DEPs, including 124 up-regulated and 200 down-regulated proteins, were identified in the cuticles of the cyan and yellow coloured individuals, and 286 DEPs including 79 up-regulated and 207 down-regulated proteins in the haemolymph of the cyan and yellow coloured individuals. Several DEPs associated with the colour of larvae of A. pernyi were screened, including an ommochrome-binding protein, juvenile hormone esterase, protein yellow, L-dopachrome tautomerase yellow-f2 and fumarylacetoacetase, the expression levels in the cuticle and haemolymph of the yellow larvae were higher than those in the cyan coloured larvae, indicating their possible roles underlying the colouration of the yellow larvae of A. pernyi.
{"title":"The proteins involved in larval colouration in the cuticle and haemolymph of two strains of Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)","authors":"Guobao WANG, Jiangrun WANG, Lei NIE","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"The proteome profiles of the cuticle and haemolymph of two strains of the Chinese Oak silk moth A. pernyi, with cyan and yellow coloured bodies, were compared in order to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that determine the differences in the colouration of the two strains. A total of 324 DEPs, including 124 up-regulated and 200 down-regulated proteins, were identified in the cuticles of the cyan and yellow coloured individuals, and 286 DEPs including 79 up-regulated and 207 down-regulated proteins in the haemolymph of the cyan and yellow coloured individuals. Several DEPs associated with the colour of larvae of A. pernyi were screened, including an ommochrome-binding protein, juvenile hormone esterase, protein yellow, L-dopachrome tautomerase yellow-f2 and fumarylacetoacetase, the expression levels in the cuticle and haemolymph of the yellow larvae were higher than those in the cyan coloured larvae, indicating their possible roles underlying the colouration of the yellow larvae of A. pernyi.","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135268090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the effect of nutritional composition on the fitness of consumers in a quadri-trophic food web. Specifically, we studied how enrichment of the food of fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) transfers to the spider Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch) (Theridiidae) and its parasitoid wasp, Zatypota percontatoria Mueller (Ichneumonidae). We reared fruit flies on balanced, protein-enriched, and lipid-enriched diets, and observed several fitness-related traits in both the predator and the parasitoid. In spiders, we did not find significant differences among treatments in their body size and the probability of building a cocoon web. In parasitoids, we failed to find significant differences among treatments in the time to wasp pupation, the duration of pupation, the length of the wasp tibia and pronotum, and the body mass. However, the sex ratio of hatched wasps differed significantly among treatments from the expected 1 : 1. In the balanced diet group, the majority of wasps were males. There was a significant positive relationship between the spider prosoma size and the length of the wasp fore wing. Our results suggest that the quality of the food of the primary consumer had little effect on the fitness of the organism at the fourth trophic level.
{"title":"Effect of the nutritional quality of primary food on the development, sex ratio, and size of a parasitoid in a quadri-trophic food web","authors":"Ľudmila ČERNECKÁ, Stano PEKÁR","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effect of nutritional composition on the fitness of consumers in a quadri-trophic food web. Specifically, we studied how enrichment of the food of fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) transfers to the spider Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch) (Theridiidae) and its parasitoid wasp, Zatypota percontatoria Mueller (Ichneumonidae). We reared fruit flies on balanced, protein-enriched, and lipid-enriched diets, and observed several fitness-related traits in both the predator and the parasitoid. In spiders, we did not find significant differences among treatments in their body size and the probability of building a cocoon web. In parasitoids, we failed to find significant differences among treatments in the time to wasp pupation, the duration of pupation, the length of the wasp tibia and pronotum, and the body mass. However, the sex ratio of hatched wasps differed significantly among treatments from the expected 1 : 1. In the balanced diet group, the majority of wasps were males. There was a significant positive relationship between the spider prosoma size and the length of the wasp fore wing. Our results suggest that the quality of the food of the primary consumer had little effect on the fitness of the organism at the fourth trophic level.","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136097652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishment of a primary cell culture of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)","authors":"Amalendu Ghosh, Heena Dhall, Sumit Jangra","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45717209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aldair Vergara, Tania López-Palafox, Jaime Camacho-García, David Xochipiltecatl, Crisóstomo Mixtli, C. Cordero
{"title":"Experimental evidence of polyandry and prolonged copulations in Photinus palaciosi, a synchronous firefly with brachypterous females (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)","authors":"Aldair Vergara, Tania López-Palafox, Jaime Camacho-García, David Xochipiltecatl, Crisóstomo Mixtli, C. Cordero","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49036027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nearctic Anthomyzidae: Genera Mumetopia Melander and Xerocomyza gen. n. (Diptera)","authors":"J. Roháček, Kevin Barber","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48407921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental variables associated with insect richness and nestedness on small islands off the coast of northeastern Algeria","authors":"L. Aissat","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48540972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda S. ZAVALA-IBARRA, A. Arvizu-Flores, O. MARTÍNEZ-CRUZ, Pablo S. Osuna-Amarillas, J. Cárdenas-López, C. L. Del‐Toro‐Sánchez, Carlos R. González-Ruiz, J. A. Tapia-Hernández, R. D. Iturralde-García, F. Cinco-Moroyoqui
Rhyzopertha dominica is a pest that uses trypsin-like serine protease enzymes to hydrolyse the proteins in the cereal grains on which it feeds. The present study reveals for the fi rst time that that there are both glycosylated and non-glycosylated serine proteases. The progeny of R. dominica reared on the grain three varieties of wheat were used to fractionate their trypsinlike serine proteases using Concanavalin A affi nity chromatography. The albumin fractions from the wheat cultivars used in this study were subjected to size exclusion chromatography to fractionate the albumin inhibitors that are highly specifi c for the serine protease activity of R. dominica. Kinetic and thermodynamic assays were used to diff erentiate both types of enzymes. In general, the catalytic effi ciency values Vmax/Km for glycosylated proteases were higher, indicating that glycosylation increases the affi nity for the substrate. Inhibition assays using wheat albumins revealed that the glycosylated enzymes had higher Ki values, indicating a low affi nity for the inhibitors than the non-glycosylated enzymes. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that glycosylation increases the activation energy Ea improving the serine proteases’ catalysis. Thus it is likely that R. dominica uses glycosylated proteases in order to optimize the hydrolysis of cereal proteins and nullify the action of wheat grain protease inhibitors and increase its chances of survival. * Corresponding authors; e-mails: aldo.arvizu@unison.mx, javier.cinco@unison.mx INTRODUCTION Insects obtain essential amino acids from their food by effi cient digestive hydrolysis of plant proteins (Gholamzadeh et al., 2013; Zhu-Salzman & Zeng, 2015). Their digestive proteases catalyse the hydrolysis of proteins important for growth and development. The proteases are classifi ed according to the chemical nature of the groups responsible for catalysis, i.e., serine, threonine, cysteine, aspartic or metalloproteases (López-Otín & Bond, 2008; Barrett et al., 2012). In the digestive tract of some species of insects such Eur. J. Entomol. 120: 233–243, 2023 doi: 10.14411/eje.2023.026
{"title":"Comparative kinetic characterization of the activity of glycosylated and non-glycosylated trypsin-like serine protease isolated from adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) reared on the grain of three different cultivars of wheat","authors":"Fernanda S. ZAVALA-IBARRA, A. Arvizu-Flores, O. MARTÍNEZ-CRUZ, Pablo S. Osuna-Amarillas, J. Cárdenas-López, C. L. Del‐Toro‐Sánchez, Carlos R. González-Ruiz, J. A. Tapia-Hernández, R. D. Iturralde-García, F. Cinco-Moroyoqui","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Rhyzopertha dominica is a pest that uses trypsin-like serine protease enzymes to hydrolyse the proteins in the cereal grains on which it feeds. The present study reveals for the fi rst time that that there are both glycosylated and non-glycosylated serine proteases. The progeny of R. dominica reared on the grain three varieties of wheat were used to fractionate their trypsinlike serine proteases using Concanavalin A affi nity chromatography. The albumin fractions from the wheat cultivars used in this study were subjected to size exclusion chromatography to fractionate the albumin inhibitors that are highly specifi c for the serine protease activity of R. dominica. Kinetic and thermodynamic assays were used to diff erentiate both types of enzymes. In general, the catalytic effi ciency values Vmax/Km for glycosylated proteases were higher, indicating that glycosylation increases the affi nity for the substrate. Inhibition assays using wheat albumins revealed that the glycosylated enzymes had higher Ki values, indicating a low affi nity for the inhibitors than the non-glycosylated enzymes. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that glycosylation increases the activation energy Ea improving the serine proteases’ catalysis. Thus it is likely that R. dominica uses glycosylated proteases in order to optimize the hydrolysis of cereal proteins and nullify the action of wheat grain protease inhibitors and increase its chances of survival. * Corresponding authors; e-mails: aldo.arvizu@unison.mx, javier.cinco@unison.mx INTRODUCTION Insects obtain essential amino acids from their food by effi cient digestive hydrolysis of plant proteins (Gholamzadeh et al., 2013; Zhu-Salzman & Zeng, 2015). Their digestive proteases catalyse the hydrolysis of proteins important for growth and development. The proteases are classifi ed according to the chemical nature of the groups responsible for catalysis, i.e., serine, threonine, cysteine, aspartic or metalloproteases (López-Otín & Bond, 2008; Barrett et al., 2012). In the digestive tract of some species of insects such Eur. J. Entomol. 120: 233–243, 2023 doi: 10.14411/eje.2023.026","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44160223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glostatina, a new xyloctonine subtribe for Glostatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), based on clear genetic and morphological differences","authors":"B. Jordal","doi":"10.14411/eje.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11940,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43708495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：